• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.843-850
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to describe the heterogeneity effects on Intermediate/Final microstructure in isothermal liquid phase sintering. Several kinds of pore shapes were made by the different in the heterogeneity stress level during Intermediate/Final stage. Specimen with 48% green density especially showed that the local regions of a sintered compact were subject to more rapid shrinkage than the surroundings. This densification limiting factors generally inhibited sintering and made the large isolated crack-like pore in heterogeneous microstructures.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.155-158
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• 1997

The investigation deals with of a intermediate process condition hving a bolt-shaped final product where it is required to extend tool-life in forging. In this study, optimization of the design variables is conducted by a genetic algorithm, where the fitness values are evaluated on the basis of FEM analysis model. The approach is applied to the determination of the intermediate process conditions which are optimal with regard to minimization of peak die pressure.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

This study investigated foot pressure patterns between experienced skiers and intermediate skiers during alpine skiing. Five experienced skiers and five intermediate skiers participated in this study. Foot pressure measurement system was used to measure vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) and contact area under the six plantar regions. Each participant was asked to perform basic parallel turns and carved turns on a $18^{\circ}$ groomed slope. Each right turn was divided into the initiation phase, the steering phase 1 and 2. For the initiation phase of the basic parallel turns, significantly greater contact area was found on the LRF and RRF of the intermediate skiers (p<.05) and significantly greater vGRF was found on the LRF of the intermediate skiers (p<.05). Also significantly greater vGRF and contact area were found on the LRF and RRF of the intermediate skiers at the steering phase 1 (p<.05) and on the LRF of the intermediate skiers at the steering phase 2 (p<.05). For the carved turns, significantly greater vGRF and contact area were found on the LRF and RRF of the intermediate skiers at all three phase (p<.05). On the other hand, significantly greater vGRF was found on the RFF of the experienced skiers at the steering phase 1 (p<.05). Also significantly greater vGRF and contact area were found on the RMF of the experienced skiers at the steering phase 2 (p<.05). In order to increase performance, we suggest that the intermediate skiers should be unweighted at the initiation phase and shift the body weight to the forefoot of the outer foot at the steering phase 1. Also, the outer ski should be loaded more than the both skis at the steering phase 1 and 2.

• 한국어교육
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the necessity of research for increasing French language learners and to examine their use of listening strategies according to their proficiency as a basic study for their continuous learning and communication skills. In the case of French language Korean learners, both the beginner and intermediate learners used the upper cognitive strategy most frequently. However, the cognitive strategy, which has been mentioned as a frequently used strategy in previous studies, was found to be the least used in this study. This finding can be attributed to differences in mores and mastery of prior studies and research subjects. The cognitive strategy was lower in both the beginner and intermediate levels, but the level of use increased significantly in the intermediate level compared to the beginner level, showing only statistically significant differences in the usage patterns according to the proficiency level among the four listening strategies.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.445-458
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• 2007

단일과정 접착제를 이용함에 있어 복합레진과의 부적합성을 개선하고자 중간레진이 결합에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. Experimental single step system (Bisco Ltd., Schaumburg, IL)을 대조군으로 하고 6종의 중간레진을 접착제의 중합여부, 복합레진의 광중합-자가중합 여부로 분류하였다. 상아질에 대한 광중합 또는 자가중합형 복합레진의 결합강도를 측정하고 접착계면에 대한 투과전자현미경 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 중간레진의 적용은 광중합형 복합레진의 결합강도를 증가시키지 않았다. 2. 자가중합형 복합레진의 결합강도는 중간레진을 적용할 경우 증가하였다. 3. 중간레진의 적용 전 접착제의 중합여부는 결합강도의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4. 중간레진이 친수성일 때 소수성 중간레진을 적용할 때 보다 높은 결합강도를 나타냈으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 광중합형 복합레진의 수복 시 단일과정 접착제를 사용하는 것은 초기 결합강도에 영향을 미치지 않으며, 자가중합형 복합레진을 단일과정 접착제와 사용할 때는 접착층의 투과도를 감소시키는 소수성의 중간레진을 적용하여 부적합성을 해소할 수 있을 것이다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2020

Tetracycline is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in domestic and foreign livestock industries to suppress the growth of pathogens. Tetracycline has been reported as a non-biodegradable compound. Therefore it has been not completely removed in the sewage treatment process. In this study, tetracycline was degraded using liquid ferrate (VI). Based on these experiments, the optimal water condition (pH and water temperature) were selected, appropriate liquid ferrate (VI) dosage was calculated, and finally the degradation pathway was estimated with the intermediate products detected by LC/MS/MS. All degradation experiments were completed within 30 seconds and the optimal condition was obtained in basic condition (pH 10) at room temperature (20℃). And the appropriate molar ratio between tetracycline and liquid ferrate (VI) was 12.5:1. Finally, 12 intermediate products were detected with LC/MS/MS and the degradation pathways and the degradation pathways and proposed the degradation pathways.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2019

