• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2011

The virulence against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was evaluated with entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson HY-4 which is isolated from coleopteran insect and registered to Korean and US patents. Virulence tests were conducted with conidial suspensions ($1.5{\times}10^6conidia/ml$) of P. lilacinus HY-4 against T. urticae adults and positive results were recorded in laboratory conditions. The spraying device was also developed for the efficient and exact evaluation of treatment. The developed spraying device was named as SD-tower sprayer and its efficacy of spraying conidia was evaluated. The accumulated mortality caused by P. lilacinus HY-4 using SD-tower spray was about 73% at 6 days after inoculation. This suggest that the isolate P. lilacinus HY-4 may be considered as promising for a new approach to prevent adult infestations by T. urticae.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2020

Although educational facilities are important considerations from a social equity standpoint, the educational environment generally found in rural areas has been continuously deteriorated due to numerous social problems following birth rate declines and school abolition numbers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the commuting accessibility changed by the abolition of elementary schools. The village-level accessibility is assessed following physical accessibility criteria based on legally defined commuting distances. Moreover, this study shows the implications of commuting accessibility by school district zones through comparing the minimum commuting distances with real commuting distance. The target area is the Gangwon state, the coverage area in which for schools is the widest in South Korea (44.1 ㎢/school). We evaluated the commuting distances to the nearest elementary school for 992 rural villages and 74 urban villages. Of the 1,066 villages in urban and rural areas evaluated, most of the villages (about 77%) are exposed to commutes to elementary schools were the marginal distance is over 1,000 meters. The annual rate of increase of commuting distance for 1,066 villages in Gangwon state has steadily increased by 2.8%p since 2000, average commuting distance from 2.8 km to 3.6 km. By the designation of the school districts, elementary school students have to go to a faraway school located within administrative district, even though there is a school nearby. It is expected that the results of this study will be made use of as basic data for the establishment of policies such as a reasonable basis for closing schools measurements considering the locally unique environment.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

The antibacterial activity of Korean honey bee venom (KBV) was examined against seven major bacterial mastitis pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus uberis isolated from infected mammary quarters of cows. Seven bacterial mastitis pathogens were studied for antibacterial activity of the KBV by disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial count in milk samples. The KBV showed activity against Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. The order of susceptibility of the bacteria against the KBV was Staph. aureus>MRSA>E. coli>Strep. intermedius>Ent. faecium>Strep. oralis>Strep. uberis. The MIC against Staph. aureus, MRSA and E. coli were stronger effect as compared with standard drug. The effect of the KBV ($100{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) on the viability of Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius, Strep. oralis and Strep. uberis in milk differed significantly with each other within 12 h incubation period. The results indicate that KBV has significant antibacterial effects against major bacterial mastitis bacteria, Ent. faecium, E.coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. Results of the study indicate the potential use of KBV as alternative to antibiotic therapy. Further investigations are needed though to confirm its efficacy and its effects on the animals.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.231-233
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• 2003

To understand the physical method for induction of anti-bacterial substances from the silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori, three physical methods, i.e., infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation and ultrasonic wave, have been used in this study. The results have shown that ultrasonic wave can induce anti-bacterial sub-stances effectively than radiations in the B. mori larva. The induction of anti-bacterial substances was different from silkworm race to race. Summer-autumn silkworm race (Qiufeng${\times}$Baiyu) was easy to induce antibacterial substances. It is suggested that the ultrasonic wave is a simple and easy method for induction.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.190-193
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• 2004

This review was conducted to evaluate the 'Korean Food Composition Table' and establish it as an internationally accepted database by examining its contents and evolution over time. The food composition table has been published by National Rural Living Science Institute, every 5 years, listing the nutrient content for each food, as both the raw agricultural product and processed foods, since the 1$^{st}$ edition in 1979 by RDA (Rural Development Administration). This is the basic data applied to the evaluation of the nutritional value of foods in Korea. The data is used as a useful tool in many fields, not only for the establishment of the National Food Supply Plan but also for nutritional research, the draft of National Food Policy, and in clinical and epidemiological research. The database is also utilized by food service providers and food processors, etc. Consumers and the international society have been interested in the quality and safety of foods and raw agricultural products. As these data expand in volume, the type of foods included in the composition table is expanded to cover new additions for the convenience of users of the 'Nutrient Data Base' as judged by the publishers. The form of these reports varies, according to the current information, from a simple booklet to CD-ROM and to the Web service. We expect to continue to make improvements in the National Standard Table for food composition through expanding both the quantity and quality of data in an orderly manner. This effort can help food composition data to be comprehensively developed systematically and gradually at the national level.l.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2003

