• Title/Summary/Keyword: Internal Exposure

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Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis by the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on NCI-H460 Human Non-small Lung Carcinoma Cells (길경(桔梗)에 의한 NCI-H460 인체 비소세포폐암 세포에서의 autophagy 및 apoptosis 유발 효과)

  • Hong, Su-Hyun;Han, Min-Ho;Park, Cheol;Park, Sang-Eun;Hong, Sang-Hoon;Choi, Yung-Hyun
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.317-331
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been known to possess a range of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects. The present study was designed to investigate whether or not PG-induced cell death was connected with autophagy and apoptosis in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells. Methods: Effects on the cell viability and apoptotic activity were quantified using MTT assays and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Protein activation was measured by immunoblotting. Autophagy was measured by LC3 immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. ROS production and loss of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) were checked with flow cytometry analysis. Results: Following exposure to PG, NCI-H460 cell proliferation decreased simultaneously inducing autophagic vacuoles and up-regulation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and beclin-1 protein expressions. Interestingly, pre-treated with autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenin or bafilomycin A1 further triggered reduction of cell viability. PG treatment also induced apoptosis that was related modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, death receptors and activation of caspases. In addition, PG stimulation clearly enhanced loss of MMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PG elicited both autophagy and apoptosis by increasing loss of MMP and ROS production. PG induced-autophagy may play a cell protective role.

Induction of Apoptosis by Gagamhwanglyeonhaedog-tang through Activation of Caspase-3 in Human Leukemia Cell Line HL-60 Cells

  • Park Sang Goo;Won Jin Hee;Kim Dong Woung;Moon Goo
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.1173-1178
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    • 2004
  • Gagamhwanglyeonhaedog-tang(GHH), a Korean genuine medicine, is a newly designed herbal drug formula based on the traditional oriental pharmacological knowledge for the purpose of treating tumorous diseases. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved suicide program residing in cells. It leads to cell death through a tightly regulated process resulting in the removal of damaged or unwanted tissue. In the present study, the apoptosis inducing activities of the decocted water extract of GHH were studied. Results of the 3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that GHH had a strong cytotoxic effect on HL-60 cells. The number of live cells was less than 20% after exposure to 1㎎/㎖ GHH for 48 hr. GHH increased cytotoxicity of HL-60 cells in a dose- and time­dependent manner. Cell apoptosis by GHH was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of the DNA-stained cells. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased to 28%, 31% and 37% 24 hr and 37%, 44% and 81% 48 hr after treatment with 0.01, 0.1 and 1㎎/㎖ GHH, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of GHH treated HL-60 cells showed increase of hypodiploid apoptotic cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner. DNA fragmentation also occurred in apoptosis and was characterized by a ladder pattern on agarose gel. In addition, GHH (0.01 and 0.1㎎/㎖) increased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in 24 and 48 hr. The author showed that GHH-induced apoptosis was accompanied by activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that GHH induces activation of caspase-3 and eventually leads to apoptosis.

Effects of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang on Anti-tumor Chemotherapeutic Cytotoxicity and Lysosomal Enzymes of Tumor Cell (죽엽석고탕가감방(竹葉石膏湯加減方)이 항암화학요법제(抗癌化學療法劑)의 세포독성(細胞毒性)과 종양세포(腫瘍細胞)의 성장억제(成長抑制)에 미치는 효과(效果)에 대한 연구)

  • Jeon, Seoung-Hun;Moon, Gu;Jeon, Byung-Hoon
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.191-206
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    • 1997
  • In order to investingate the effects of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang Extract on antitumor effects after human cell lines(A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Ehrlich) transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or right groin in mice induced by RPMI 1640 and GIBCO etc., the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 10 or 12days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of antitumor effect of MMC(Mitomycin C) and lysosomal enzyme's activities using colony forming efficiency, SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows: 1. According to the change of colony-forming efficiency and SRB assay of Caki-1 cell, hep3B and A549 cells after exposure to the extract of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract, that extract depressed the growth of tumor cells depending on its concentration. 2. Antitumor activities of the ethanol extract from Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on ascites form of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice is a little improved. Especially mean survival times of the group of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract 200mg/kg and MMC 0.1mg/kg is improved over 30%. 3. When Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC are administerated together, the weight of tumor is more decreased than MMC alone. 4. The effects of the Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on the lysosomal enzymes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell are more significantly improved than MMC alone. 5. Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract also increased the uptake of MMC into Ehrlich carcinoma cells. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract has indirect autitumor effects by strengthening the effects of MMC on tumor cells.

