• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.572-576
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• 2020

As grouper aquaculture production intensifies worldwide, hybrids are increasingly produced to induce heterosis of traits such as rapid growth and strong environmental adaptability. In this study, we compared the morphological characteristics of a hybrid grouper to those of its parent species Epinephelus moara and E. lanceolatus. The coefficients of external and skeletal traits evaluated using soft X-rays did not differ significantly among groups; however, several patterns were detected among measured traits. The body depth (BD), length of caudal peduncle (LCP), and pre-anal fin length (PAL) of the hybrid were the same as those of E. moara, whereas the pre-pectoral fin length (PPL) and interorbital width (IOW) of the hybrid were the same as those of E. lanceolatus. Traits that did not differ significantly among the three groups included pre-dorsal fin length (PDL), pre-ventral fin length (PVL), length of anal fin (LAF), and length of dorsal fin (LDF), whereas the depth of caudal peduncle (DCP) and snout length (SNL) showed intermediate traits, and eye diameter (ED) was significantly smaller in the hybrid. Therefore, intermediate traits such as DCP and SNL and specific traits such as ED may be used as indices for hybrid classification.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.543-546
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• 2009

"원교 가-단과지 1호"는 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서 고품질 중생종 "Starkrimson"에 무측지성 "McIntosh Wijick"을 1992년에 교배하여, 2000년부터 2008년까지 그 특성을 조사한 결과, 과실 특성이 뛰어난 계통을 중간모본으로 최종 선발 하였다. 만개기는 "홍로"와 비슷하거나 2일 정도 느리고, 숙기는 "홍로"보다 일주일 정도 느리다. 수세는 중, 수자는 반개장형이고, 단과지 형성 및 착과량은 "홍로"와 같이 많은 편이다. 과실은 장원추형이며, 과피색은 "홍로"와 같이 선홍색이다. 평균 과중은 218 g 내외이며, 당도는 $14^{\circ}Bx$로 높고, 산도는 0.41%로 새콤한 맛과 달콤한 맛이 아주 뛰어나 청년층의 기호가 높을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.145-161
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• 2015

This research was conducted in order to understand the hybridization between Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea which show wide range of morphological variations within species and interspecific variations of diverse overlapping characteristics caused by hybridization. Morphological analysis (principal components analysis; PCA) of 116 individuals representing two species and their intermediates were performed. As a result, two species were clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, and intermediate morpho-types assumed to be hybrids between the two species were mostly located in the middle of each parent species in the plot of the principal components analysis. There was a clear distinction between two species in trichome distribution pattern which is an important diagnostic character in taxonomy of genus Quercus, whereas intermediate morpho-types showed intermediate state between two species' trichome distributions. Forty-two individuals representing two species and their intermediates were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified: They were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin. The flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena were five glycosylated derivatives: kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. The flavonoid constituents of Q. serrata had 20 diverse flavonol compounds including five flavonoid compounds found in Q. aliena. It was found that there is a clear difference in flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Flavonoid chemistry is very useful in recognizing each species and putative hybrids. The flavonoid constituents of intermediates were a mixture of the two species' constituents and they generally showed similar characteristics to morpho-types. The hybrids between Q. aliena and Q. serrata showed morphologically and chemically diverse characteristics and it is assumed that there are frequent interspecific hybridization and introgression.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권12B호
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• pp.1475-1482
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• 2009

ZigBee 네트워크에서 ZigBee 노드는 배터리로 동작하기 때문에 에너지의 효율적인 사용은 필수적이다. 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서는 불필요한 네트워크 트래픽을 줄이는 것은 하나의 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 ZigBee 네트워크에서 목적지 노드의 depth를 이용한 효율적인 중간 경유지 감소 알고리즘을 제시한다. 기존 tree 라우팅에서는 각 노드가 오직 자신의 부모 노드 또는 자식 노드에게만 데이터를 전송하는 비효율적인 방식을 채택하고 있다. 마찬가지로 본 논문에서 제안하는 효율적인 중간 경로 감소 알고리즘도 tree 라우팅을 기반으로 하고 있다. 하지만 네이버 테이블과 목적지의 depth를 이용하여 부모나 자식노드만이 아닌 다른 이웃노드에게 전송 가능케 함으로서 그 동안 Tree 라우팅에서 발생했던 coordinator 데이터 병목 현상과 불필요 중간 경로를 최소화시킬 수 있는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5847-5852
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• 2015

Background: Smoking behavior is related to numerous factors, including psychosocial parameters. This study investigated the association between family context factors and smoking among male adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted during 2014. The study sampled 900 students from intermediate and secondary schools in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Data concerning smoking status, sociodemographic, parental and friends' smoking behavior, and family factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. These data were employed to estimate the prevalence of smoking using appropriate statistical analyses including multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 900 students, 870 completed the study questionnaire (96.7%). Of the respondents, 181 students (20.8%, 95% CI=18.1%-23.5%) were current smokers, and a much higher prevalence was observed among adolescents with most or all of their friends smoking (48.1%) and those living with neither parent (47.4%). The adjusted risk of smoking increased significantly among adolescents who lived with neither parent (OR=3.3; 95% CI=1.1-9.2) and among those who reported little or no parental supervision (OR=1.5; 95% CI=1.0-2.1). Conclusions: Family context factors are associated with an increased risk of smoking behavior among male adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1997

