• 국제물리치료학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.757-763
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of elasticity of taping on ankle muscles'activity and endurance after plyometric training that easily causes ankle injury, and provide baseline data for physical therapy intervention methods. The study subjects are 24 male students in their 20s who attend N University in Choongnam. They were divided into three groups; 8 subjects in the elastic taping group, 8 in the non-elastic taping group, and 8 in the non-taping group(control group). They had plyometric training for 6 weeks. After the training, this study measured their maximum voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) and muscle endurance of the muscles around ankle joint. The experiment result is as follows. After the training, all three groups showed improvement in muscle strength and endurance. The elastic taping group showed insignificant improvement in muscle strength but significant increase in muscle endurance in plantarflexion. In dorsiflexion, both muscle strength and endurance increased significantly. The non-elastic taping group showed insignificant improvement in muscle strength but significant increase in muscle endurance in plantarflexion. Taping during plyometric training had a little or insignificant effect on muscle endurance and strength compared to the non-taping group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Bruxism is commonly considered a major risk factor for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and the psychosocial factors had been one of the etiologic factor of bruxism. But there are still unsolved issues on the relationship between sleep bruxism and TMD and the etiologic factors of bruxism. This study is aim to evaluate the clinical and psychosocial characteristics according to diagnostic grade of bruxism in TMD patients. Methods: Three hundred subjects were enrolled who were under the stabilization splint therapy for TMD. Recently international consensus proposed a diagnostic grading system of "possible", "probable", and "definite" sleep or awake bruxism for clinical and research purpose. According to their suggestion, we classified these subjects as self-reported bruxism (SRB) and wear facet bruxism (WFB). We investigated the clinical characteristics (sex, age, chief complaint, pain duration, visual analogue scale), sum of tenderness (temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, cervical muscles), diagnosis of TMD according to research diagnostic criteria (the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, RDC/TMD), headache, subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and psychosocial characteristics (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, SCL-90-R) in enrolled subjects. We compared the clinical and psychosocial characteristics between these bruxism groups. Results: There were no significant correlation between self-reported and WFB (p=0.13). SRB subjects more reported pain as a chief complain than subject who did not report bruxism (p=0.014). The mean score of global PSQI was significantly higher in SRB than in did not report positively subjects (p=0.045). The mean score of anxiety and phobic anxiety was significantly higher in SRB than in did not reported positively subjects (p=0.045, p=0.041). Conclusions: Although bruxism is regarded as risk factor of TMD, this study showed inconsistent result between SRB and clinically detected bruxism by wear facet on slpint. We suggest that the clinician should consider with extreme caution when they assess SRB.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제60권
• /
• pp.79-106
• /
• 2013

The world is significant increasing investment volume into developing countries from foreign investors. Foreign financial capital is searching in interesting place among the emerging market. However foreign investors put still their experience in the economical and social crisis with political risks in the host countries. MIGA entered into the political risks insurance market which has one of the basic matter of sponsored the private investment guarantee programs. They put guarantee or covering risks of currency inconvertibility, expropriation, breach of contract and political violence. In the case contracts of guarantee concluded between investor and MIGA which are disputes in relation to such MIGA service contract, it should be settled by negotiation, conciliation and arbitration under the convention establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency(MIGA). All disputes within the scope to states and investor of MIGA members shall be settled in accordance with the procedure set out in the convention. Recently, MIGA is opening the office in Seoul to strengthen joint efforts between MIGA and Korea. It will be a good chance to consider sustainable improvement and dispute solutions for emerging countries in foreign investment to the korean investors.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제43권
• /
• pp.275-295
• /
• 2009

After a long period of development and worldwide consultation, the London-based Joint Cargo Committee has revised the Institute Cargo Clauses (A), (B) & (C) and some ancillary Institute Clauses. The revision mainly include a clarification of the exclusions within the clauses, some modernization of the language of the clauses and new definitions of some terms. With these revisions, the coverage is widened to offer more protection to the assured. This may enable the widely used Institute Cargo Clauses to receive even greater worldwide acceptance. The following are the main changes in the new 2009 ICC compared with the 1982 ICC. 1. Insufficient or unsuitable Packing or Preparation(Clause 4.3): The revised clause is more favourable to the assured because under the revised clause this sub-clause is only applicable to (a) where packing or preparation is carried out by the assured or their employees or (b) packing or preparation takes place before the attachment of the risk. 2. Insolvency or Financial Default (Clause 4.6): The insolvency and financial default wording is incorporated in the revised clauses, making it more favourable to the assured. 3. Unseaworthiness (Clause 5): The revision is more favourable to the assured in that it limits the exclusion in relation to the unfitness of vehicles, vessels or containers to cases where the assured or their employees are privy to such unfitness. 4. Terrorism (Clause 7): A new definition of "terrorism" is introduced and the revised clause also widens the acts of an individual to encompass ideological and religious motives.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.653-669
• /
• 2016