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Case Report of Transparotid Approach of Mandibular Subcondylar Fracture (하악골 과두하 골절의 이하선 경유 접근법을 통한 관혈적 정복술 증례보고)

  • Moon, Mincheol;Oh, Suk Joon;Koh, Seoung Hoon
    • Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.33-36
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Fractures of the mandibular condylar area are common injuries that account for 29% to 40% of fractures of the facial bones and represent 20% to 62% of all mandibular fractures. Currently 3 main methods are being used in the treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures: closed reduction; open reduction and internal fixation; Endoscopic reduction and internal fixation. Each method has its proponents and opponent as well as advantages and disadvantages, and indications for each vary among surgeons. There are six approaches of open reduction: submandibular, retromandibular, preaurilcular, postauricular, intraoral, transparotid approach. Among them, transparotid approach has been described for subcondylar exposure with dissection in the direction of facial nerve fibers to expose the bone through the parotid gland. This approach carries the risk of a parotid glandular fistula as well as facial nerve injury but has the advantage of being directly over the fracture site. We report safety and efficacy of surgical treatment using a transparotid approach for direct plating. Methods: A 43-year-old man sustained multiple facial bone fractures by driver traffic accident. Mandibular subcondyle was fractured and dislocated internally. We performed open reduction and internal fixation by transparotid approach. Fractured site was fixed by titanium mini plate & screw. We applicated arch bar for approximately 3 weeks. Results: Follow-up length was about 5months. Scar of surgical incision was indistinct, there was no symptoms and signs of facial nerve and parotid gland injury, and maximal mouth opening was measured 49.5 mm. Conclusion: Transparotid approach has high risks of facial nerve and parotid gland injury, but paradoxically it is the most effective technique in saving facial nerve. Open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture by transparotid approach with precise and versed procedure, best outcome can be expected.

A Case of Nonclassifiable Interstitial Pneumonia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (동종 조혈모세포이식 후 비분류성 간질성 폐렴으로 사망한 1예)

  • Jung, Ki Hwan;Sung, Hwa Jung;Lee, Ju-Han;Han, Jungho;Shin, Chol;Park, Hyung Joo;Kim, Je Hyeong
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.66 no.2
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    • pp.122-126
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    • 2009
  • Despite the improvements in supportive care, early and late hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-related complications still remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary complications occur in 40-60% of patients who undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications can occur months and even years after transplantation. Interstital lung disease has also been reported to be a late post-transplant complication. Exposure to cytotoxic drugs and/or irradiation has been implicated as a cause of pulmonary toxicity including pulmonary fibrosis. We report a case of an 18-year-old female with non-classifiable interstitial pneumonia that manifested eight and a half years after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The condition worsened rapidly and the patient eventually died.

Antiproliferative Effect of Chungjogupae-tang Treatment was Associated with the Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 Release in Human Lung Carcinoma Cells (인체폐암세포의 증식 및 prostaglandin E2 생성에 미치는 청조구폐탕의 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Im, Jae-Hyung;Kim, Hoon;Byun, Mi-Kyeon;Kam, Chul-Woo;Park, Dong-Il
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.966-972
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    • 2006
  • The effect of water extract of Chungjogupae-tang (CJGPT) was investigated _on the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Methods: MTT assay and fluorescent microscope peformed to compare and examine the efficacy of CJGPT treatment on the cytostaticity of lung cancer cells in proportion to time and doses, and DAPI staining and Western blot analysis were used to examine their effect on apoptosis. In addition, the quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine to lung cancer cells growth, and Prostaglandin E2 activity were measured. Results: Exposure of A549 cells to CJGPT respited in the growth inhibition and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay and fluorescent microscope. The antiproliferative effect by CJGPT treatment in A549 cells was associated with morphological changes such as membrane shrinking and cell rounding up. CJGPT treatment resulted in an up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (WAFl/CIPl) in a p53-independent fashion. We found that CJGPT treatment decreased the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthease (iNOS) expression without significant changes in the expression of COX-1 , which was correlated with a decrease in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. Conclusion: These findings suggested that CJGPT-induced inhibition of human lung carcinoma A549 cell growth was connected with the induction of apoptotic cell death and the results provided important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of CJGPT.

