• Title/Summary/Keyword: Internal Exposure

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Impact of ozone on circulating tight junction protein claudin 4 and claudin 5 in patients with asthma

  • Pureun-Haneul Lee;Min-Hyeok An;DaYeon Hwang;Byeong-Gon Kim;An-Soo Jang
    • Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.134-139
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: Claudins are a type of tight junction proteins in human endothelia and epithelia. Ozone brings about oxidative stress and lung inflammation in humans and experimental models. However, the impact of ozone on claudins in subjects with asthma remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to find variations in the tight junction proteins claudin-4 and claudin-5 in subjects with asthma in relation to ambient ozone concentration. Methods: We previously recruited 50 patients with stable/exacerbated asthmatics and 25 controls. Furthermore, to examine the influence of ozone concentration, we reanalyzed 18 patients with stable or exacerbated asthma and 3 controls. The plasma claudin-4 and claudin-5 levels in response to high concentrations of ozone were compared to stable/exacerbated asthma, and controls. Results: The lung functions were significantly lower in subjects with asthma than those in controls. Blood eosinophil proportions were significantly higher in exacerbated asthmatics than in subjects with stable asthma. In high concentration period of ozone, plasma claudin-4 levels were significantly higher in subjects with exacerbated asthma (0.44±0.30 ng/mL, P= 0.005) or stable asthma (0.38±0.31 ng/mL, P= 0.009) compared to those in control subjects (0.16±0.1 ng/mL). Plasma claudin-5 levels were lower in subjects with stable asthma (2.97±1.38 ng/mL, P= 0.011) than in control subjects (6.92±3.9 ng/mL), and higher in subjects with exacerbated asthma (7.49±4.23 ng/mL, P< 0.001) than those with stable asthma. Conclusion: These results reveal that claudins be changed in patients with asthma following ozone exposure in subjects with asthma.

Induction of Apoptosis by Samgibopae-tang in Human Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cells (인체폐암세포 NCI-H460 및 A549의 apoptosis 유발에 미치는 삼기보배탕의 영향)

  • Heo, Man-Kyu;Heo, Tae-Yool;Kim, Ki-Tak;Byun, Mi-Kwon;Kim, Jin-Young;Sim, Sung-Heum;Kim, Koang-Lock;Kam, Cheol-Woo;Park, Dong-Il
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.473-491
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the antiproliferative activity of the water extract of Samgibopae-tang (SGBPT) in NCI-H460 and A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines Methods : In this study, we measured the subsistence, form of NCI-H460 and A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cell by hemocytometer and DAPI staining. In each cell, we analyzed DNA fragmentation. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and measured activity of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Results and Conclusions : We found that exposure of A549 cells to SGBPT resulted in growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. butSGBPT did not affect the growth of NCI-H460 cells. The antiproliferative effect by SGBPT treatment in A549 cells was associated with morphological changes. SGBPT treatment partially induced the expression of DR5 cells and the expression of Faswas markedly increased in both transcriptional and translational levels in A549 cells. SGBPT treatment partially induced the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and the expression of Bid was markedly decreased in translational levels in A549 cells. However, SGBPT treatment did not affect the expression of IAP family in A549 orNCI-H460 cells. SGBPT treatment partially induced the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 activity which markedly increased in a dose-dependent manners in A549 cells. The fragmental development of PARP and β-catenin protein was observed in A549 cells by SGBPT treatment. SGBPT treatment induced the expression of PLC-γ1 protein which decreased in A549 cells. SGBPT treatment partially induced the expression of DFF45/ICAD which markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner in A549 cells. Taken together. these findings suggested that SGBPT-induced inhibition of human lung carcinoma did not affect NCI-H460 cell growth. However, SGBPT-induced inhibition of human lung carcinoma A549 cell growth was associated with the induction of death receptor and mitochondrial pathway. The results provided important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of SGBPT.

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Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Carbamate Poisoning in Korea (카바메이트 중독의 국내 현황 및 예후 인자)

  • Kwon, Woon-Yong;Park, Joon-Seok;Eo, Eun-Kyung;Oh, Bum-Jin;Lee, Mi-Jin;Lee, Sung-Woo;Suh, Joo-Hyun;Roh, Hyung-Keun;Suh, Gil-Joon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and the prognostic factors of carbamate poisoned patients who visited emergency departments. Methods: From August 2005 to July 2006, we investigated the demographic feature, dose of exposure, time of exposure, alcohol intake, route of exposure, reason of exposure, site of exposure, pre-existing medical condition, time from exposure to emergency department (ED), transfer from other hospitals, vital sign at ED arrival, symptom or sign at ED arrival, and result of care of the patients who visited the ED of thirty-eight hospitals in Korea. According to the result of care, we divided the patients into two groups, the survival and the dead. To evaluated the prognostic factors, we calculated the odds ratio of each factor for the survival. Results: Among the sixty-eight patients, fifty-five patients (80.9%) were survival and thirteen patients (19.1%) were dead. The patients in the dead were older than the patients in the survival. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of the patients in the dead was lower than the GCS in the survival. The odds ratio of the GCS at ED arrival for the survival was 1.58 (95% CI; 1.23-2.05). Other factors showed no statistical significances. Conclusion: The GCS at emergency department arrival was the prognosis factor of the carbamate poisoned patients who visited emergency departments. If the carbamate poisoned patients showed altered mentalities, they should be provided intensive care, immediately.

