• Title/Summary/Keyword: Intermediate Node

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Authentication Protocol for Inter-Vehicle Communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET 상에서의 차량간 통신을 위한 인증 프로토콜)

  • Park, Young-Ho;Na, Jin-Han;Moon, Sang-Jae
    • Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.81-85
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    • 2009
  • In VANET, it is required one-way broadcast transmission because vehicles move at high speed and warning messages need to broadcast. our protocol employs digital signatures to authenticate nodes along the path. this prevents impersonation attacks and message modification attacks. our protocol also employs the node list to recognize intermediate nodes of the path. The node list, the time, and the nonce can prevent replay attacks.

Efficient Energy and Position Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Shivalingagowda, Chaya;Jayasree, P.V.Y;Sah, Dinesh.K.
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.1929-1950
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    • 2020
  • Reliable and secure data transmission in the application environment assisted by the wireless sensor network is one of the major challenges. Problem like blind forwarding and data inaccessibility affect the efficiency of overall infrastructure performance. This paper proposes routing protocol for forwarding and error recovery during packet loss. The same is achieved by energy and hops distance-based formulation of the routing mechanism. The reachability of the intermediate node to the source node is the major factor that helps in improving the lifetime of the network. On the other hand, intelligent hop selection increases the reliability over continuous data transmission. The number of hop count is factor of hop weight and available energy of the node. The comparison over the previous state of the art using QualNet-7.4 network simulator shows the effectiveness of proposed work in terms of overall energy conservation of network and reliable data delivery. The simulation results also show the elimination of blind forwarding and data inaccessibility.

Energy-Aware Data Compression and Transmission Range Control Scheme for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (에너지 수집형 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 에너지 적응형 데이터 압축 및 전송 범위 결정 기법)

  • Yi, Jun Min;Oh, Eomji;Noh, Dong Kun;Yoon, Ikjune
    • IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2016
  • Energy-harvesting nodes in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) can be exhausted due to a heavy workload even though they can harvest energy from their environment. On contrast, they can sometimes fully charged, thus waste the harvested energy due to the limited battery-capacity. In order to utilize the harvested energy efficiently, we introduce a selective data compression and transmission range control scheme for energy-harvesting nodes. In this scheme, if the residual energy of a node is expected to run over the battery capacity, the node spends the surplus energy to exploit the data compression or the transmission range expansion; these operations can reduce the burden of intermediate nodes at the expanse of its own energy. Otherwise, the node performs only basic operations such as sensing or transmitting so as to avoid its blackout time. Simulation result verifies that the proposed scheme gathers more data with fewer number of blackout nodes than other schemes by consuming energy efficiently.

A Multi-hop Cooperative Transmission Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Wireless Networks (모바일 애드혹 무선 네트워크에서 멀티 홉 협력 전송 프로토콜)

  • Kong, Hyung-Yun
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we propose a multi-hop cooperative transmission protocol over Rayleigh fading channels. In the proposed protocol, the multi-hop cooperative transmission is used to improve the system performance. Due to broadcast nature, we do not limit the receiving node to be only the next node, but the destination and all the nodes between the transmitting node and the destination. The proposed protocol can hence save the average transmit power, compared with multi-hop direct transmission protocol due to the skipped transmissions from some intermediate nodes or chosen relays. The proposed scheme is implemented and evaluated in mobile ad-hoc wireless networks.

A Sensing Resolution-based Grouping Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (무선 센서 네트워크에서 센싱 정밀도에 기반 한 그룹화 통신 프로토콜)

  • Jeong Soon-Gyu;Li Poyuan;Yoo Sang-Jo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.31 no.2B
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we propose a Sensing Resolution-based Grouping(SRG) protocol for wireless sensor networks. SRG is intended for meeting the application's sensing objectives, where sensor nodes are densely deployed and have the determinate accuracy requirement. The primary contribution of this paper is active group header node selection and round-robin procedure, which increase the sensing accuracy and evenly distribute the node energy consumption. The second contribution is use of energy efficient intermediate node selection by considering group size and energy consumption. We present the design principle of SRG and provide simulation results.

