• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.721-736
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to clarify aesthetic values and sociocultural meanings that reappears in contemporary fashion. In order to analyze aesthetic values and symbolic meanings of body decoration, I examined the concepts and expression methods of the body decoration. Also, analyzed external characteristics of expression and its internal meanings that applied in modern fashion. The expressions of body decoration represented in contemporary fashion are classified into direct and indirect methods. The direct method is expressed by tattoos, piercing, henna, make-up and body painting. And, indirect method is expressed by see-through look, body-conscious look and accessories that were utilized its patterns and the material adaptation methods. Such expression of body decoration in the modern fashion was represented into grotesque images and erotic images. The characteristics of grotesque images are abnormal state, hateful animal image and distorted or transformed body and the internal meanings are the pursuit of primitive, exoticism, the pursuit of playfulness, and resistance. The characteristics of erotic images are an exposure of body, see through, body-conscious and androgynous look and the internal meanings are the self-intoxication, naturalism and sexual pleasure.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

Sweet's syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, occurs in association with autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis but is rare in Graves' disease, in which all cases are induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). We report a case of Sweet's syndrome in a patient with Graves' disease treated with methimazole (MMI) during three weeks. A 34-year-old man presented with the acute onset of high fever, skin rashes on the whole body, arthralgia, and acroparesthesia. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. MMI first stopped and antibiotics and antihistamine therapy started, but his symptoms dramatically improved after oral prednisolone. Graves' disease has again been treated by MMI because of his aggravated ophthalmopathy. After one year of retreatment with MMI, there has been no recurrence of Sweet's syndrome, supporting that Sweet's syndrome in this case was not related to MMI exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Sweet's syndrome associated with Graves' disease per se but not PTU or MMI use.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.162-169
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• 2001

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), a cytotoxic molecule is produced in various tissues including tumor cells during interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy . Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are induced during IL-2 therapy, and have cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. The current study investigated the effects of NO synthesized in target cells or exposure of target cells to NO on the sensitivity of target cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity. Methods: Cytotoxicity was measured using 4 h chromium release assays. LAK cells which were induced by a 4 day incubation of BALB/c mouse splenocytes with IL-2 (6,000 IU/mL) were employed as effector cells. RD-995 skin tumor cells originated from a C3H/HeN mouse were employed as target cells. NO synthesis in target cells was induced by a 24 h incubation of RD-995 cells with $IFN{\gamma}$ (25 U/mL), TNF (50 U/mL) and IL-1 (20 U/mL). S-nitrosyl acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), an NO donor, was used to expose target cells to NO. $N^G$-monomethyl-L-arginine (MLA) and carboxy-PTIO were added during cytotoxicity assays to inhibit NO synthesis, and to scavenge NO produced by target cells, respectively. Results: Sensitivity of NO-producing RD-995 cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity was decreased by addition of MLA and carboxy-PTIO during cytotoxicity assays. However, the two reagents had no effect on the sensitivity of non-NO-producing RD-995 cells. Pretreatment of RD-995 target cells with SNAP increased the sensitivity in comparison with untreated cells. Conclusions: Sensitivity of target cells to LAK cell cytotoxicity is increased by target cell NO synthesis or exposure to NO. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these in vitro results have relevance to in vivo phenomena.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2007

Background: Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for chronic bronchitis and COPD. Airway epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke components such as nicotine, cotinine and benzopyrene can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and be subject to oxidative stress. This oxidative stress can induce the inflammatory response in the lung by the oxidant itself or by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. It has been reported that nicotine stimulates ROS, which are associated with NF-${\kappa}B$. Methods: Beas2B cells were treated with nicotine, cotinine and benzopyrene. RT PCR was used to measure the expression of several antioxidant factors using the total RNA from the Beas2B cells. The level of superoxide dismutase(CuZnSOD), thioredoxin, glutathione reductase expression was examined. Results: 0.5 to 4 hours after the benzopyrene, nicotine and cotinine theatments, the level of thioredoxin and glutathione reductase expression decreased. Longer exposure to these compounds for 24 to 72 hours inhibited the expression of most of these antioxidant factors. Conclusion: During exposure to smoke compounds, thioredoxin and glutathione reductase are the key antioxidant factors induced sensitively between 0.5 and 4 hours but the levels these antioxidants decrease between 24 hour and 72hours.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.2
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• pp.223-227
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• 2012

Pulmonary siderosis, or Welder's lung disease is an occupational lung disease caused by iron-inhalation. Diagnosis of pulmonary siderosis is based on occupational history of the patient, radiologic findings, and pathologic findings of iron-laden macrophages within lung tissue or broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. We observed a case of a 43 years-old welder diagnosed with pulmonary siderosis via thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Sputum culture along with pathology also identified a non-tuberculotic mycobacterial infection with a sputum culture and the pathologic findings. The patient was treated with anti-tubercular medication and cessation of iron-exposure. And his condition improved within a few months.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.378-381
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• 2007

Tsutsugamushi disease (Scrub typhus) is an acute, febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted to humans through chigger bites. Leptospirosis, a febrile disease caused by various pathogenic Leptospira, and is acquired by exposure to contaminated water and soil. Both diseases have been the most common acute febrile diseases in the autumn in Korea for many years. Concomitant leptospirosis and scrub typhus is quite rare. We report a case of a coinfection with leptospirosis and scrub typhus in a 51-year-old male who presented with fever, abdominal pain and acute dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed with as acalculous cholecystitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and septic shock caused by the infection. This is the first case report of a coinfection with leptospirosis and scrub typhus in Korea.