Recent earthquakes worldwide show that a significant portion of the earthquake shaking happens in the vertical direction. This phenomenon has raised significant interests to consider the vertical ground motion during the seismic design and assessment of the structures. Strong vertical ground motions can alter the axial forces in the columns, which might affect the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) members. This is particularly important for non-ductile RC frames, which are very vulnerable to earthquake-induced collapse. This paper presents the detailed nonlinear dynamic analysis to quantify the collapse risk of non-ductile RC frame structures with varying heights. An array of non-ductile RC frame architype buildings located in Los Angeles, California were designed according to the 1967 uniform building code. The seismic responses of the architype buildings subjected to concurrent horizontal and vertical ground motions were analyzed. A comprehensive array of ground motions was selected from the PEER NGA-WEST2 and Iran Strong Motions Network database. Detailed nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to quantify the collapse fragility curves and collapse margin ratios (CMRs) of the architype buildings. The results show that the vertical ground motions have significant impact on both the local and global responses of non-ductile RC moment frames. Hence, it is crucial to include the combined vertical and horizontal shaking during the seismic design and assessment of non-ductile RC moment frames.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2015

Purpose - This study examines Chinese P2P investment decision processes from a behavioral economics approach. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyze the online P2P investment product purchase decisions of 241 respondents in China, March 2015 to May 2015. T-tests were conducted to determine whether the framing effect influenced investor investment preferences. The Association Rule was used to identify the framing effect of respondent demographic characteristics on joint decisions regarding stable or risky investment products. Results - There are significant differences between the two groups (positive framing and negative framing) and their product-choosing behavior. In the positive framing group, female investors, young investors, investors with non-financial occupations and with limited or no experience, preferred stable P2P investment products. In contrast, in the negative framing group, investors with extensive investment experience preferred risky investment products. Conclusions - The framing effect influences investor choices in online P2P investment products. It is necessary to implement comprehensive supervision and full information disclosure regarding P2P investment products. P2P investment websites can also adopt different marketing strategies according to investor gender and age.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to suggest strategies for Korean companies to overcome the limitation of the international trade structure between Korea and Vietnam. This study examined foreign multinational distribution companies, Korean distribution companies and domestic distribution companies in Vietnam. A SWOT analysis conducted to propose effective strategies revealed that Saigon Mart, Vietnam's largest regional mart company, needs an O/W strategy and to capture market opportunities quickly through strategic alliances with foreign distribution companies, in order to gradually complement their core competencies internally. Lotte mart in Vietnam, one of Korea's three largest marts, needs to establish a T/S strategy in order to overcome the crisis situation in Vietnam market and succeed in business. BIG C Mart has over 40,000 diverse products needs to use a T/S strategy in order to effectively overcome the crisis situation in the Vietnamese market and to increase the possibility of business success. From the study findings and conclusions, various implications are derived. Vietnam is still very strong in socialism and regional characteristics, so it needs to build up close cooperation such as joint venture with local partners in the region and strategic alliances to increase the possibility of investment success.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.699-707
• /
• 2013

국가와 국가 간의 무역 거래량이 증가함에 따라 기업의 업무범위가 내부적 업무에서부터 수출입 관련 업무까지 모두 행하는 것에 한계가 발생하게 되었다. 이에 이를 전담하는 국제물류주선업 시장 역시 점차 확대되고 있다. 그러나 국내뿐만 아니라 세계적으로 국제물류주선업체의 수가 증가하고 있는 현 상황에서 우리나라의 기업이 경쟁력을 가지는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 이와 관련하여 정부에서는 다양한 지원 및 규제를 시행하고 있고, 학계에서도 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 대부분 현황이나 경영방식에 초점을 맞추고 있을 뿐, 정부지원정책에 대한 기업의 의견 및 인식과 관련된 사항은 반영되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 계층화 분석법인 AHP 분석을 활용하여 현재 시행 중인 정부지원정책에 대한 우선순위를 도출하고, 기업 규모별 인식의 차이를 비교하였다. 또한, 기업 규모별로 분류한 집단 간의 차이를 확인하기 위하여 t-test를 실시하였다. 분석 결과를 바탕으로 현재 시행 중인 정부의 지원정책이 기업의 실질적인 기대수준에 들어맞는지를 살펴보고, 우리나라 국제물류주선업 경쟁력 강화를 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.177-213
• /
• 2011

