• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.51-63
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• 1999

The effects of high filler loading technique on the reliability of epoxy molding compound (EMC) as a microelectronic encapsulant was investigated. The method of high filler loading was established by the improvement of maximum packing fraction using the simplified packing model proposed by Ouchiyama, et al. With the maximum packing fraction of filler, the viscosity of EMC wart lowered and the flowability was improved. As the amount of filler in EMC increased, several properties such as internal stress and moisture absorption were improved. However, the adhesive strength with the alloy 42 leadframe decreased when the filler content was beyond the critical value. It was found that the appropriate content of filler was important to improve the reilability of EMC, and the optimum filler combination should be selected to obtain high reliable EMC filled with high volume fraction of filler.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.131-134
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• 2014

The thermal death kinetics of the Black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus, was investigated to develop a heat treatment for control of infested wood packing materials used to export goods. To determine the feasibility of microwave irradiation as an alternative control method, laboratory experiments irradiating wooden blocks of Douglas fir ($200{\times}200{\times}250mm$), which were artificially infested with adults, with 2.45 GHz of microwave energy. All (100%) Ambrosia beetle adults were killed by both hot water treatments and microwave irradiation at $52^{\circ}C$ and $58^{\circ}C$, respectively. Probit analyses estimated the internal wood temperature required to produce Probit (0.99) efficacy to be $64.7^{\circ}C$ (95% CI $62.4-69.9^{\circ}C$) at one minute after microwave treatment.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1985

By using the hollow shaft with $0.5^{\circ}$ internal taper, ball valve and rubber packing, charging the working fluid at engineering vacuum degree (vacuum pressure higher than 1 torr) and carrying out experiments, it was investigated the performance of rotating heat pipe with variant operating conditions. In this experiment, it was shown that it is impossible the internal liquid flow was laminar film flow which agree with the assumption of present theoretical analyses, but the internal vorticity makes the heat transfer increase and for the maximum heat transfer there is optimal mass loading for the given heat pipe geometry and operational conditions.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2019

Wind loading is one of important loadings that should be considered in the design of large hyperbolic natural-draught cooling towers. Both external and internal surfaces of cooling tower are under the action of wind loading for cooling circulating water. In the previous studies, the wind loads on the external surface attracted concernedly attention, while the study on the internal surface was relatively ware. In the present study, the wind pressure on the internal surface of a 220 m high cooling tower is measured through wind tunnel testing, and the effect of ventilation rate of the packing layer on internal pressure is a major concern. The characteristics of internal wind pressure distribution and its effect on wind-induced responses calculated by finite element method are investigated. The results indicate that the wind loading on internal surface of the cooling tower behaves remarkable three-dimensional effect, and the pressure coefficient varies along both of height and circumferential directions. The non-uniformity is particularly strong during the construction stage. Analysis results of the effect of internal pressure on wind-induced responses show that the size and distribution characteristics of internal pressure will have some influence on wind-induced response, however, the outer pressure plays a dominant role in the wind-induced response of cooling tower, and the contribution of internal pressure to the response is small.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.350-354
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• 2014

Background The authors sought to compare the use of the nonabsorbable polyvinyl alcohol sponge (PVA, Merocel) and absorbable synthetic polyurethane foam (SPF, Nasopore Forte plus) as intranasal splints after closed reduction of fractured nasal bones during the hospitalization period. Methods The medical records of 111 patients who underwent closed reduction for nasal bone fracture at Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. PVA (group A) or SPF (group B) was packed as an internal splint after closed reduction. The efficacy of the materials was compared and statistically analyzed. Results PVA was used in 82 patients, and SPF was used in 29 patients. The patients in group B complained significantly more of nasal pain on the first day after operation than the patients in group A. Headaches on the operation day were significantly more painful in group B than in group A. Bleeding on the fourth postoperative day was significantly reduced in group B as compared to group A. The patients in group B exhibited significantly more intensive nasal obstruction on the operation day and the following day than the patients in group A. However, on the third and fourth postoperative days, the nasal obstruction in group B was less than that in group A. The pain and bleeding related to the packing material was significantly reduced in group B as compared to group A. Conclusions The use of SPF as an absorbable packing material is a reasonable substitute for the traditional nonabsorbable material.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.926-934
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• 1991

The effect of aggregates on the forming and sintering behaviors of BaTiO3 was studied. Aggregates and deaggregates of fine crystallite were obtained by thermal decomposition of oxalate coprecipitates and subsequently crushing them with a press, respectively. Large voids formed by packing of aggregates were not easily eliminated despite the successive destruction of aggregates with increasing forming pressure. As a result, compacts of aggregates showed inhomogeneity with larger mid-pore size and broader pore size distribution with respect to those of deaggregates. This inhomogeneity caused differential shrinkage and consequental internal stress, which retarded densification. The differential sintering increased the size of mid-pores in the initial stage, and formed duplex structure composed of dense region with abnormally grown grains and porous region with fine grains. The driving force of this abnormal grain growth shown in the specimens of aggregates was attributed to the minimization of the elastic strain energy due to internal stress.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2013

