• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of cooking time on the internal temperature and color of cutlets and the reduction of indicator organisms in cutlets by cooking. Methods: Three kinds of commercially packed frozen cutlets (pork, chicken and fish cutlets), were purchased from local markets. The cutlets were cooked in a frying pan at $180^{\circ}C$ for four minutes. Internal temperature was measured with a food thermometer. Color was measured using a Hunter spectrocolorimeter. Aerobic colony counts, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were determined according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: The internal cooked temperature of every cutlet reached over $74^{\circ}C$, the temperature considered safe, after three minutes, while external temperature reached this level in two minutes (p < 0.001). The instrumental color value as lightness (L) in the cooked cutlets significantly changed (p < 0.001) after one minute. The level of aerobic colony counts of fresh cutlets was under the specification and was reduced to one tenth its level in the cooked cutlets. Coliforms and E. coli were not detected in all samples. The internal temperature of the cutlets was significantly affected by cooking time and weight (p < 0.001). The interaction effect of time and weight was also significant (p < 0.001), and time was the more influential factor. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the sampled cutlets should be cooked for a minimum of three minutes or more in order to ensure food safety. The results also indicate that if consumers cease cooking based on external temperature or color, there will be a risk of inadequate cooking.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 Tschannen-Moran(2000)이 개발한 Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale(OSTES)를 중등학교 가정과교사를 대상으로 교사 효능감 하위 요인들을 알아보고, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 교사 효능감 문항들의 타당성과 신뢰성을 규명하여 교사 효능감 문항들의 모형 적합성을 검증하는데 있다. 먼저 교사 효능감의 요인들에 대한 심리 측정학적 타당성을 검증하기 위해 263명의 가정과교사를 대상으로 교사 효능감 요인의 신뢰도와 요인 구조를 검사하였다. 중등학교 가정과교사의 교사 효능감 요인을 분석한 결과, 하위요인은 학급운영 효능감, 요구대처 효능감, 교수전략 효능감, 환경지원 효능감, 학습지원 효능감으로 나타났다. 그리고. 요인구조로 나타난 문항들의 요인 적합성을 판단하기 위해 교사 효능감의 5개 요인에 대한 확인적 요인 분석을 실시한 결과, 5개 하위요인이 타당한 것으로 지지되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2017

The function of urban parks as wildlife habitats is becoming increasingly important. The urban park serves as a key area for preserving urban biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to estimate the bird species diversity in 30 parks in Cheonan city and quantitatively analyze the influence of vegetation, park structure and landscape connectivity index. As the results, a total of 27 birds species and 1,509 individuals were found at the sites and the largest number of birds were found in the Cheongsa park with 17 species. The optimal regression model was selected as the explanatory variables for the logged park area (LPA), the tree cover ratio (Co_T) and the patch betweenness centrality (PB). LPA and Co_T mean the internal characteristics of the park, and PB was the external environmental variable meaning landscape connectivity. LPA was the most important factor (73.3%) as bird habitat, and the PB could be interpreted as a factor that should be considered as important (26.7%). It will be possible to consider these environmental variables in the park and green area construction and management.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The use of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is an environmentally friendly method of construction that utilizes the aggregate interlock effect by means of a hydration reaction and roller compacting, demonstrating a superb structural performance with a relatively small unit water content and unit cement content. However, even if an excellent structural performance was secured through a previous study, the verification research on the environmental load and long-term durability was conducted under unsatisfactory conditions. In order to secure longterm durability, the construction of an appropriate internal air-void structure is required. In this study, a method of improving the long-term durability of RCCP will be suggested by analyzing the internal air-void structure and relevant durability of roller-compacted concrete. METHODS : The method of improving the long-term durability involves measurements of the air content, air voids, and air-spacing factor in RCCP that experiences a change in terms of the kind of air-entraining agent and chemical admixture proportions. This test should be conducted on the basis of test criteria such as ASTM C 457, 672, and KS F 2456. RESULTS : Freezing, thawing, and scaling resistance tests of roller compacted concrete without a chemical admixture showed that it was weak. However, as a result of conducting air entraining (AE) with an AE agent, a large amount of air was distributed with a range of 2~3%, and an air void spacing factor ranging from 200 to $300{\mu}m$ (close to $250{\mu}m$) coming from PCA was secured. Accordingly, the freezing and thawing resistance was improved, with a relative dynamic elastic modulus of more than 80%, and the scaling resistance was improved under the appropriate AE agent content rate. CONCLUSIONS : The long-term durability of RCCP has a direct relationship with the air-void spacing factor, and it can be secured only by ensuring the air void spacing factor through air entraining with the inclusion of an AE agent.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2008

본 연구는 교육훈련이 기업내부환경과 직무만족에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 선행연구를 통해 기업내부환경과 직무에 미치는 영향의 중요성을 인식하고, 내부환경요소와 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 분석 보완할 필요가 있다는 데 중점을 두고자 하였다. 여행업 교육훈련에 대한 재정립은 물론 교육훈련에 따른 종업원의 직무만족에 미치는 영향력에 대한 실증적인 분석을 통해 내부환경과 직무만족과의 연관성을 분석 구축하고, 종업원의 잠재능력 개발의 중요성을 인식함과 동시에 직무만족에 도움이 될 수 있는 시사점을 제시하는데 있다. 실증적인 분석결과로 여행업 종업원 교육훈련은 여행업 종업원들의 교육훈련동기와 성취욕구, 능력이 항상 갖추어지고, 여행업체 상사나 동료의 지원 또는 환경 분위기가 조성이 될 때 종업원의 직무만족을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 여행업체의 조직내부환경 개선은 물론 여행업과 관련정부기관에서도 종업원 교육훈련의 중요성을 인지하고, 교육훈련에 장기적인 투자와 지원으로 적극적인 전문교육훈련체계 실시가 무엇보다도 필수적이라 본다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2021

