• Educational Technology International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-67
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to propose an education cooperation model for Human Resources Development (HRD) in Asia-Pacific region in response to environmental changes in business and industry. In order to carry out the model, this study reviewed the key features of human resources in the APEC which is a symbolic regional integration entity in Asia-Pacific region, shaped critical issues related with HRD in this region and then analyzed the trends of education cooperation projects conducted by the APEC in terms of topics, implementation methods and proposing economies of the projects. In result, this study proposed a triangular education cooperation model for HRD consisting of three elements: Voluntary Partnership, Information on Needs and Support for Cooperation. These interconnected and interdependent elements were designed to encourage actors to participate in education cooperative activities with their own willingness, produce and manage research-based information required for sustainable cooperation and support communication and connectivity among actors for effective activities. Also, this study expected that this model would make a commitment to narrowing educational divides, enhancing global-standard skills development, facilitating public and private partnership and organizing the foundation of future education for cultivating creative talents in the era of innovation for APEC members.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Due to rapid growth of economy in the world, which results into shipping goods flow one place to another in large volumes, the competition becoming more intense among ports. Shanghai port and Ningbo-Zhoushan port are the two most important ports in the Yangtze River Delta and have the same economic hinterland, inevitably there is a heated competition between the two ports. This paper using the approach of SWOT to analyze the issue of competition and cooperation between the two ports, and then makes an analysis of their Co-opetition strategies by employing the analyzing methods based on the Game theory. Finally, it puts forward some strategies to enhance the cooperation between the two ports.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.303-325
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• 2010

This study concerns the identification of INPR process (i.e., antecedents, timeliness in new product development (NPD) and international new product rollout (INPR) and consequences) for international new product performance. It was empirically tested by a Korean sample to verify the validity of the research framework. The results show that cross-functional integration exhibited a statistically significant and positive effect on NPD timeliness. For the rapid development of new products, evidence is mounting in favor of cross-functional integration that facilitates both the quick dissemination and utilization of information. A higher level of marketing synergy was positively associated with a higher level of NPD timeliness. These findings suggest that marketing synergy plays a key role in enhancing NPD timeliness in South Korean manufacturing companies. The results also indicate that HQ-subsidiary cooperation was positively related to INPR timeliness. More comprehensive and varied information flows between HQ and subsidiary are likely to achieve product competitive advantage and then the latter may lead to international new product launch timeliness. However, technology synergy has no significant influence on NPD timeliness, implying that Korean manufacturers' managers do not recognize technology to be a major driving force, unlike Western manufacturers' managers. The findings also indicate that the positive effects of timeliness in INPR on international new product performance. It is important note that successful achievements of international new product success are likely to rely on INPR timeliness. Importantly, the results found that products developed within planned time frames are more likely to be rolled out into multi-markets on-time, resulting in higher levels of performance than when NPD completion is delayed.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.256-276
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• 1994

This paper aims at identifying the desirable R'||'&'||'D life cycle related to government-industry cooperative R'||'&'||'D. It is based on a case study associated with the relationship between cooperation and cooperation in information in information communications sector. It presents three types of R'||'&'||'D life cycle to achieve a technological enhancement as high as possible with limited resources. The first case of R'||'&'||'D project is of "advanced type". In the generic technology phase, government takes a leading role jointly in R'||'&'||'D activities, but, in after the applied research phase, the domestic firms take the lead. This kind of cooperation can be made when competition between domestic firms is highly intense, and the technological knowledges of participating firms are at internationally competitive levels. The second type of "less-advanced type"; the firms of a country(more often a small country) lag behind in technology level, and the penetration of foreign firms in the market is limited. In this case, government takes full charge of R'||'&'||'D activities up to the applied research phase, due to the low technology level and insufficient financial resources of private firms. Lastly, this paper presents and R'||'&'||'D life cycle of "strategic" type. This applies to the case in which domestic firm with less financial resources make an attempt to increase their technological knowledges while the government, in turn, contributes to strengthen the international competitiveness of domestic industry.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2015