Natural ventilation through openings such as windows in school buildings is an efficient resource for natural cooling during the intermediate season of the year. Because the natural ventilation uses the wind outside the building, the amount of ventilation will depend not only on the wind speed and wind direction but also on the window layout and open window ratio. Therefore, in this study, the natural ventilation plans of school classroom windows are divided into 4 types and 8 cases as shown in Table 1. The characteristics of cooling effect by natural ventilation are simulated by applying Energyplus's Airflow Network Model and the comfort of the occupants is evaluated by the number of hours included in the 80% acceptability range of the ASHRAE Standard 55-2010 adaptive comfort model for the weekdays (Monday-Friday) and the class hours (08: 00-19: 00). Based on the analysis results of the above, this study presents basic data related to classroom cooling plan using intermediate season natural ventilation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2018

Many laboratory experiments on crack propagation under uniaxial loading and biaxial loading have been conducted in the past using transparent materials such as resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc. However, propagation behaviors of three-dimensional (3D) cracks in rock or rock-like materials under tri-axial loading are often considerably different. In this study, a series of true tri-axial loading tests on the rock-like material with two semi-ellipse pre-existing cracks were performed in laboratory to investigate the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and propagation characteristics of 3D crack groups influenced by intermediate principal stress. Compared with previous experiments under uniaxial loading and biaxial loading, the tests under true tri-axial loading showed that shear cracks, anti-wing cracks and secondary cracks were the main failure mechanisms, and the initiation and propagation of tensile cracks were limited. Shear cracks propagated in the direction parallel to pre-existing crack plane. With the increase of intermediate principal stress, the critical stress of crack initiation increased gradually, and secondary shear cracks may no longer coalesce in the rock bridge. Crack aperture decreased with the increase of intermediate principal stress, and the failure is dominated by shear fracturing. There are two stages of fracture development: stable propagation stage and unstable failure stage. The AE events occurred in a zone parallel to pre-existing crack plane, and the AE zone increased gradually with the increase of intermediate principal stress, eventually forming obvious shear rupture planes. This shows that shear cracks initiated and propagated in the pre-existing crack direction, forming a shear rupture plane inside the specimens. The paths of fracturing inside the specimens were observed using the Computerized Tomography (CT) scanning and reconstruction.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2022

Background: The present study evaluated the clinical implications of adjuvant chemotherapy according to the mismatch repair (MMR) status and clinicopathologic features of patients with intermediate- and high-risk stage II colon cancer (CC). Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 5,774 patients who were diagnosed with CC and underwent curative surgical resection at Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital. The patients were enrolled according to the following criteria: (1) pathologically diagnosed with primary CC; (2) stage II CC classified based on the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system; (3) intermediate- and high-risk features; and (4) available test results for MMR status. A total of 286 patients met these criteria and were included in the study. Results: Among the 286 patients, 54 (18.9%) were identified as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficient MMR (dMMR). Although all the patients identified as MSI-H/dMMR showed better survival outcomes, T4 tumors and adjuvant chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival. For the intermediate-risk patients identified as MSI-low (MSI-L)/microsatellite stable (MSS) or proficient MMR (pMMR), adjuvant chemotherapy exhibited a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) but had no impact on overall survival (OS). Oxaliplatin-containing regimens showed no association with DFS or OS. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with DFS in intermediate-risk patients identified as MSI-H/dMMR. Conclusion: The current study found that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy was correlated with better DFS in MSI-L/MSS or pMMR intermediate-risk stage II CC patients.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2001년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.155-158
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• 2001

An intermediate cooling is indispensible to reduce the refrigeration power at superconducting system that is cooled conductively by a cryocooler without liquid cryogens. The cooling load at the intermediate stage is caused by the mechanical supports, the radiation shield and the current lead. From the cooling load calculation, a thermodynamic analysis that take into account the temperature-dependent properties of the materials and the actual performance of the cryocooler is developed. For any given physical dimensions of the various components, it is shown that there exist a unique optimum for the intermediate temperature to minimize the overall refrigeration power. The results of this study can be usefully applied to the selection of the cryocooler as well as the design of the conduction-cooled cryostat.