• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2005

Penetrating chest trauma by stab injury may result in massive hemothorax from damage to single or multiple intrathoracic organs such as heart, aorta, internal mammary artery, intercostal artery or pulmonary parenchyme. Prognosis of massive hemothorax necessitating emergency thoracotomy is fatal especially so if there exists concomitant underlying compromise of cardiopulmonary function. A 56 year old man with destroyed left lung due to old pulmonary tuberculosis was stabbed in right parasternal lesion through third intercostal space. Intubation with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and closed thoracostomy were performed to resuscitate from cardiac asystole from hemorrhagic shock and acute respiratory distress. Midsternotomy was made to expose active bleeding foci in right mammary artery, subclavian vein, intercostal artery and anterior segment of right upper lung showing severe bullous change and pleural adhesion. Postoperative care included ventilator support, inotropic instillation and cautious, balance fluid therapy ; successful extubation was done on third postoperative day and patient was discharged on tenth postoperative day without any complication.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.351-367
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• 2012

This second report in the series on coronary artery bypass presents the authors experience and personal views on the internal thoracic artery (ITA) which date to 1966. There has been a very gradual evolution in the acceptance of this conduit which was initially compared with the saphenous vein and viewed as an improbable alternative to it. As is common with concepts and techniques which are 'outside the box' there was skepticism and criticism of this new conduit which was more difficult and time consuming to harvest for the surgeon who had to do it all. It was viewed as small, fragile, spastic and its flow capacity was questioned. Only a few surgeons employed it because of these issues and some of them would frequently graft it to the diagonal artery as it was thought not to supply adequate flow for the left anterior descending unless it was small. After a decade, angiographic data revealed superior patency to vein grafts. Even this evidence and survival benefit reported a few years later did not convince many surgeons that their concerns about limitations justified its use. Thus widespread adaption of the ITA as the conduit of choice for the anterior descending required another decade and bilateral use is only now expanding to more than 5% of patients in the US and somewhat faster in other countries.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.271-275
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• 1993

In this country, the number of patients with coronary artery disease is progressively increasing with the change of life style and improvement of the diagnostic procedures. In addition, the medically invasive procedure for treating ischemic heart disease was rapidly developed and the surgical patients have more complex and multiple lesions and more surgical risks. Fifty three patients with ischemic heart disease underwent coronary bypass grafting [CABG] for recent 24 months. Twenty patients had three-vessel disease, 17 patients two-vessel disease, and 2 patients single-vessel disease. The average number of distal anastomoses was 3.3 per patient with the range of I to 6 grafts. Forty-one patients [77.4 %] had preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction of 50 % or more and 14 patients[26.4%] had a significant left main coronary lesion. Saphenous vein grafts were employed in 52/53 patients [98.1%] and internal mammary grafts, which were anastomosed to left anterior descending artery, in 38/53 patients[71.7%]. Two patients, whom percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty failed for, underwent emergency CABG with only saphenous vein grafts and both patients survived.The hospital mortality was 1.9 % and there was no late death. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 1.9%. All survivors were asymptomatic[in 83% of the patients] and/or improved over their preoperative status. Twenty-nine patients were included in blood conservation group and 21 patients [72.4 %] underwent CABG without any homologous blood transfusion. Our early result of coronary bypass grafting was comparable to that which was reported in other coronary surgery units.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1984

Aneurysms of the subclavian artery are rare in comparison with other peripheral aneurysm. Most of these aneurysms arise from atherosclerosis, thoracic outlet obstruction, or trauma. We have experienced two cases of false aneurysms occurring the subclavian artery. One was occurred in right subclavian artery distal to right thyrocervical trunk due to trauma [falling] and was corrected with resection of the aneurysm and replacement with right external jugular vein. The other was occurred in the left subclavian artery lateral to the left internal mammary artery with complication of left hemothorax probably due to infection and was corrected with resection of aneurysm and replacement with Dacron graft. Postoperative course of both were uneventful without complication.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.320-323
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• 1995

