• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

배경: 허혈성 좌주간 관동맥 협착병변은 돌연사의 위험성이 높아 조속한 재관류를 요한다. 본 교실에서는 단독 좌주간 관동맥 협착병변으로 좌측 내흉동맥에 요골동맥이나 우위대망동맥을 Y모양으로 연결하여 관상동맥우회로 조성술을 시행했던 경우를 분석함으로써 내흉동맥만으로 심근의 혈액요구량을 충분하게 감당할 수 있는지의 여부와 경계부 협착을 보이는 좌주간 관동맥 협착병변에서 경쟁혈류에 의한 우회혈관의 재구성이 초래되는가를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 3월부터 2003년 4월까지 관상동맥우회로 조성술을 시행받은 247명의 환자 중 단독 좌주간 관동맥 협착병변으로 진단되어 동맥이식편만을 이용한 관상동맥우회로 조성술을 시행받은 12명(4.8%)의 환자를 대상으로 하여 의무기록과 본 교실의 database를 기초로 역행성 연구를 시행하였다. 결과: 좌전하행지 문합은 전예에서 인공심폐기를 사용하지 않고 시행하였으나 둔각변연분지 문합 중 2예에서는 인공심폐기 가동 후 심박동하에서 문합하였다. 직경이 1 mm 이상되는 좌회선분지가 없어 문합을 시행하지 못한 1예를 제외한 11예에서 Y-도관을 이용한 완전재관류를 시행하였으며 환자 1인당 문합 수는 평균 2.0개이었다. 좌주간동맥의 협착이 75% 이하이었던 경우에서는 좌전하행지 문합 중 1예에서 좌내흉동맥에 string sign을 보였으며 좌회선분지 문합 7예 중 완전히 막힌 경우 2예, slender sign 1예가 있었으며 문합 원위부 관상동맥 혈류 형태가 도관의존성인 경우는 없었다. 그러나 이와는 반대로 90% 이상의 협착 병변에서는 문합된 관상동맥 모두에서 도관의존성의 원위부 혈류 형태를 보였다. 결론: 90% 이상의 협착을 보인 좌주간동맥 협착병변에서는 동맥이식편을 V-도관으로 만들어 TAR를 시행하더라도 심근의 혈류요구량을 충분하게 감당할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 경계부 협착을 가진 환자의 경우에는 고정된 치료방침을 택하기보다는 면밀한 진단을 통하여 정맥도관이나 동맥도관의 대동맥에 직접 문합 또는 경피적 관동맥중재술과의 보완 치료 등 좀 더 유연하고 신중한 치료방침의 결정이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2002

배경: 그간 관상동맥 우회수술후의 관상동맥 조영술 결과는 주로 우회도관의 개존률에 초점을 맞추어 보고되어 왔다. 그러나 수술후의 관상동맥 조영술 검사로부터 얻을 수 있는 유용한 정보의 폭은 훨씬 넓으며, 이는 수술 전략 설정에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있으리라 생각된다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 11월부터 1999년 3월까지 관상동맥 우회수술을 시행받고 퇴원한 환자 448명중 1개월 이상 경과후 관상동맥 조영술 추적이 이루어진 73명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술후 평균 10.6개월 경과시 관상동맥 조영술 검사가 시행되었고 검사 이유는 협심증의 잔존이나 재발이 54명, 심근관류검사나 초음파검사상의 이상이 13명, 단순한 추적목적이 6명이었다. 결과: 우회도관 개존률은 단순추적검사 환자들에서는 80.9%(내흉동맥 100%, 복재정맥 75.0%), 심근 허혈이 있는 것으로 판단된 환자들에서는 61.6%(내흉동맥 81.1%, 복재정맥 55.3%)였다. 50명(68.5%)의 환자에서 우회도관 조성 근위부의 관상동맥 내경협착이 20% 이상 진행한 곳이 한 군데 이상 나타났다. 수술 전 완전 폐쇄되지 않았던 201개의 관상동맥 분지중 95개(47.3%)에서 협착 정도가 20%이상 진행하였고 이중 64개(31.8%)는 완전 폐쇄로 진행하였다. 협착이 진행하는 빈도는 수술후 경과한 시간이나 수술전의 협착정도와는 연관이 없었고 우회도관이 폐쇄된 경우(36.3%)보다 개통되어 있는 상태(56.5%)에서 더 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 내흉동맥과 복재정맥의 비교시 개존률(83.3% vs 56.6%) 뿐만 아니라 경피적 중재술이 필요한 경우 성공적으로 시행될 확률도 큰 차이를 보였다(100% vs 62%, p<0.05). 결론: 관상동맥 우회술 후 비교적 조기에 우회도관 조성 근위부의 관상동맥 협착이 진행하는 빈도가 상당히 높은 것으로 나타난 만큼 복재정맥의 불량한 장기 개존률을 고려할 때 중등도 이하의 협착을 가진 관상동맥 분지의 우회로 조성에는 신중을 기할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 또한 본 연구 결과 관상동맥 우회수술시 좌전하행지 우회로의 중요성과 함께 내흉동맥의 우수성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.876-880
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• 1995

