• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• v.93 no.6
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• pp.582-582
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• 2018

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.374-378
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• 2013

Purpose: Human body have biological rhythmic pattern in a day, which is affected by internal and external environmental factors. We investigated whether respiratory function was fluctuated according to the influence of time-of-day (around at 9 am, 1 pm, and 6 pm) in health subjects, using pulmonary function test (PFT). Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers (8 men, mean ages; $22.4{\pm}1.6$, mean heights; $166.61{\pm}9.60$, mean weight; $59.3{\pm}10.3$) were recruited. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was measured at three time points in day, around 9 am, 1 pm, and 6 pm in calm research room with condition of under 55dB noise level, using a spirometer (Vmax 229, SensorMecis, USA). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FVC/FEV1, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were acquired. Results: In comparison of raw value of PFT among three time points, subjects showed generally better respiratory function at 9 am, than at other points, although no significance was found. In comparison of distribution of ranking for respiratory function in each individual, only PEF showed significant difference. In general, distributional ratio of subjects who showed best performance of respiratory function in a day was high. Conclusion: These findings showed that circadian rhythm by diurnal pattern was not detected on respiratory function throughout all day. But, best performance on respiratory function was observed mostly in the morning, although statistical significance did not exist.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

All the organisms on the earth are affected by the repeating signals from the ambient environment caused by the movements of the sun and the earth. Their physiological and behavioral activities such as reproduction, functional pathway of various molecules, and developmental stage, are reflected by the cyclicity whether it is daily(circadian) or annual rhythms. An essential function of circadian rhythms is to provide an internal estimate of the external local time, thereby allowing the organism to program its activities so that they occur at an appropriate time in the daily environment. Of many rhythmic patterns, the circadian rhythms are considered in this review, focusing on the limit cycle, which is a model to investigate the entrainment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.138-143
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• 2001

Red sea bream, Pagrus major a fish species characterized by its dualistic feeding pattern, was investigated to study the synchronizing effect of light and food on the demand-feeding rhythm. Nocturnal and diurnal red sea bream, both in groups and individually, were exposed to restricted-feeding and Light-Dark cycles of different periods. The phase relationship between both zeitgebers was also studied. In some cases, food availability restricted to the light or dark phase contrary to that of the previous feeding phase changed a diurnal feeding pattern into nocturnal and vice versa, suggesting that food can be one of the switching factors that decides whether the circadian system of red sea bream is diurnal or nocturnal. However, the fact that the feeding pattern of some fish was unrelated with the phase in which food was available suggests that other internal and/or external-factors could be involved in the temporal flexibility of red sea bream.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.604-611
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between headache and gastric dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia by using electrogastrogram and bowel sounds analysis. Methods : 127 patients(male 40, female 87) with functional dyspepsia were enrolled. By using inquiry and the questionnaire, we examined whether each patient had headache and abdominal pain. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the above symptoms. Gastric motility was measured during the fasting-postprandial state by using electrogastrogram and bowel sounds analysis. Results : 33 patients complained of headache. There was a significant difference between headache patients and non-headache patients in gastric arrhythmia of the fasting state. Moreover, in headache patients without abdominal pain, postprandial improvement of gastric arrhythmia was poorer than the other groups. So, headache patients without abnormal pain had more severe gastric myoelectrical rhythm disorder than headache patients with abdominal pain. Conclusion : Headache could be one of symptoms induced by gastric dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia. Especially, headache in functional dyspepsia was related to gastric arrhythmia.

• International Journal of Arrhythmia
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2016

Atrial fibrillation (AF) can occur in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which is a serious medical condition and may require the use of antiplatelet agents in addition to anticoagulants for stroke prevention. Recently, novel or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been increasingly used for stroke prevention in patients with AF instead of traditional OACs. The duration of treatment or treatment with a stepwise approach (e.g. triple, double, or monotherapy) is determined depending on the clinical setting and the balance between the risks of ischemic stroke and bleeding. However, some concerns and controversies in the use of NOACs in patients with AF and ACS need to be addressed. Here, the current management for NOAC therapy in patients with ACS and AF will be reviewed based on recently published guidelines.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.152-154
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• 2015