To understand the fluctuation of global carbon levels caused by the biogeochemical cycle within the ocean interior, it is essential to achieve comparability of global oceanic nutrient data to a fairly high degree. The Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR) commissioned a working group (WG147) to establish a system for achieving comparability of oceanic nutrient data within 1% among laboratories around the world. The introduction of international activities for improving nutrient comparability will facilitate the use of nutrient reference material of seawater by researchers within Korea, which will help in meeting international standards of nutrient comparability and promote international cooperation.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-184
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the present and future agricultural extension system and international cooperation systems for agricultural technologies in Ghana. The role of agricultural extension in the next decade should be quite different from what it was 10 years ago or even now. Its role as a facilitator of agricultural knowledge system would only increase as more participants from private sector would get involved in extension. The public sector extension would still continue to be the major extension provider in most parts of the country as the private sector alone would not be able to meet even partially the varied needs of farmers. Internal reforms are thus going to be the greatest challenge for the Ghana Extension System. The cooperation systems work in partnership with other stakeholder to provide agricultural extension and advisory services to farmers. Innovations (information/knowledge) emerging from the seed industry may be seen as dynamic and systemic process which can emerge from many sources. KAFECI's interventions must be flexible to accommodate such changes if the need arises in subsequent years (year 2 & 3). The framework and tools for technology transfer and dissemination is developed on "innovation platform" where a group of stakeholders/collaborators with diverse social and economic backgrounds, work towards a common objective or challenge.

• Strategy21
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• s.40
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• pp.162-189
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• 2016

This research deals with the PLAN's capabilities and its implication for regional security, and suggests some measures for maritime security cooperation among regional states. China has began to focus its national strategy more on 'rising as a new maritime power' since the 18th Party Convention in November 2012. Chinese new strategy aims at building a strong navy, contributing economic prosperity and national security, and thus elevating its prestige in international society. Most of all, building a strong navy is the foremost task at this time, and that is why the PLAN has the priority for military modernization. Chinese new maritime strategy could cause naval arms race in East Asia and aggravate maritime territorial disputes among concerned parties. It is the time for regional states to discuss some measures to build confidence, such as arms control of naval weapons, establishment of multilateral maritime security mechanism, and foundation of regional security regime, thus enhancing regional maritime cooperation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1891-1894
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• 2014

In February 6-7th, the Thai National Cancer Institute, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and its Mumbai Hub for Cancer Registration, together with the International Association of Cancer Registries and the APOCP/APJCP, jointly organized an Asian cancer registry forum to discuss regional cooperation for cancer registration. Held in the Grande Mercure Fortune Hotel, Bangkok, the meeting brought together leading scientists in cancer registration from South-East and North-East Asia as well as Australia, India and Iran and IARC itself, with coverage of various priorities and challenges of cancer registries regarding cancer control policy, operational parameters, assessment of survival and contributions to screening, for example. The current situation was highlighted and future directions and possible expansion of activities were discussed, with especial attention to the necessity for networks to help improve cancer registration across Asia and Africa.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.63
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• pp.245-260
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• 2014

This study is aimed to summarize a tense situation of Risk management for Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprise in 2013 and to investigate trade insurance of K-sure. Now we have to find a new way to protect Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprises from uncertain environment and also need to prevent a recurrence of parallel cases in the domain of South-North economic cooperation in Korean peninsula. There are two method to protect Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprises. First they rely on the Korea government for protection. Second they need to effect trade insurance of K-sure. such as Export Credit Guaranty or Short-term Export Insurance. They shall create a wise predictable environment to protect Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprises themselves without resort to Korea government. Of course there are many things left behind to consider I hope it will be helpful to those who prepare South-North economic cooperation especially in Kaesong Industrial Complex.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-112
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• 1999

This study was to estimate and complete the flora of herbaceous plants found in Mt. Kyeryong National Park, Mt. Bomoon, and Mt. Shikjang in Taejon Korea. This research was conducted from April 1995 to August 1998. Herbaceous vascular plants were composed of 76 families,336 genera,574 species,4 subspecies, 105 varieties and 9 forms, totaling 691 taxa. The useful resource plants were categorized as edible plants (45.4%), medical plants (31.1%), pasture plants (28.7%), ornamental plants (16.4%) and industrial plants (1.6%).