• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2012

Object : The Purpose of this study is to report the clinical application of Korean traditional medicine on gait disturbance with arteriosclerosis of lower limbs. Methods : The patient in this case had been already treated by anticoagulation and varicose vein operation for subsiding and improving intermittent claduication and rest pain, but these methods didn't work on the patient. Although the patient was classified as TASC-II D, bypass operation couldn't be treated because of heart disease of the patient. We treated Korean traditional medicine such as acupuncture, moxibustion, Danggwisaeyeoktang. Results : After treatment, peak walking time was increased, rest pain occurrence was decreased and going up and down the stairs was improved. Conclusions : According to this study, Korean traditional medicine such as acupuncture, moxibustion, Danggwisaeyeoktang is effective for the cure of intermittent claudication and rest pain caused by arteriosclerosis of lower limbs.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2005

In this study, the operational characteristics on heating performance and energy consumption for intermittent hot water heating system in apartment buildings were research by simulation. The effects of apartment inlet hot water temperature and operation time per day on energy consumption and indoor thermal environment are investigated. The strategy of energy saving and thermal environment improvement is suggested in comparison with the existing ones.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain the operating characteristics of SMMIAR process for biological nitrogenㆍphosphorus removal. SMMIAR was operated at HLR(Hydraulic loading rate) of 39.6, 52.8, 63.4 and 79.2 $\ell$/$m^2$/d respectively and the operating parameters such as intermittent aeration time ratio of aerobic/anoxic, DO and microorganism concentration were changed to confirm the optimum operating condition. The concentrations of the wastewater BOD, TN(Total nitrogen) and TP(Total phosphorus) were 150, 30 and 7.5mg/$\ell$ respectively. Achieving better removal efficiencies of BOD, TN and TP up to 90, 85.4 and 95.4% respectively, we must keep in operation condition of SMMIAR by 0.75 of time ratio of aerobic/anoxic and by minimum 45 minutes of oxic period simultaneously.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 특별세미나,특별/일반세션
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• pp.351-355
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• 2009

There are two types of controller between railway and train. those are the Continuous Message Controller and the Intermittent Message Controller using for KHSR. The conventional Intermittent Message Controller board used a variable resister for setting the phase, but the variable resister affected some environmental facts, such as temperature, humidity, and vibration, etc. And It is requirement of reduction message processing time for speed-up operation in Next-Generation High-Speed Rail. This study suggests how to solve the problem described above. Using FPGA is quite profitable. It's easy to use and maintain, flexible with the New algorithm to fix up the problem.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2024

Wastewater management is increasingly emphasizing economic and environmental sustainability. Traditional methods in sewage treatment plants have significant implications for the environment and the economy due to power and chemical consumption, and sludge generation. To address these challenges, a study was conducted to develop the Intermittent Cycle Extended Aeration System (ICEAS). This approach was implemented as the primary technique in a full-scale wastewater treatment facility, utilizing key operational factors within the standard Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process. The optimal operational approach, identified in this study, was put into practice at the research facility from January 2020 to December 2022. By implementing management strategies within the biological reactor, it was shown that maintaining and reducing chemical quantities, sludge generation, power consumption, and related costs could yield economic benefits. Moreover, adapting operations to influent characteristics and seasonal conditions allowed for efficient blower operation, reducing unnecessary electricity consumption and ensuring proper dissolved oxygen levels. Despite annual increases in influent flow rate and concentration, this study demonstrated the ability to maintain and reduce sludge production, electricity consumption, and chemical usage. Additionally, systematic responses to emergencies and abnormal situations significantly contributed to economic, technical, and environmental benefits.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.933-943
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• 2021