We report a case of recurred Takayasu,s arteritis.The patient was 28-year-old female underwent aorto-left common carotid and aorto-left subclavian bypass graft replacement 1 year ago.Unfortunately, she was readmitted because of newly developing angina and both eye claudication severe headache. Aorto-coronary angiogram showed complete obstruction of left common carotid artery ,stenosis of right carotid artery bifurcation and ostial stenosis of right coronary artery.Bilateral carotid arteries bypass graft with great saphenous vein and right coronary artery bypass graft with right internal mammary artery were done at same the time and she discharged after 21 days without any problem.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.994-1000
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• 1995

Thirty patients with ischemic heart disease underwent coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG from 1985 through 1994. There were 16 males and 14 females whose age ranged from 41 to 72 years old. Preoperative diagnoses were unstable angina in 13 of patients, stable angina in 8, postmyocardial infarction state in 7, and state of failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [ PTCA in 2. The patterns of disease were single vessel involvement [ 17cases , double vessel involvement [ 7 cases , triple vessel involvement [ 3 cases , Lt main lesion including Lt. ostial lesion [ 3 cases . Saphenous vein grafts were used in 27/30 patients [ 90% , and internal mammary artery grafts were used in 6/30 patients [ 20% . The hospital mortality was 13.3% and all survivors were asymptomatic and improved over their preoperative status.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.349-354
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• 1993

From July 1992 through January 1993, 11 patients with unstable angina received aorto-coronary bypass surgery at Dong-A University Hospital. There were 5 males and 6 females whose age ranged from 36 to 76 years old. Of the 11 patients, 3 were Functional class IL 5 were Functional class 111.3 were Functional class IV. Preoperative coronary angiography showed a significant stenosis of the left anterior descending artery in 9 cases, of its diagonal branch in I case, of the circumfiex artery in 3 cases, and of its obtuse marginal branch in 2 cases, of the right coronary artery in 4 cases, and of left main coronary artery in 3 cases. There were 4 cases of single vessel disease, 1 double vessel disease, 3 triple vessel disease and 3 left main disease. A single graft was placed in 1 patient, a double graft in 5, a triple graft in 2, and a quadriple graft in 3 patients. Left internal mammary artery plus saphenous vein graft were used in 4 patients. Postoperative complications were mediastinitis in 1, sternal instability in 2, pneumonia in 1, arrythmia in I case.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 1992

With use of a simple, inexpensive and nonpharmacological program for blood conservation, 24 consecutive patients underwent elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting without need of homologous red cell transfusions and /or fresh frozen plasma transfusions in 16 patients[66.7%]. Left internal mammary artery graftings were done in 18 patients[75%], with supplemental saphenous vein grafts in all. Intraoperatively, autologous heparinized blood was removed before bypass and retransfused at the conclusion of ext-racorporeal circulation. The volume remaining in the oxygenator and tubing set was returned without cell processing or hemofiltration. Using the hard-shell cardiotomy reservoir from the oxygenator, autotransfusion of the shed mediastinal blood was continued hourly by the next early;norning. The mean postoperative mediastinal blood loss was 364$\pm$234ml, whereas 553$\pm$383ml was autotransfused. 4 patients [16.7%] received homologous blood and an additional 4 patients[16.7%] fresh frozen plasma. Thus, in total, 16 patients[66.7%] were not exposed to any homologous blood products during the hospital stay. At discharge, the mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.3$\pm$1.6g /dl. Postoperative complications were few and there was no hospital death.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.779-784
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• 2002