Analysis of Characteristics and Internal Resistance of Seawater Secondary Battery according to its Usage Environment (해수이차전지의 사용 환경에 따른 특성 및 내부 저항 분석)

  • Seung-pyo Kang;Jang-mok Kim;Hyun-jun Cho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.223-229
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    • 2023
  • Seawater batteries are next-generation secondary batteries that use seawater as a cathode. They utilize marine resources to provide competitive prices, high eco-friendliness, and a structure suitable for marine applications. Based on these advantages, pouch types and prismatic types have been studied and developed assuming natural seawater exposure. However, because of the electrical characteristics of the secondary battery, its capacity and internal resistance vary depending on the use environment. These characteristics are not only utilized for predicting the life of a battery but also have a direct effect on the capacity and power suitable for a specific situation. Therefore, the internal resistance was analyzed in this study by measuring the capacity depending on the seawater battery use environment and the state-of-charge-open-circuit-voltage measurement method.

Proposed Etiotypes for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Controversial Issues

  • Sang Hyuk Kim;Ji-Yong Moon;Kyung Hoon Min;Hyun Lee
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.87 no.3
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    • pp.221-233
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    • 2024
  • The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) revised the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to broadly include a variety of etiologies. A new taxonomy, composed of etiotypes, aims to highlight the heterogeneity in causes and pathogenesis of COPD, allowing more personalized management strategies and emphasizing the need for targeted research to understand and manage COPD better. However, controversy arises with including some diseases under the umbrella term of COPD, as their clinical presentations and treatments differ from classical COPD, which is smoking-related. COPD due to infection (COPD-I) and COPD due to environmental exposure (COPD-P) are classifications within the new taxonomy. Some disease entities in these categories show distinct clinical features and may not benefit from conventional COPD treatments, raising questions about their classification as COPD subtypes. There is also controversy regarding whether bronchiectasis with airflow limitations should be classified as an etiotype of COPD. This article discusses controversial issues associated with the proposed etiotypes for COPD in terms of COPD-I, COPD-P, and bronchiectasis. While the updated COPD definition by GOLD 2023 is a major step towards recognizing the disease's complexity, it also raises questions about the classification of related respiratory conditions. This highlights the need for further research to improve our understanding and approach to COPD management.

Analysis of patch test results in patients with suspected contact dermatitis in the Busan area (부산지역 접촉성피부염 의심 환자에서 첩포검사 결과 분석)

  • Gwangseok Kim;Chan Sun Park;Ji Hyun Oh;Hee-Kyoo Kim;Gil-Soon Choi
    • Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common skin disease caused by various allergens that can be identified by patch test (PT). Despite the analysis of PT outcomes in various regions of Korea, no specific investigation has targeted the Busan area. We aimed to analyze PT results using Chemotechnique in patients suspected of CD in Busan. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 273 patients who underwent PT between 2019 and 2020 at two university hospitals in Busan. PT results were interpreted according to the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria. Results: Among the patients, 86.4% exhibited positive reactions to at least one allergen. Those with positive outcomes displayed a higher comorbidity rate of chronic urticaria but a lower rate of atopic dermatitis. Moreover, they reported higher positivity rates to questions about sexual life and treatment on the Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire. Major allergens in Busan were cobalt chloride (60.1%), nickel sulfate (52.0%), and potassium dichromate (50.9%), followed by thiomersal, balsam of Peru, and fragrance mix (17.2%, 15.4%, and 13.9%, respectively). Captan, budesonide, and colophony were more prevalent allergens in males. While the positive rate for thiomersal were higher in the younger age group, balsam of Peru allergen was higher in the older age group. Conclusion: This study represents the first PT analysis conducted in Busan, revealing metal-related allergen as the most common cause of CD, with variations observed across sex and age. Further research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the sources and pathways of allergen exposure in Busan.

A Control Room Dose Assessment for a 1300 MWe PWR Following a Loss of Coolant Accident (냉각재(冷却材) 상실사고시(喪失事故時) 1300 MWe 급(級) PWR원전(原電) 주제어실(主制御室)의 선량평가(線量評價))

  • Chang, Si-Young;Ha, Chung-Woo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.34-45
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    • 1989
  • The habitability of a reactor control room in a French 1300 MWe P'4 type PWR has been evaluated through the exposure dose assessment for the reactor operator following a Loss of Coolant Accident. The main hypotheses adopted in this evaluation are based on the French Standard Safety Analysis Report. A simple computer program, named COREX(Control Room EXposure), was developed to calculate : the time-integrated radioactivities released from the reactor building, the volume factors for radionuclides concerned and the resulting time-integrated external whole body and internal thyroid doses to the reactor operators staying in the control room up to 30 days following the LOCA. The results obtained in this study, on the whole, well agreed with those proposed by the EDF(Electricite de France) except for the case of the whole body exposure, which was attributed to the differences in the volume factors for the radionuclides concerned.

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