Arrhythmias are complications of tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheter insertion. Most complications associated with arrhythmias occur during guide-wire access, where the guide wire can cause traumatic damage to the conduction system of the heart. Conducting system injury in tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheter insertion often involves the right bundle, causing right bundle branch block (RBBB). Transient RBBB with sinus rhythm is not usually accompanied by abnormal vital signs. However if patients already have left bundle branch block (LBBB), new onset RBBB can cause complete atrioventricular block (AVB), which can lead to fatal complications requiring invasive treatment. We report on a patient with LBBB who developed complete AVB during hemodialysis catheter insertion.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.331-343
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: The prognostic implication of right atrial (RA) and left atrial (LA) size for an immediate success of direct current cardioversion (DCCV) in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare RA and LA size for the prediction of DCCV success. Methods: Between 2012 and 2018, 734 consecutive outpatients were screened for our prospective registry. Each eligible patient received a medical history, blood analysis, and transthoracic echocardiography with a focus on indexed RA (iRA) area and LA volume (iLAV) prior to DCCV with up to three biphasic shocks (200-300-360 J) or additional administration of amiodarone or flecainide to restore sinus rhythm. Results: We enrolled 589 patients, and DCCV was in 89% (n=523) successful. Mean age was 68 ± 10 years, and 40% (n=234) had New York heart association class >II. A prevalence of the male sex (64%, n=376) and of persistent AF (86%, n=505) was observed. Although DCCV success was associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-3.65), with absence of coronary heart disease and normal left ventricular function (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.26-4.25), with short AF duration (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.05-4.04) in univariable regression, only iRA area remained a stable and independent predictor of DCCV success (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12-0.69; area under the curve 0.71), but not iLAV size (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.56) in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: iRA area is superior to iLAV for the prediction of immediate DCCV success in AF.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.52-62
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• 1991

The toxic effect of azalea extract, expecially on cardiovascular system, is relatively unclear. The purpose of this study is to study the possible underlying mechanism and effect of toxic ingredient of azalea on cardiovascular system. The 71 healthy rabbits were divided into 10 groups : In group as preliminary study ; 4cc of normal saline was administered intravenously(N) ; 0.7gm/kg and 1.0gm/kg of azalea extract was administered respectively in the same route, volume(A1, A2) ; atropine was administered intravenously(A) ; after pretreatment with atropine(0.04mg/kg) to block parasympathetic system, azalea extract was injected like the above groups(AA1, AA2) ; normal saline, 0.7gm/kg and 1.0gm/kg of azalea extract were administered respectively with 0.2cc(1 : 1000) epinephrine(E0,E1,E2). We measured the following indices at I minute interval during first 10 minutes and then 10 minute interval during next 30 minutes : RR interval, QTc interval, maximal systolic and diastolic pressure drop with occuring time and presence of significant arrhythmia. The results were as follows : 1. The changes of RR interval, QTc interval were significantly increased in groups by Azalea extract. The blood pressure change was significantly decreased in groups by Azalea extract. There were no significant differences according to dosage of Azalea extract. 2. The changes of RR interval, blood pressure were significant differences between administration of atropine and Azalea extract after pretreatment with atropine, but not in the change of QTc interval. 3. There were no significant differences in the change of RR interval, ATc interval, blood pressure drop according to pretreatment with atropine. 4. The interaction between epineprine and Azalea extract was not noted by the effect of epineprine itself. 5. The ST change by 0.7gm/kg, 1.0gm/kg of Azalea extract was revealed in 1 case(14.0%), 7 case(100%), respectively. 6. Most of all cases with arrhthymia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, were noted in the group by epineprine, except one case by Azalea extract(1.0gm/kg). It was idioventricular rhythm. In conclusion, azalea extract has negative inotropic and chronotropic effect with arrhythmogenic potential possibly through direct myocardial ischemia or injury but we cann't be absolutely exclusive of actions of autonmic nervous system, especially parasympathetic nervous system.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2023

A 12-year-old Standard Poodle presented with intermittent weakness and occasional dyspnea at the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Kangwon National University. A grade of 4 out of 6 systolic murmur with an irregular tachycardic rhythm was auscultated on both sides of the chest. Systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg. Panting was noticed in the hospital, but there was no crackle sound. Blood analysis revealed mild increases in liver panel levels (alanine aminotransferase 149 [reference interval, 19-70] U/L; and alkaline phosphatase, 185 [reference interval, 15-127] U/L) and severe increases in cardiac biomarker levels (n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, 4169 [reference interval, 50-900] pmol/L; and cardiac troponin I, 0.22 [reference interval, 0.03-0.12] ng/mL). On electrocardiography, irregularly irregular supraventricular tachycardic rhythm with an f-wave and no distinct p-wave was observed. Generalized cardiomegaly with an enlarged right atrium and left ventricle was confirmed on thoracic radiography. Moreover, hepatomegaly and an enlarged caudal vena cava were observed. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a fibromuscular diaphragm in the right ventricle. Because of the obstructive lesion in the right ventricle, the right atrium and ventricle were enlarged (right atrial area index, 38.82 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.2-10.2 cm²/m²]; right ventricle end-diastolic area index, 14.152 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.9-10.92 cm²/m²]). Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). Pimobendan, furosemide, enalapril, diltiazem, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) were prescribed, and all symptoms were relieved. DCRV is a right-sided congenital heart defect resembling pulmonic valve stenosis. If symptoms are not severe, medical therapy can be facilitated without surgery or the balloon dilation.