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.353-359
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• 2017

Background: Cushing syndrome is characterized by glucose intolerance, cardiovascular disease, and an enhanced systemic inflammatory response caused by chronic exposure to excess cortisol. Eosinopenia is frequently observed in patients with adrenal Cushing syndrome, but the relationship between the eosinophil count in peripheral blood and indicators of glucose level in patients with adrenal Cushing syndrome has not been determined. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken of the clinical and laboratory findings of 40 patients diagnosed with adrenal Cushing syndrome at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2006 to December 2016. Clinical characteristics, complete blood cell counts with white blood cell differential, measures of their endocrine function, description of imaging studies, and pathologic findings were obtained from their medical records. Results: Eosinophil composition and count were restored by surgical treatment of all of the patients with adrenal Cushing disease. The eosinophil count was inversely correlated with serum and urine cortisol, glycated hemoglobin, and inflammatory markers in the patients with adrenal Cushing syndrome. Conclusion: Smaller eosinophil populations in patients with adrenal Cushing syndrome tend to be correlated with higher levels of blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin. This study suggests that peripheral blood eosinophil composition or count may be associated with serum glucose levels in patients with adrenal Cushing syndrome.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1982

For the purpose of establishment of Reference Korean and estimation of internal and external exposure doses in the Reference Korean, we have surveyed reference values for Koreans, such as physical standards including height, weight and body surface area, food consumption rate of daily intake of radioactive substances and exposure dose from natural radiation. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The age group of the Reference Korean ranged from 20 to 30 years old in both sexes. The height, weight and surface area of the body of the Reference Korean are 167cm, 61kg and $1.67m^2$ in male and 155cm, 51kg and $1.51m^2$, respectively in female. 2) The food consumption of the Korean is 812.8g (669.6g of vegetable food and 143.2g of animal food) per capita per day. 3) Koreans are taken about 1,200 pCi of radioactive substances(${\beta}$-ray) per capita per day. 4) The external and internal radiation exposure doses of the Korean are estimated to be 127 mrem and 8 mrem per year, respectively. However, it is believed that these values will be modified upon the addition of data collection.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2014

PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) is one of the perflourinated organic compound, which persist as a residual compound in the coastal environments. Intertidal mud crab Macrophthalmus japonicus mainly inhabits in coastal and bay ecosystems in Indo-Pacific region including Korea and reflects to environmental changes. In the present study, M. japonicus were exposed to different concentrations of PFOS and various ecotoxicological end-points such as survival rate, elimination of appendages, changes of the crust and internal organ color changes were investigated. Interestingly, the PFOS exposure showed concentration-dependent decrease of survival rate. High PFOS exposure ($30{\mu}gL^{-1}$) showed a low survival rate of 24% at 168 hours. Further, in comparison with the controls, the rate of elimination of appendages was also considerably increased in a time dependent manner upon PFOS exposure. Notably, with progression of time, an increased exposure to PFOS, test species showed whitening effect in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the crab crust color was unchanged in the control. In addition, change in internal organs color and their visibility (clarity) observed in PFOS exposed crabs compared to control. Taken together, we suggest, eco-toxicology end-points of M. japonicus exposed to PFOS gave important biological information which could be useful to identify toxic contamination in the marine benthic environments.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1999

The effect of Yukilsunki-tang extracts on global cerebral ischemia were investigated in this study. The multiple parameters of global cerebral ischemia assessed in mice included the duration of KCN-induced(1.8mg/kg i.v.) coma, the survival time of KCN-induced(3.0mg/kg i.v.) coma, the survival time exposed to hypoxia induced by vacuum pump. In the case of global cerebral ischemia International Cancer Research mice were used and divided into two groups at random Group A, normal control, was treated after oral administration of normal saline. Group B, experimental control, was treated after oral administration of 13.2mg/20g of Yukilsunki-tang extracts. Each treatment was KCN-induced(1.8mg/kg i.v.) coma, KCN-induced(3.0mg/kg i.v.) coma and exposure to hypoxia induced by vacuum pump. The results were obtained as follows ; In global cerebral ischemia, Yukilsunki-tang extracts significantly prolonged the duration of KCN-induced(1.8mg/kg i.v.) coma, the survival time of KCN-induced(3.0mg/kg i.v.) coma and the survival time of exposure to hypoxia induced by vacuum pump in mice. Conclusion Yukisunki-tang extracts had a significant effect on Global cerebral ischemia.