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Effect of Mn and Fe Compound on the Absorption in the Body and Genital Organs, Activity with F344 Rats (F344 rats를 이용 망간 및 철 화합물의 체내 흡수와 생식기 및 운동성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyeon-Yeong;Lee, Sung-Bae;Han, Jeong-Hee;Choi, Sung-Bong;Kang, Min-Gu;Lee, Chae-Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.224-234
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    • 2007
  • This study aimed to examine the harmful effects of Mn and Fe, which may be generated as dust or fume in the industrial sites, on the body and genital organs by their inhalation. It is intended to find the characteristics and differences of the hazardousness by inhaling a single and the mixed materials of Mn and Fe. Male F344 rats were divided into the control group and 3 exposed groups on the basis of the test material compound (Mn 1.5mg/m3, Mn 1.5 and Fe 3.0mg/m3, Fe 3.0mg/m3). The 4 groups were divided into 4 subgroups again on the basis of the exposure period (4 and 13 weeks) and the recovery period (4 and 13 weeks). The exposure condition was 6 hours a day, 5 days a week for the whole body. Clinical tests including changes in weight and feed rate, blood biochemical test, motility change, changes in the number and the amount of spermatozoon (sperm count), daily sperm production (DSP), deformity test of spermatozoon and changes in the accumulation of Mn and Fe in blood and internal organs were performed. Motility was reduced by Mn exposure. Especially, the effect of Mn was exposure period responsible. By mixing with Fe, no significant change in motility Mn and Fe accumulation in organs was observed. Sperm count and daily sperm production (DSP) were decreased by Mn. Additional effect like the reduction of sperm count and DSP, and delayed restoration of sperm count and DSP during the recovery period were observed in the mixed exposure group. These results indicate that Mn and Fe may affect the motility reduced and has male reproductive toxicity. Mixed exposure of Mn and Fe lead to synergic effects on the male reproductive toxicity.

ACN9 Regulates the Inflammatory Responses in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

  • Jeong, Jae Hoon;Kim, Jeeyoung;Kim, Jeongwoon;Heo, Hye-Ryeon;Jeong, Jin Seon;Ryu, Young-Joon;Hong, Yoonki;Han, Seon-Sook;Hong, Seok-Ho;Lee, Seung-Joon;Kim, Woo Jin
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.80 no.3
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    • pp.247-254
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    • 2017
  • Background: Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense, against pathogens and environmental pollutants, in the lungs. Cellular stress by cadmium (Cd), resulting in airway inflammation, is assumed to be directly involved in tissue injury, linked to the development of lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We had earlier shown that ACN9 (chromosome 7q21), is a potential candidate gene for COPD, and identified significant interaction with smoking, based on genetic studies. However, the role of ACN9 in the inflammatory response, in the airway cells, has not yet been reported. Methods: We first checked the anatomical distribution of ACN9 in lung tissues, using mRNA in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Gene expression profiling in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), was performed, after silencing ACN9. We further tested the roles of ACN9, in the intracellular mechanism, leading to Cd-induced production, of proinflammatory cytokines in BEAS-2B. Results: ACN9 was localized in lymphoid, and epithelial cells, of human lung tissues. ACN9 silencing, led to differential expression of 216 genes. Pathways of sensory perception to chemical stimuli, and cell surface receptor-linked signal transduction, were significantly enriched. ACN9 silencing, further increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, in BEAS-2B after Cd exposure. Conclusion: Our findings suggest, that ACN9 may have a role, in the inflammatory response in the airway.

The Study on the Measurement of Formaldehyde in Hair by HS-GC-MS (헤드스페이스-가스크로마토그래피-질량분석법에 의한 체모 중 포름알데하이드 측정법 연구)

  • Shin Ho-Sang;Ahn Hye-Sil
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.32 no.1 s.88
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    • pp.67-70
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    • 2006
  • A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of formaldehyde in hair. 0.3mg of hair was placed in 10ml headspace vial. 1.5mM pentafluorophenylhydrazine solution (pH 2) in 0.03 M phosphoric acid and 20μl of 500 mg/l acetoned6 as internal standard were added in vial and sealed tightly with cap. The solution was heated for 30 min at 90C in heating block. The extraction, the derivatization and the evaporation were performed simultaneously. After heating of the solution, 0.5 ml of headspace was taken up and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Low limit of detection (LaD) and Low limit of quantitation (LOQ) of formaldehyde were 0.5 and 1.5 ng/g, respectively. The method was used to analyze formaldehyde in rat hair after oral exposure. The developed method may be valuable to be used to analyze formaldehyde in human hair.

THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON ADDICTION

  • Goeders Nick E.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.18-34
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    • 2004
  • This paper will review data obtained primarily from our preclinical investigations that show that exposure to stress has a significant impact on drug taking. Stress increases reward associated with psychomotor stimulants, possibly through a process similar to sensitization, and a growing clinical literature indicates that there is also a link between substance abuse and stress in human addicts. One explanation for the high concordance between stress-related disorders and drug addiction is the self-medication hypothesis, which suggests that a dually-diagnosed person often uses the abused substance to cope with tension associated with life stressors or to relieve symptoms of anxiety and depression resulting from a traumatic event. However, another characteristic of drug self-administration is that drug delivery and its subsequent effects on the HPA axis are under the direct control of the individual. This controlled activation of the HPA axis may result in the production of an internal state of arousal or stimulation that is actually sought by the individual (i.e., the sensation-seeking hypothesis). During abstinence, however, exposure to stressors or drug-associated cues can stimulate the HP A axis to remind the individual about the effects of the abused substance, thus producing craving and promoting relapse. Stress reduction, either alone or in combination with pharmacotherapies targeting the HPA axis may prove beneficial in reducing cravings and promoting abstinence in individuals seeking treatment for addiction. Of primary importance is to reduce the impact of cocaine-associated environmental stimuli on the HPA axis so that they no longer function as triggers for relapse.

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Effect of TO3 and NO2 on Net Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Accumulation of Nitrite in Sunflower Leaves

  • Park, Shin-Young;Lee, Sang-Chul
    • Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 1999
  • Photosynthesis and transpiration rates were simultaneously measured in attached sunflower leaves(Helianthus annuusL. cv. Russian Mammoth) during exposure to NO2 and O3 to determine the effect of mixed gan on photosynthesis and the stomatal aperture. The application of O3 alone reduced both the net photosynthetic and transpiration rates. An analysis of the CO2 diffusive resistances indicated that the main cause affecting photosynthesis reduction during O3 exposure was not the internal gas phase of the leaf (rCOliq2) but rather the liquid phase or mesophyll diffusive resistance (rCOliq2), suggesting that there is a very concomitant relation between photosynthetic reduction and rCOliq2. The application of NO2 alone caused a marked reduction of the net photosynthesis yet no significant reduction of transpiration, indicating that NO2 affects the CO2 fixation processes with no inluence on the stomatal aperture. A greter reduction in the photosynthesis of sunflower plants was caused by the application of NO2 alone as compared to a combination of NO2 and O3. NO2 alone reduced the photosynthetic rate by 90%, whereas a mixture of NO2 and O3 reduced it by 50%.

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Residual Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Strength Concrete with Aggregate Factor (골재요인에 따른 초고강도 콘크리트의 잔존역학적 특성)

  • Lee, Hee-Kwang;Kim, Gyu-Yong;Lee, Tae-Gyu;Nam, Jeong-Soo;Koo, Kyung-Mo;Youn, Yong-Sang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2011.11a
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    • pp.211-212
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    • 2011
  • It was very important to evaluate concrete experimentally at elevated temperature because concrete was filled with aggregate of concrete volume about 70 percent. Concrete exposure to high temperatures produces changes in its internal structure, for instance loss of its strength and deformation capacity, in extreme cases risking the service life of the structure. The work of this paper is performed to evaluate the thermal behavior of ultra-high strength concrete having different water to cement ratio (strength), fine aggregate to aggregate ratio and maximum size of coarse aggregate. For exposure to 500℃ during 1 hour, residual mechanical properties of the ultra-high strength concrete decreased as the s/a ratio decreases and the maximum size of coarse aggregate increases.

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Rationale and Definition of The Criteria of The Efficiency of The Biological Activity of Optical Radiation on Animal Organism.

  • Chervinsky, Leonid S.
    • The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2018
  • In today's technological development of human society more and more influence on the lives of biological organisms different electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, the study and analysis of the mechanisms of their effects is an urgent task. The purpose of research - the study of the primary mechanisms of interaction of photons of optical radiation with the structures of biological objects, using the laws of quantum mechanics and biophysics. Photobiological basis of the mechanism of action of EMR optical range is the energy absorption of light quanta (photons) by atoms and molecules of biological structures (law Grotgus-Draper), which resulted in the formation of electronically excited states of these molecules with the transfer of photon energy (internal photoeffect). This is accompanied by electrolytic dissociation and ionization of biological molecules. The degree of manifestation of photobiological effects in the body depends on the intensity of the optical radiation, which is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source to the irradiated surface. Accordingly, in practice, determine not the intensity and irradiation dose at a certain distance from the source of exposure by the exposure time.