Packet Replacement Technique for Securing Anonymity in P2P Network (P2P 네트워크에서 익명성 보장을 위한 패킷 대치 기법)

  • Kim Byung Ryong;Kim Ki Chang
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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    • v.12C no.3 s.99
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    • pp.331-338
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    • 2005
  • Flooding based P2P system basically provides anonymity and under the anonymity circumstances user and provider exchange information. Most of packets transferred from node to node do not contain identity information on node that sent packet. And these packets are transmitted to the destination through the routing systems dynamically composed of intermediate nodes. Therefore it is impossible to know who transmitted it for the first and who the designated recipient is. But since downloading and uploading host's IP address is exposed it does not provide anonymity. This study introduces techniques to provide anonymity for protecting identification of users and resource Providers by replacing QueryHit Packets in systems where anonymity can cause trouble.

Direct Multipropagation through Organogenesis from Nodal Explants of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata

  • Rha, Eui-Shik;Kim, Hyun-Soon;Yoo, Nam-Hee
    • Plant Resources
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.22-25
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    • 1998
  • To establish direct multipropagation through organogenesis from nodal explants of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata, the nodes were cultured on LS medium containing various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine(BA). High plant regeneration and adventitious bud formation were obtained from supplemented with 4.0mg/l of BA. Plant height was promoted by adding 0.3% activated charcoal. Plantlet regeneration capacity from nodes was depended on nodal parts on the stem, upper position was the best comparing with intermediate and lower.

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Connectivity of the GAODV Routing Protocol (GAODV 라우팅 프로토콜의 연결성)

  • Choi, Youngchol
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.21 no.7
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    • pp.1306-1312
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    • 2017
  • The route request (RREQ) packet is selectively re-broadcasted in the routing protocols that improve the broadcast storm problem of the ad-hoc on-demand routing protocol (AODV). However, in a low node density scenario, the connectivity of these selective rebroadcast schemes becomes less than that of the AODV. In order to clarify the requirements of these selective re-broadcast routing protocols, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the node density and the connectivity. In this paper, we drive a probability to preserve the connectivity of the GAODV at an intermediate rebroadcast node. In addition, we present an intuitive method to approximate the end-to-end connectivity of the GAODV. We draw the required node density to guarantee the connectivity of 0.9 and 0.99 through computer simulations, and verify the validity of the derived theoritical connectivity by comparing with the simulation results.

A Grid Based Routing Scheme Considering Node Connectivities in MANET Environments (MANET 환경에서 노드의 연결성을 고려한 그리드 기반 라우팅 기법)

  • Yoon, Soo-Yong;Kim, Jae-Gu;Lim, Jongtae;Lee, Seok-Hee;Bok, Kyoungsoo;Yoo, Jaesoo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.16-27
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we propose an efficient grid based routing scheme using the location information in order to reduce the routing cost in mobile ad-hoc networks. In our proposed scheme, all nodes can be a candidate to forward messages to the specified destination node and reduce the management cost of head nodes because they do not exist. The intermediate nodes determine the next hop relaying messages on the basis of location relations between a node and a grid zone. The proposed scheme explores the routing path considering the direction of a node using the coordinate of a grid zone and neighbor node information. It also maintains the routing path considering connectivities among the nodes. In order to show the superiority of the proposed routing scheme, we compare it with the existing grid based routing scheme in terms of the overhead of message, the success rate of transmission.

A Mobility Header Conversion Mechanism for Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6 Communications (Mobile IPv4/Mobile IPv6 통신을 위한 모바일 헤더 변환 메커니즘)

  • Kim, Dae-Sun;Hong, Choong-Seon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.32 no.1B
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2007
  • An interworking translator for IPv6 and IPv4 services can be defined as an intermediate component between a native IPv4 host and a native IPv6 host to enable direct communication between them without requiring any modifications to the hosts. But if the host is a mobile node, triangle routing problem occurs, since Mobile IPv4 allows mobile node to roam transparently in my network. In this situation, mobile node must notify transfer information to its own home agent and correspondent node in IPv6 network. But current NAT-PT does not permit mobility header translation. Therefore, NAT-PT does not support efficient communication between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6. In this paper, we propose a mobility header conversion mechanism to resolve the triangle routing problem between Mobile IPv4 and Mobile IPv6.