• Lingua Humanitatis
• /
• v.7
• /
• pp.311-333
• /
• 2005

The national language in the divided Germany has undergone changes that are not simply 'linguistic' in nature but reflect on the diverse social activities that have contributed to the development of the country's political and economic systems. Accordingly, a study of the German language in the process of the division would necessarily involve looking into the socio-political dynamics of the period, in tandem with the study of the linguistic structure per se. This paper deals with the political situation of Germany during the period of 1945 through 1990 and the issues of territorial devision during that period with the view to clarifying the extra-linguistic factors behind the changes of the country's national language. This mode of explaining the heterogeneous linguistic changes that characterize post-war Germany will provide an opportunity to consider the classical issues of the relationship between linguistic changes and social ones in a new light.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2004

Parents' marital conflicts are often linked to various emotional and behavioural difficulties of their children but rarely known about later adolescent and adult lives. This study was undertaken to examine if serious parental conflict such as divorce and/or separation in childhood was associated with emotional and social performance during later adolescent and adult lives. The research literature on divorce was briefly reviewed. The data was derived from the National Child Development Study (NCDSS 1974/age 16 - 1991/age 33) which followed the lives of 17,500 individuals born on March 3-9, 1958 in England, Scotland and Wales. Regression analyses indicate strong evidence that the experience of parental divorce or separation in childhood negatively affects the child's emotional and social performance in their subsequent life. The higher likelihood of having emotional problems, being less competent at their job, experiencing health/disability problems, being a lone-parent, unemployed, and homeless were strongly associated with parental divorce or separation experienced in childhood. Intervention is desirable to address the concerns influencing socio-psychological performance amongst children who have experienced parental divorce or separation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2012

This paper attempts to define, construct a policy framework, and analyze interactions with monetary policy of macroprudential policy. The available pieces of evidence suggest that the effects of the LTV and DTI regulations for financial stability are rather unclear in Korea. It also shows that when financial markets exhibit instability in a stable inflationary environment, macroprudential policy could run into conflict with monetary policy. This paper proposes an appropriate modality of macroprudential policy to minimize the potential conflict with monetary policy.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2007

Korean secondary school students (n=263) responded to surveys measuring their family contexts and school adjustment during the time period August-September 2004. Structure Equation Modeling tests were conducted to identify the nested model on school adjustment, a latent variable constructed with peer relations, teacher-adolescent relations, and academic attitude. In the nested model, parental involvement was a powerful predictor for school adjustment. Family conflict had a negative impact on school adjustment and was statistically significantly when correlated with the other predictors in the model. These finding suggested that family contexts play an important role in Korean adolescents' school adjustment. Hence, adolescents' perceived GPA level and satisfaction for school were important predictors for school adjustment.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2004

Collision avoidance for multiple aircraft can be stated as a problem ofmaintaining safe distance between aircraft in conflict. Optimal collision avoidanceproblem seeks to minimize the given cost function while simultaneously satisfyingconstraints. The cost function could be a function of time or control input. This paper addresses the trajectory time-optimization problem for collision avoidance of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). The problem is difficult to handle in general due to the two-point boundary value problem subject to dynamic environments. Some simplifying aleorithms are used for potential applications in on-line operation.Although under possibility of more complicated problems, a dynamic problem is transformed into a static one by prediction of the conflict time and some appropriate assumptions.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.27-48
• /
• 2022

In the past decade, Korea and Japan have increasingly exhibited different strategic priorities in trade in face of China's rising global economic prowess and worsening US-China trade conflict. Japan's trade policy decisions have worked to reinforce its economic and security ties with the US as a means to counter China. Japan has used both bilateral and multilateral means to secure its ties with the US against China. In contrast, Korea's trade policy positions have been one of 'strategic ambiguity'. Korea has been more conciliatory towards China, reluctant to take actions that would counter China's interest. Korea has mainly resorted to bilateral channels to maintain favorable relations with both China and the US. Korea's reluctance to clearly ally with the US against China has been observed across different administrations with opposing political orientations. This paper examines Korea and Japan's diverging strategic priorities in trade through the 2017 World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference; the 2017 US imposition of Section 232 on steel; the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Korea-US FTA renegotiation and the Korea-China FTA Phase Two Negotiation; and the 2019 Japan-US Trade Agreement.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.1161-1165
• /
• 2009

Safety of workers and productivity in construction site are affected according to the conflict status of work spaces which are performed at a time. The interference among the work spaces in construction site should be minimized because it becomes a blocking factor that causes construction delay and low productivity. Those factors can be managed by reasonable H&S (Health & Safety) practice. This research suggests the requirements of H&S practice and rules to establish the strategy of H&S management based on the literature reviews related to H&S rule. The suggested H&S rule can be visualized for searching space conflict point if the rule is linked with visual simulation tool. Accordingly the research results can be used for improving and visualizing construction productivity by work space control in 4D/nD CAD system.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.709-713
• /
• 2005

The conflict problems encountered in the construction projects led to prolonged delays in implementation, interruptions and sometimes suspension. This paper has described ten fundamental management principles to avoid conflicts in construction field and increase the productivity. They are: i) hire good (not cheap) construction professionals ii) set reasonable time and cost goals iii) recognize contractors and designers are in business to make profit iv) draft a clear contract document v) pick a suitable project delivery system vi) implement a front-end approach vii) accept construction project as a dynamic process viii) need of education and training of professionals ix) accountability and teamwork in construction site, and x) avoid negligence.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.225-253
• /
• 2005

Nowadays we does not hesitate to definite answer that the arbitration is the most developed dispute settlement out of court in the international commercial transaction. Online arbitration is desirable for the reasons of speed and cost effectiveness to settle the dispute about the international commercial transaction. Online arbitration is fast because it uses the communication technologies that allow information to be sent fast and efficiently. But in online arbitration too much speed and efficiency may lead to a violation of due process rights and consequently the online arbitration awards run a risk to be set aside or refused its enforcement under the international commercial arbitration mechanism. Speed and efficiency may conflict with the procedural guarantee characterizing each adversary dispute resolution process. As arbitration is exclusive of recourse to courts, a state must guarantee that arbitral proceeding should be satisfied with the claim rights requirement. The main question regarding the sources of regulation is particularly for the due process whether or not this is provided by the availability of grounds to set arbitral award aside. In other words, does it respect due process in the arbitration proceeding including information communication and technology under the online arbitration. In this paper it is discussed about how the main issue in arbitration should be implemented in online arbitration proceedings to cope with the due process requirements in national and international.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
• /
• v.3 no.spc2
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2005

Interactions among multiple control functions of a UPFC installed in a power system have been observed in power system simulation and been reported in authors' previous publications [1,2]. This paper presents new analytical results about these observed interactions and concludes that they are due to the control conflict between the series and shunt part of the UPFC, which are connected through the internal common capacitor inside the UPFC. Investigation in the paper reveals, for the first time as far as the authors are aware of, that the linkage pattern of UPFC series and shunt part decides whether the control functions implemented by the UPFC series and shunt part conflict each other or not. This linkage pattern of UPFC series and shunt part can be described by the flow of active power through the UPFC at steady-state operation of the power system. Hence in order to predict the possible interactions among multiple control functions of the UPFC, an interaction indicator is proposed in the paper which is the direction and amount of active power flow through the internal link of the UPFC series and shunt part at steady-state operation of the power system. This proposed interaction indicator can be calculated from power system load flow solution without having to run simulation of the power system with UPFC controllers installed. By using the indicator, the interactions among multiple control functions of the UPFC caused by badly set controller's parameters are excluded. Therefore the indicator only identifies the possible existence of inherent control conflict of the UPFC.