This study has been performed for 150 days from February 1 - June 31, 2012 aiming at analyzing biologically hazardous factors in order to develop HACCP system for the vinegared pickle radishes. A process chart was prepared as shown on Fig. 1 by referring to manufacturing process of manufacturer of general vinegared pickle radishes regarding process of raw agricultural products of vinegared pickle radishes, used water, warehousing of additives and packing material, storage, careful selection, washing, peeling off, cutting, sorting out, stuffing (filling), internal packing, metal detection, external packing, storage and consignment (delivery). As a result of measuring Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, Yeast and Mold before and after washing raw radishes, Bacillus cereus was $5.00{\times}10$ CFU/g before washing but it was not detected after washing and Yeast and Mold was $3.80{\times}10^2$ CFU/g before washing but it was reduced to 10 CFU/g after washing and other pathogenic bacteria was not detected. As a result of testing microorganism variation depending on pH (2-5) of seasoning fluid (condiment), pH 3-4 was determined as pH of seasoning fluid as all the bacteria was not detected in pH3-4. As a result of testing air-borne bacteria (number of general bacteria, colon bacillus, fungus) depending on each workplace, number of microorganism of internal packing room, seasoning fluid processing room, washing room and storage room was detected to be 10 CFU/Plate, 2 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate and 20 CFU/Plate, respectively. As a result of testing palm condition of workers, as number of general bacteria and colon bacillus was represented to be high as 346 $CFU/Cm^2$ and 23 $CFU/Cm^2$, respectively, an education and training for individual sanitation control was considered to be required. As a result of inspecting surface pollution level of manufacturing facility and devices, colon bacillus was not detected in all the specimen but general bacteria was most dominantly detected in PP Packing machine and Siuping machine (PE Bulk) as $4.2{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, $2.6{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, respectively. As a result of analyzing above hazardous factors, processing process of seasoning fluid where pathogenic bacteria may be prevented, reduced or removed is required to be controlled by CCP-B (Biological) and threshold level (critical control point) was set at pH 3-4. Therefore, it is considered that thorough HACCP control plan including control criteria (point) of seasoning fluid processing process, countermeasures in case of its deviation, its verification method, education/training and record control would be required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1346-1353
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• 1993

Recently , it has been popular for family use to sell a watermelon by the piece such as a half or a quarter. Therefore, it has been necessary to detect and sort out hollow or overripened watermelons before they are shipped. Previously, inspection and rejection of hollow or overripened watermelons were carried out by skilled inspectors with their experience and intuition based on the traditional slapping method. In recent years many inspectors have became older and are going to retire. Thus automatic quality measuring devices have to be developed. There are many reports on the measurement of internal quality for watermelons with non-destructive methods. However, there is no online device to detect and measure both hollow and ripeness of watermelons until now. We have developed the model MWA-9002 online device to detect hollow and measuring the ripeness of watermelons by acoustic impulse. The developed of this devices has enables accurate distinction and rejection at the same level of the skilled inspectors, and also has saved labor. Nowadays nine automatic watermelon sorting and packing facilities applied this device have installed in Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

The lifetime incidence of epistaxis in dental and maxillofacial practice has been reported to be as high as 60% and can be caused by dental implant placement, Le Fort I osteotomy, intranasal supernumerary tooth, odontogenic tumors, blood disorders and maxillofacial trauma. Most epistaxis cases are minor and easily managed with direct compression on the nares for 10 minutes. For more significant or recurrent epistaxis, other techniques might include electrocautery, anterior or posterior nasal packing, or Foley catheter balloon. For patients with refractory epistaxis, cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery under endonasal endoscopy or embolization of the internal maxillary artery should be performed. Epistaxis control is required in patients diagnosed with inherited or acquired bleeding disorders or with drug-induced coagulopathies during dental procedures. In these cases, hemostatic system adjustment and hemostasis achieved by local and adjunctive methods are required. Dentists and maxillofacial surgeons must be aware that the nasal cavity is a potential source of perioperative hemorrhage. Depending on the invasiveness of the dental intervention, preoperative involvement of the hematologist and cardiologist is usually necessary to reverse anticoagulation or to cease anticoagulant therapy.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

Purpose: In most cases of nasal bone fracture, closed reduction with internal or external splint fixation approach is selected. However, because of indiscriminate insertion of the internal splint without considering of anatomical difference or deformity, insufficient fixation happens frequently that need additional fixation. Therefore, we suggest a new method for providing adequate support in reduced nasal bone by carving $Merocel^{(R)}$ that is fixed for the anatomical structure. Method: Closed reduction and internal fixation with carved $Merocel^{(R)}$ was performed in 15 nasal bone fracture patients from March, 2010 to July, 2010. Each patient was evaluated by physical examination, facial photographic check, simple X-ray, and computerized tomography. On the first day post-operation, location of packing and amount of reduction were checked by follow up X-ray and computerized tomography. In addition, patients' symptoms were evaluated. During the 3-month post-op follow up at out-patient clinic, operator, 2 doctors in training and one assistant performed the objective evaluations by physical examination on nasal dorsal hump, nasal deviation, nasal depression, nasal breath difficulty, and nasal airway obstruction. A survey of subjective patients' satisfaction in 4-stages was also performed. Results: The results of follow-up computerized tomography of the 15 patients revealed that 11 patients had good reduced state. Three patients with combined maxillary frontal process fracture had over reductions. A survey performed on the first day post-operation showed that 14 of 15 patients answered that their current symptoms were more than tolerable. At the 3-month follow-up physical exam, one case had a dorsal hump. However, there were no nasal deviations, nasal depressions, nasal breath difficulties, or nasal airway obstructions. Twelve of the 15 patients answered more than moderate on the 3-month survey. Conclusion: Intranasal packing after carving the $Merocel^{(R)}$ considering anatomical structure is a new effective method to promote proper-reduction, maintain stability, and minimize patients' symptoms by addition of a simple procedure.