최근 들어 관상동맥 질환자의 수가 급격히 증가하면서 관상동맥 우회술의 수도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 그러나 관상동맥 우회술은 영구적인 완전 교정술이 아니기 때문에 재수술이 필요할 수 있다. 저자들은 관상 동맥우회 재수술의 임상결과를 후향적 방법으로 고찰하여 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1991년 1월부터 2001년 4월까지 연세 심장혈관 병원에서 관상동맥우회 재수술을 시행 받은 14명을 대상으로 하였으며 (남자:12명, 여자:2명), 평균 연령은 61.7$\pm$7.1(47~72세) 세였다. 처음 수술 받은 날부터 재수술시까지의 평균 기간은 121.9$\pm$50.5(6.1~179.6 개월) 개월이었다. 재수술시 13명의 환자들은 일반적인 심폐체외순환하에 수술을 하였고 1명의 환자는 심폐체외순환 없이 수술을 시행하였다. 동반 수술로는 1명의 환자에서 승모판막 재치환술을 시행하였고, 1명의 환자에서는 승모판막륜 성형술을 시행하였다. 재수술은 모두 정중 흉골절개하에 시행하였다. 재수술시 사용한 이식 혈관은 좌측 내흉동맥과 대 복재정맥을 사용한 경우가 6례, 좌측 내흉동맥과 좌측 요골 동맥을 사용한 경우가 2례, 좌측 내흉 동맥과 위장관 동맥을 사용한 경우가 1례, 대 복재정맥만을 사용한 경우가 5례(1례는 cephalic vein도 같이 사용) 있었으며, 평균 이식 편수는 2.1$\pm$0.9(1~4개) 개였다. 결과: 14명의 환자들 중에서 수술과 관련한 사망이나 조기 사망은 없었으며, 합병증은 신부전증, 호흡부전 및 경막하 출혈이 각각 1례 있었다. 평균 추적 관찰 기간은 40.1$\pm$38.6(1.1~l18.5) 개월 이었다. 추적기간 중 1명의 환자가 재수술 후 13개월에 협심증이 재발했고, 2명의 환자가 재수술 후 14.8개월 및 116.3개월에 만성 신부전증으로 사망하였다. 추적 기간 중에 3명의 환자에서 관상동맥 조영술을 시행하였는데 이식 혈관들은 모두 개존성을 보였다. 마지막 외래 내원시 생존 환자들의 평균 Canadian class는 1.3이었고, 재수술 후 9년까지 사건(event)이 없을 확률은 71.4$\pm$6.9%였으며, 생존률은 90.0$\pm$9.5%였다. 결론: 관상동맥우회 재수술은 수술 후에 환자 상태의 호전을 기대할 수 있고, 장기간의 생존률도 우수하기에, 수술적응이 된다면 수술을 적극적으로 고려하여야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2003

목적 : 본 연구에서는 호흡멈춤 K-space 분할 2D-FASTCARD 자기공명영상 기법에 의한 관상동맥우회로내의 혈류개방성 검사의 임상 적 유용성을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 관상동맥우회로 시술을 한 38명의 환자에서 내유동맥의 수는 36개이었고 대복제정맥편은 56개였다. 2차원 FASTCARD 기법을 이용하여 sagittal과 transverse평면에서 13-18초 동안 호흡을 멈추고 영상을 심장박동주기에 맞추어 획득하였다. 신호크기-영상의 hard copy를 이용하여 관상동맥우회로가 예상되는 지점에서 혈류에 의한 작은 원형부분이 밝게 보이면 해당 graft가 개방되었다고 판독하였다. 결과: 시술 환자의 다양한 관상동맥우회술의 양상에 따라 분류하여 Sagittal평면과 transverse 평면에서 내유동맥편과 대복제정맥편의 개방성을 검사하였다 좌회선지관상동맥의 분지로 연결되는 대복제정맥편은 Sagittal평면에서, 좌전하행지 관상동맥 혹은 그의 분지나 우관상동맥으로 연결되는 내유동맥편 혹은 대복제정맥편은 transverse평면에서 최대 감도의 개방성 영상을 보였다. 전체 38명의 환자 중에 23명의 영상획득 가능환자에서 45개의 관상동맥우회로가 보였으며 9개가 보이지 않았다. 증상이 있던 두 명의 환자중 2개의 관상 동맥우회로가 보이지 않았다. 결론: 호흡멈춤 K-space 분할 2D-FASTCARD 자기공명영상 기법으로 관상동맥우회로의 혈류 개방성의 비침습적 평가가 가능하다. 그러나 이 방법으로 보이지 않는 관상동맥 우회로는 조영제를 사용한 자기공명 혈관조영술이나 일반 혈관조영술등의 방법으로 그 진위를 재검사하여 확진하는 것이 필요하다.