현재 우주활동에 의하여 발생된 손해에 대한 배상책임과 관련된 국제조약으로 1967년 우주조약과 1972년 우주손해배상책임조약이 있으며, 또한 우리나라 국내법으로 2008년 우주손해배상법이 있다. 우주조약은 우주활동에 대한 국가의 국제적 책임과 우주물체에 의한 손해에 대한 국가의 불법행위 책임에 관하여 규정하고 있다. 우주손해책임조약은 발사국의 절대적 책임, 과실책임, 연대책임, 배상청구권자, 배상청구방법, 배상청구기한, 배상청구와 국내적 구제, 손해배상액, 청구위원회 설치 등에 관하여 규정하고 있다. 우리나라 우주손해배상법은 우주손해의 정의, 우주손해책임조약과의 관계, 발사자의 무과실책임 및 책임의 집중, 발사자의 손해배상책임한도액, 발사자의 책임보험 가입, 정부의 피해자 구조 및 발사자 지원 등에 관하여 규정하고 있다. 우주사고로 인한 손해배상책임 관련 사례들로 Iridium33과 Cosmos 2251 위성충돌 사건, Cosmos 954 위성추락 사건, Martin Marietta의 위성발사 실패 사건, Westar VI 위성 작동불량 사고 등이 있으며, 이러한 우주사건에 관한 분쟁 또는 소송에 있어서 위성의 발사국, 발사자 및 제조자의 손해배상책임 부담문제에 관련하여 절대책임(엄격책임)원칙 또는 과실책임원칙이 적용되어 해결되고 있다. 우주손해책임조약의 개선방안으로 손해배상청구권자의 명확한 규정, 청구위원회의 결정의 구속력 확보 등을 들 수 있고, 우리나라 우주손해배상법의 개선방안으로 손해배상범위에 간접손해 포함, 손해배상책임 한도액의 통화단위 변경, 공동발사자의 연대책임 및 구상권 신설, 우주손해배상심의위원회의 설치 등을 들 수 있다. 우리나라는 2009년 6월 전남 고흥군 외나로도에 우주센터가 준공되어 동년 8월 및 2010년 6월 우리나라 최초 소형 우주발사체 나로호(KSLV-1)를 두차례 발사하였다. 향후 우리나라는 우주활동 과정에서 우주관련 국제조약 및 국내법상의 국제적 책임 및 우주손해에 대한 배상책임 등 문제들이 발생할 가능성이 있으므로 우리정부 및 우주물체 발사기관은 이러한 문제들에 대한 법적 제도적 대응책을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.505-515
• /
• 2021

포항 달전리 주상절리(천연기념물 제415호, 이하 주상절리)에 대한 사면안정성 평가 및 낙석 시뮬레이션을 통하여 낙석의 최대 에너지, 도약높이, 이동거리를 산출하였으며, 낙석 위험 범위를 설정하였다. 주상절리가 분포하는 사면의 경우 왼쪽(SW)에서 오른쪽(NE)에 이르기까지 93.79°, 131.99°, 165.54°, 259.84°의 경사방향을 가지며 전체적으로 부채꼴의 형상을 하고 있다. 이러한 사면의 경사방향을 따라 4구간으로 구분하였으며, 각 구간별 노출되어 있는 주상절리의 단면에서 개별적인 불연속면의 방향성을 측정한 결과 1구간은 125개, 2구간은 261개, 3구간은 262개, 4구간은 43개로 확인된다. 평사투영법을 이용한 각 구간별 사면 안정성 평가 결과, 평면 및 전도파괴 영역에 해당되나 이는 노출된 주상절리면의 개별 방향성에 대한 해석 결과로 주상절리에 대하여 평면 및 전도파괴의 가능성을 진단하기 어렵기 때문에 현재에도 발생되고 있는 낙석으로부터 위험 가능성을 평가하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 낙석 시뮬레이션을 통해 측정된 낙석의 최대 이동거리는 약 66 m이며, 낙석 위험 범위는 사면 아래 전 영역이 해당됨을 알 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 낙석의 거동은 지형학적 요인에 의해 다양한 방향으로 굴러떨어져 낙하지점을 예측하기 힘들기 때문에 낙석으로부터 안정성 확보를 위한 낙석 방지시설 설치를 제안하고자 한다.