In this study, an analysis was performed using the growth data and environment data of Korean melon farmers to confirm the influence of environmental factors variables on fruit weight of Korean melon. The analysis results can be summarized as follows. First, it was confirmed that humidity and temperature were recognized as the most important factors among the core factors of korean melon farm production management. Second, The correlation analysis of fruit weight and environmental factors showed a statistically significant soil temperature, internal humidity. Third, The Pooled OLS model estimation results showed that the estimation coefficient for soil temperature is (-), and the estimation coefficient for soil temperature square is (+), indicating that optimal control temperature exists.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2005년도 춘계 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회
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• pp.85-90
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• 2005

Diesel exhaust Particles (DEPs) are known to induce allergic responses in airway epithelial cells, such as the production of various cytokines via nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$). However. the intracellular signal transduction pathways underlying this phenomenon have not been fully examined. This study showed that DEP induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity via transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and $NF-{\kappa}B$-inducing kinase (NIK) in L2 rat lung epithelial cells. DEP induced the $NF-{\kappa}B$ dependent reporter activity approximately two-to three-fold in L2 cells. However, this effect was abolished by the expression of the dominant negative forms of TAK1 or NIK. Furthermore, it was shown that DEP induced TAK1 phosphorylation in the L2 cells. These results suggest that TAK1 and NIK are important mediators of DEP-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1994

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide alachlor in soybean, Chinese cabbage, and barnyard grass seedlings were examined and compared with each other using [phenyl-U-$^{14}C$] alachlor in search of a primary factor contributing to the selectivity of alachlor. When root of each seedling was immersed into the solution containing [$^{14}C$]alachlor, the amount of absorbed radioactivity/mg dry matter of seedling which was suggested to be correlated with the susceptibility of plants to alachlor decreased in the order of soybean ${\gg}$ Chinese cabbage ${\geq}$ barnyard grass and the rate of translocation to shoot was Chinese cabbage ${\geq}$ barnyard grass ${\gg}$ soybean. These orders did not consistently explain the selective phytotoxicity of alachlor. Analyses of extracts by reverse phase chromatography showed that alachlor was detoxified by conjugation with glutathione in all three plants and the rate of glutathione conjugation of soybean, the resistant species to alachlor, was the greatest, while that of barnyard grass, the susceptible, was the lowest among three plants. This result explained well the selective phytotoxicity of alachlor. Both absorption and translocation contribute undoubtedly to the selectivity by influencing the active internal concentration of alachlor. However, neither of them appeared to be a primary factor. It was concluded that the most important primary factor was the rate of glutathione conjugation, which detoxifies alachlor and plays an important role in selectivity.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate airborne radon and thoron levels and estimate the effective doses of workers who made household goods and mattresses using monazite. Methods: Airborne radon and thoron concentrations were measured using continuous monitors (Rad7, Durridge Company Inc., USA). Radon and thoron concentrations in the air were converted to radon doses using the dose conversion factor recommended by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission in Korea. External exposure to gamma rays was measured at the chest height of a worker from the source using real-time radiation instruments, a survey meter (RadiagemTM 2000, Canberra Industries, Inc., USA), and an ion chamber (OD-01 Hx, STEP Co., Germany). Results: When using monazite, the average concentration range of radon was $13.1-97.8Bq/m^3$ and thoron was $210.1-841.4Bq/m^3$. When monazite was not used, the average concentration range of radon was $2.6-10.8Bq/m^3$ and the maximum was $1.7-66.2Bq/m^3$. Since monazite has a higher content of thorium than uranium, the effects of thoron should be considered. The effective doses of radon and thoron as calculated by the dose conversion factor based on ICRP 115 were 0.26 mSv/yr and 0.76 mSv/yr, respectively, at their maximum values. The external radiation dose rate was $6.7{\mu}Sv/hr$ at chest height and the effective dose was 4.3 mSv/yr at the maximum. Conclusions: Regardless of the use of monazite, the total annual effective doses due to internal and external exposure were 0.03-4.42 mSv/yr. Exposures to levels higher than this value are indicated if dose conversion factors based on the recently published ICRP 137 are applied.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Environmental pollution and climate change in Vietnam are now becoming a major concern. This situation is increasing the pressure on the companies to improve their social responsibility in production and business activities and disclose the environmental information to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This study investigates the internal and external factors of the company that affects the environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the Vietnam stock market as business sector, firm size, corporate manager perceptions, profitability, financial leverage, community pressure, pressures from stakeholders, government pressure influencing environmental information disclosure. Analytical data collected through the survey of 120 listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE). By testing Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and logistic regression analysis, the results of the study show that the level of environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the stock market in Vietnam depends heavily on government regulations, followed by the pressure from stakeholders, community pressure, views of business managers, companies size, business sector, and particularly profitability and financial leverage factors that have a negative relationship with environmental information disclosure.