Protoplast fusion between L. casei KCTC 1121 and L. acidophilus 88 was attempted to obtain improved strains. The fusants produced a bacteriocin against indicator strains, making a smaller inhibition zone compared to that of L. acidophilus 88. After culturing for 2 months on selective medium, the selected fusants were still stable without segregation. Fusants showed higher lipase activity compared to those of the two parent strains. Fusant No.4, 11, and 15 exhibited excellent lactic acid productivity. Fusant No.4 and 15 exhibited improved proteolysis ability compared to the two parent strains. Whereas L. casei possessed both ${\beta}-galactosidase$ and $phospho-{\beta}-galactosidase$ activities, and L. acidophilus 88 had only ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity, the fusants had both the intermediate enzyme activities. Cell size of the fusants was greater than that of the parents.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.294-297
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• 2010

양파 중간모본 웅성불임 계통 '원예30001'은 2000년 Ginque 자식 집단에서 웅성불임개체를 선발하여 고정종 자식계통 YG-1-1을 교배하여 2002년에 유지계통을 선발하고 2009년까지 4회 여교잡을 하여 계통의 안정성을 확인한 후 MMS17로 명명하여 2009년에 직무육성신품종 심사를 거쳐 2010년에 국립종자원에 '원예30001'로 명명하여 품종보호 출원하였다. '원예30001'은 웅성불임(CMS-S)계통으로 초형은 반개장형이며 도복기는 5월 20일이다. 초장은 57 cm, 엽수 8매, 엽초경은 15.9 cm로 지상부의 생육이 왕성하며 구중은 260 g, 구형지수 89인 원형 황색 양파계통이다. 노균병에 중간 정도의 저항성이 있으나 내한성과 저장성은 강하다. 모구의 채종 특성으로 개화기는 5월 23일이며 구당 화경수는 6개, 화경 장은 135 cm이며 화구 폭은 84 mm이며 100% 웅성불임 이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2017

콩의 성숙 종실에 들어 있는 stachyose 및 raffinose 성분은 난소화성당으로 콩이나 콩 제품의 품질, 영양가치 및 가공적성을 저하시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. Stachyose 및 raffinose의 함량이 낮은 육종계통들의 농업적 형질을 평가하여 용도별 난소화성당의 함량이 낮은 콩 품종 육성을 위한 자료를 얻기 위하여 본 실험이 진행되었으며 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전체 7개의 모본을 이용하여 난소화성당의 함량이 낮은 10개의 $F_6$ 선발 계통은 포장 평가에서 초장, 종피색, 백립중, 성숙기, 수량, 도복등 농업형질에서 다양한 차이를 보였다. 2. 883-1 선발 계통은 백립중이 14.3 g으로 수확기가 9월 21일로 조숙이며 도복이 강하여 난소화성당 저함량 조생 소립품종 육성을 위한 중간모본으로 적당하였다. 3. 백립중이 20-26 g 범위의 중립인 5개의 계통(15A1, 15D1, RS-5, RS-64, RS-70)중에서 RS-5 계통은 백립중이 20.1 g 정도이며 종자상태가 매우 우수하고 도복에 강하여 난소화성당의 함량이 낮은 중립콩 품종 육성을 위한 중간모본으로 이용성이 높았다. 4. 난소화성당의 함량이 낮아 품질 및 기능성이 우수한 장류용콩 품종 육성을 위한 중간 모본으로 14G20 선발계통은 도복이 강하며 수량성이 매우 높고 백립중이 29.7 g 정도의 대립이었다. 5. 검정종피와 녹색자엽을 가진 RS-21 계통은 도복이 강하며, 수량성이 매우 높고 백립중이 28.7 g 정도의 대립으로, 난소화성당의 함량이 낮은 특수용콩 품종 육성을 위한 중간모본으로 이용성이 높았다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.536-543
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• 2011

The heterogeneous postal delivery model assumes that each intermediate node in the multicasting tree incurs a constant switching time for each message that is sent. We have proposed a new model where we assume a more generalized switching time at intermediate nodes. In our model, a child node v of a parent u has a switching delay vector, where the ith element of the vector indicates the switching delay incurred by u for sending the message to v after sending the message to i-1 other children of u. Given a multicast tree and switching delay vectors at each non-root node 5 in the tree, we provide an O(n$^{\frac{5}{2}}$) optimal algorithm that will decide the order in which the internal (non-leaf) nodes have to send the multicast message to its children in order to minimize the maximum end-to-end delay due to multicasting. We also show an important lower bound result that optimal multicast switching delay problem is as hard as min-max matching problem on weighted bipartite graphs and hence O(n$^{\frac{5}{2}}$) running time is tight.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.260-262
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• 2004

In agreement with the results of previous MP2 calculations by Sauers, B3LYP, CASSCF, and CASPT2 calculations on the parent 2-carbena-1,3-dioxolane show that it fragments to ethylene plus $CO_2$ by a concerted pathway with only a small energy barrier. Not only is fragmentation via stepwise C-O bond cleavage computed to be a much higher energy pathway, but the singlet diradical that would be an intermediate along such a reaction path is not even computed to be a local minimum on the potential energy surface.