Objective : Percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) fixation is a needle based procedure that requires fluoroscopic image guidance. Consequently, radiation exposure is inevitable for patients, surgeons, and operation room staff. We hypothesize that reducing the production of radiation emission will result in reduced radiation exposure for everyone in the operation room. Research was performed to evaluate reduction of radiation exposure by modifying imaging manner and mode of radiation source. Methods : A total of 170 patients (680 screws) who underwent fusion surgery with PPS fixation from September 2019 to March 2020 were analyzed in this study. Personal dosimeters (Polimaster Ltd.) were worn at the collar outside a lead apron to measure radiation exposure. Patients were assigned to four groups based on imaging manner of fluoroscopy and radiation modification (pulse mode with reduced dose) : continuous use without radiation modification (group 1, n=34), intermittent use without radiation modification (group 2, n=54), continuous use with radiation modification (group 3, n=26), and intermittent use with radiation modification (group 4, n=56). Post hoc Tukey Honest significant difference test was used for individual comparisons of radiation exposure/screw and fluoroscopic time/screw. Results : The average radiation exposure/screw was 71.45±45.75 µSv/screw for group 1, 18.77±11.51 µSv/screw for group 2, 19.58±7.00 µSv/screw for group 3, and 4.26±2.89 µSv/screw for group 4. By changing imaging manner from continuous multiple shot to intermittent single shot, 73.7% radiation reduction was achieved in the no radiation modification groups (groups 1, 2), and 78.2% radiation reduction was achieved in the radiation modification groups (groups 3, 4). Radiation source modification from continuous mode with standard dose to pulse mode with reduced dose resulted in 72.6% radiation reduction in continuous imaging groups (groups 1, 3) and 77.3% radiation reduction in intermittent imaging groups (groups 2, 4). The average radiation exposure/screw was reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from continuous imaging with standard fluoroscopy setting (group 1) to intermittent imaging with modified fluoroscopy setting (group 4). A total of 680 screws were reviewed postoperatively, and 99.3% (675) were evaluated as pedicle breach grade 0 (<2 mm). Conclusion : The average radiation exposure/screw for a spinal surgeon can be reduced 94.1% by changing imaging manner and modifying radiation source from real-time imaging with standard dose to intermittent imaging with modified dose. These modifications can be instantly applied to any procedure using fluoroscopic guidance and may reduce the overall radiation exposure of spine surgeons.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the operation characteristics with aeration time in intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor. The BOD removal efficiency rate of this process was over than 97% regardless of aeration on/off time. To get over than 82% of nitrogen removal efficiency rate, aeration off time needs more than 70 minutes in reactor. Specific denitrfication rate was 2.68 mg $NO_3-N/gMv/hr$ in 40/80 min aeration on/off time, was 2.6 times more than 60/60 min, and 1.4 times more than 50/70 min in 6,300 mg/L of MLSS concentration. Specific nitrification rate was 1.96 mg $NH_4-N/gMv/hr$ in 50/70 min, was 1.4 times more than 40/80 min, but it was effectded little upon nitrification. Microbial activity was effected little according to aeration on/off time, oxygen demend was reduced according to aeration off time increased and microbial concentration increased. The longer aeration off time become, the higher Extraceller Pollymeric Substance (EPS), 50/70 min and 40/80 min in aeration on/off time was increased 1.6 times and 2.7 times, respectively more than 60/60 min because of increase of operation pressure.

• 태양에너지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1991

본 연구는 일차원 열 성능 분석 프로그램인 SERI-RES를 이용하여 우리 고유의 난방 방식이라 할 수 있는 Radiant Floor Heating System의 운전 모드(Operation Modes)에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. SERI-RES는 원래 공기 가열식 시스템을 주요 난방 방식으로 작성된 프로그램이라 본 연구의 시뮬레이션을 수행하기 위하여 Source Code에 대한 약간의 수정을 가하였다. 얻은 결과를 분석하여 보면 Radiant Floor Heating System은 그 운용 방법(Operation Modes)에 따라 건물의 동적 열 성능에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 Test Cell에 대한 간단한 실측 실험을 통해서도 확인되었다. SERI-RES는 비록 HVAC 시스템등에 대한 구체적인 시뮬레이션은 불가하나, 비록 일차원적이기는 하지만 Radiant Floor Heating 시스템과 건물의 동적 열 성능에 대한 분석에는 상당히 효율적인 Simulation Model을 제공하였다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 침지형(YEF 750D-2) 모듈을 적용하여 공기유량에 따른 유체 유속과 간헐적인 세정공기의 공급에 의한 오염제거를 평가하는 것이다. 공기유량에 따라 모듈의 유체 유속은 선형적으로 증가하였으며, MLSS의 농도가 1,000 mg/L 증가할 때 마다 $3\times10^{-4}m{\cdot}min/sec{\cdot}L$의 비율로 유체 유속이 감소하였다. 세정공기의 공급이 정지되는 시간에 전여과가 일어나 흡인여과 시간 동안 겔층 위에 케익층이 형성되었다. 20초 정지와 20초 공기공급의 간헐공기주입으로 형성된 케익층이 역세정에 의하여 제거되면서 압력증가율이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 겔층이 제거되는 메커니즘은 세정 공기공급을 교대로 하여 겔층 위에 케익층을 형성시켜 케익층이 제거될 때 겔층이 함께 제거되는 원리로 설명할 수 있다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2000

The characteristics of two different modes of perfusion culture, intermittent and continuous bleedings, were investigated by culturing the hybridoma cells producing von Willebrand Factor (vWF) monoclonal antibody (McAb) in a 15 L bioreactor without clogging the filter. Both culture methods exhibited similar profiles of cell density and metabolite concentrations during the culture period at the cell concentration of around 1${\times}$107 cells/mL. When the perfusion rate was increased, the intermittrnt bleeding culture showed problems of ammonia accumulation and decrease of cell viability. The continuous bleeding culture in terms of nutrient consumption and metabolite production kinetics. But the analysis of specific oxygen consumption rate showed that the specific oxygen consumption rate of intermittent bleeding culture was similar to that of exponential growth phase. The continuous bleeding culture showed higher specific oxygen consumption rate of intermittent bleeding culture. finally we proved the possibility of long-term operation of continuous bleeding culture and produced approximately 40 g of vWF McAb in a 15L bioreactor after one-month operation.