The optimal surgical approach to the patients with coronary artery disease combined with carotid artery stenosis is controversial. We report two cases of successful surgical management of the patients with combined obstructive coronary and carotid artery disease. The first case was a 69-year-old female who had unstable angina pectoris and a past medical history of left carotid endarterectomy. She was revealed to have triple vessel coronary disease and nearly total occlusion of right internal carotid artery. She was undergone staged right carotid endarterectomy 10 days before coronary bypass surgery. The second case, a 54-year-old male with a past medical history of left hemiparesis and dysarthria, was admitted due to unstable angina pectoris. He was revealed to have triple-vessel coronary disease and more than 90% stenosis of left internal carotid artery and 50% stenosis of right internal carotid artery. In the latter case, a combined coronary bypass surgery and left carotid endarterectomy was done. In both cases, postoperative neurologic complications were not observed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.307-314
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• 1992

The internal mammary artery has been advocated for use in bypass grafting owing to its superior long-term patency when compared to saphenous vein grafts. Concern exists that the flow through internal mammary artery may be inadequate during periods of peak myocardial demand when the internal mammary artery graft was used for proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis. This flow adequacy was investigated in 13 consecutive patients with a mean proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis of 84.2% who were selected for coronary bypass using internal mammary artery. We checked flow and diameter of left internal mammary artery without intraluminal dilatation just before anastomosis to left anterior descending artery during cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinical results were evaluated postoperatively with clinical symptoms, echocardiographies, stress tests, and coronary angiographies. The mean internal mammary artery flow measured just before anastomosis was 38ml/ min[range of 20 to 80ml /min] and its mean internal diameter 1.4mm. Maximal workload was improved from preoperative value of 6.3$\pm$2.5METS to postoperative value of 9.1$\pm$1.4 METS in 9 patients who Paired-test can be used. Cardiac symptoms recurred in two patients after bypass surgery, but they were not related to left internal mammary artery grafts. All patients were discharged in postoperatively 9.3 days[range of 7 to 20 days] after operation without mortality. Thus, on the basis of these findings, the internal mammary artery is a reasonable graft that we can routinely use for proximal left descending artery stenosis if internal diameter of the internal mammary artery is more than 1.0mm and its flow is more than 20ml /min at mean arterial pressure of 50 to 60mmHg during cardiopulmonary bypass.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.148-153
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• 1993

To compare two methods of mammary pedicle graft preparations with free internal mammary artery flow, we studied 31 patients who had the left internal mammary artery harvested for coronary artery bypass grafting. The free flow was measured at the transected opening of 2 to 3 cm distal to the point of bifurcation on mean arterial pressure of 50 to 55 mmHg during cardiopulmonary bypass. Group I comprised 14 patients, whose grafts were sprayed and wrapped in sponges soaked in diluted papaverine solution (60 mg in 40 ml Hartmann's solution). An average 80 minutes after the preparations, free flow of the internal mammary artery ranged from 20 to 80 ml/min (mean 37.7 ml/min). Group II comprised 17 patients, who had internal mammary artery takedown under the exact conditions used in group I. The grafts were sprayed and wrapped in sponges soaked in the diluted papaverine solution as in group I. After an average of 28 minutes, free flow ranged from 8 to 28 ml/min (mean 17.6 ml/min). Intraluminal papaverine of the same dilution was then injected without any hydrostatic dilatation and flows increased upto 37 to 150 ml/min (mean 74.7 ml/min). This study shows that intraluminal papaverine preparation method markedly increases free mammary artery flow which is inadequate with external papaverine preparation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.898-901
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• 2002