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) resistance of silkworm is controlled by a pair of dominant genes on autosome and micro-effect modificator genes on sex chromosome Z and has the phenomenon of patroclinal inheritance. Based on its hereditary characteristics, methods of preparing near isogenic lines and their $F_2$ populations for screening molecular markers were designed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.483-490
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• 2016

On the basis of conducting a comprehensive investigation to agricultural sightseeing garden landscape resources, we established a evaluation index system of agricultural sightseeing garden landscape resources. From the perspective of experts, comparing the importance of all levels indicators, we obtained the weights of landscape resources evaluation index through using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The result showed that the descending order of the weights of influence of agricultural sightseeing garden nineteen evaluation index is: reach ability (0.128), safety (0.083), location (0.078), participatory (0.076), cultural value (0.058), ecological conditions (0.057), scenic beauty (0.0505), environmental quality (0.051), featured properties (0.0501), environmental tolerance (0.048), reputation (0.047), environmental capacity (0.045), humanize (0.041), spots configuration (0.034), applicable travel period (0.033), scientific value (0.032), art value (0.031), holistic (0.03), suitability (0.027), it can provide a framework and basis for the planning, management, protection and exploitation of agricultural sightseeing garden landscape resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 2017

Objective: The study explored the dynamics of shearing force and its correlation with chemical compositions and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of stylo. Methods: The shearing force, diameter, linear density, chemical composition, and IVDMD of different height stylo stem were investigated. Linear regression analysis was done to determine the relationships between the shearing force and cut height, diameter, chemical composition, or IVDMD. Results: The results showed that shearing force of stylo stem increased with plant height increasing and the crude protein (CP) content and IVDMD decreased but fiber content increased over time, resulting in decreased forage value. In addition, tall stem had greater shearing force than short stem. Moreover, shearing force is positively correlated with stem diameter, linear density and fiber fraction, but negatively correlated with CP content and IVDMD. Conclusion: Overall, shearing force is an indicator more direct, easier and faster to measure than chemical composition and digestibility for evaluation of forage nutritive value related to animal performance. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate the nutritive value of stylo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1471-1477
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• 2017

Objective: Since athletic performance is a most importance trait in horses, most research focused on physiological and physical studies of horse athletic abilities. In contrast, the molecular analysis as well as the regulatory pathway studies remain insufficient for evaluation and prediction of horse athletic abilities. In our previous study, we identified AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) gene which was expressed as alternative spliced isoforms in skeletal muscle during exercise. In the present study, we validated two AXL alternative splicing transcripts (named as AXLa for long form and AXLb for short form) in equine skeletal muscle to gain insight(s) into the role of each alternative transcript during exercise. Methods: We validated two isoforms of AXL transcripts in horse tissues by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then cloned the transcripts to confirm the alternative locus and its sequences. Additionally, we examined the expression patterns of AXLa and AXLb transcripts in horse tissues by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Both of AXLa and AXLb transcripts were expressed in horse skeletal muscle and the expression levels were significantly increased after exercise. The sequencing analysis showed that there was an alternative splicing event at exon 11 between AXLa and AXLb transcripts. 3-dimentional (3D) prediction of the alternative protein structures revealed that the structural distance of the connective region between fibronectin type 3 (FN3) and immunoglobin (Ig) domain was different between two alternative isoforms. Conclusion: It is assumed that the expression patterns of AXLa and AXLb transcripts would be involved in regulation of exercise-induced stress in horse muscle possibly through an $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway. Further study is necessary to uncover biological function(s) and significance of the alternative splicing isoforms in race horse skeletal muscle.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. We report here a proteomic approach to investigate the impact of post-fertilization drought on grain quality in rice seed endosperm (Oryza sativa cv. IR-64). Plants were stressed for 4 days at 3 days before heading. Total proteins of endosperm were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Not many protein spots showed differential accumulation in drought-stressed samples. More than 400 protein spots were reproducibly detected, including three that were up-regulated and five down-regulated. Mass spectrometry analysis and database searching helped us to identify six spots representing different proteins. Functionally, the identified proteins were related to protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, such as Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS, Wx protein), which is thought to play a very important role in starch biosynthesis and quality, a very crucial factor in determining rice grain quality.