관상동맥 우회술에서 동맥도관만을 사용하는 방법은 동맥편이 가진 도관개통률의 우수성 때문에 복재정맥을 혼합하여 사용하는 관상동맥 우회술에 비해 좋은 단기 성적은 물론이고, 향상된 장기 성적을 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 때때로 내흉동맥 또는 다른 동맥편들의 사용이 가능하지 않은 경우가 있고, 특히 당뇨환자에서 양측 내흉동맥의 사용은 술 후 종격동염을 비롯한 합병증을 우려하여 사용이 꺼려지기도 한다. 또한 관상동맥 우회술의 재수술의 경우에는 사용가능한 동맥편 수의 제한이 문제가 되는데 이러한 경우 대체동맥편으로서 흉배동맥을 사용할 수 있으며, 저자들은 흉배동맥을 사용하여 시행했던 3례의 관상동맥 우회술을 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.351-367
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• 2012

This second report in the series on coronary artery bypass presents the authors experience and personal views on the internal thoracic artery (ITA) which date to 1966. There has been a very gradual evolution in the acceptance of this conduit which was initially compared with the saphenous vein and viewed as an improbable alternative to it. As is common with concepts and techniques which are 'outside the box' there was skepticism and criticism of this new conduit which was more difficult and time consuming to harvest for the surgeon who had to do it all. It was viewed as small, fragile, spastic and its flow capacity was questioned. Only a few surgeons employed it because of these issues and some of them would frequently graft it to the diagonal artery as it was thought not to supply adequate flow for the left anterior descending unless it was small. After a decade, angiographic data revealed superior patency to vein grafts. Even this evidence and survival benefit reported a few years later did not convince many surgeons that their concerns about limitations justified its use. Thus widespread adaption of the ITA as the conduit of choice for the anterior descending required another decade and bilateral use is only now expanding to more than 5% of patients in the US and somewhat faster in other countries.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.106-110
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• 2014

Background: There are several modalities of coronary artery revascularization for multivessel coronary artery disease. Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting was introduced for high-risk patients, and recently, many centers have been using it. Limited incisional full sternotomy coronary artery bypass (LIFCAB) involves left internal thoracic artery (LITA)-to-left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) anastomosis through a sternotomy with a minimal skin incision; it could be considered another technique for minimally invasive LITA-to-LAD anastomosis. Our center has performed HCR using LIFCAB, and in this paper, we report our short-term results, obtained in the past 3 years. Methods: The medical records of 38 patients from May 2010 to June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The observation period after HCR was 1 to 37 months (average, $18.3{\pm}10.3$ months). The patency of revascularization was confirmed with postoperative coronary angio-computerized tomography or coronary angiography. Results: There were 3 superficial wound complications, but no mortalities. All the LITA-to-LAD anastomoses were patent in the immediate postoperative and follow-up studies, but stenosis was detected in 3 cases of percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusion: HCR using LIFCAB is safe and yields satisfactory results from the viewpoint of revascularization for multivessel disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2013

This is the third in a series on coronary artery bypass which reviews three alternative arterial conduits. The radial artery has become the most widely used of the three and accumulating experience demonstrates better patency at 10 years versus saphenous vein. Drawbacks are a long incision on the forearm, the propensity for spasm and persistent sensory disturbance in about 10%. The first is answered by endoscopic harvest which may yield a shorter conduit but reduces sensory nerve injury. Spasm is managed pharmacologically and by less harvest trauma. The gastroepiploic artery is used in situ and free and although the abdominal cavity is entered complications are minimal and patency compares favorably with the radial artery. Use of the inferior epigastric artery remains minimal and its similar length often requires composite use but limited patency data are supportive. Other arteries have had rare use and this is unlikely to change because the three presented here have significant advantages and acceptance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.460-462
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• 2017

We herein present the unique case of a 68-year-old male diabetic patient who developed sterile necrosis of the sternum 1 month after myocardial revascularization with the use of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts. The sternum had been closed by the bilateral Robicsek wiring technique. The sternum was removed, and bilateral pectoralis major flaps were used to cover the defect. The patient had an uneventful recovery.