• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

Ubiquitin 폴딩 반응의 초기에 나타나는 transient 폴딩 intermediate 상태의 열역학적인 특성을 연구하였다. 온도와 화학변성제의 농도를 바꾸어주면서 측정한 폴딩 kinetics의 결과로부터 unfolded 상태와 intermediate 상태의 평형상수 및 자유에너지를 quantitative kinetic modeling을 통하여서 구하였으며 또한 온도에 따른 자유에너지의 변화로부터 unfolded 상태에서 intermediate 상태로 전환될 때의 열역학적 함수인 ${\Delta}H,\;{\Delta}S,\;{\Delta}C_p$를 구하였다. Ubiquitin이 unfolded 상태에서 intermediate 상태가 될 때의 ${\Delta}C_p$는 unfolded 상태에서 native 상태로 되는 과정의 ${\Delta}C_p$의 약 80% 정도 되었다. 이것은 intermediate가 native 상태에 가까운 매우 조밀한 구조를 이루고 있는 ensemble state임을 나타낸다. 상온에서의 ${\Delta}H$는 양의 값을 보였다. 이는 ubiquitin의 unfolded 상태에서 소수성 잔기 주위에 위치한 물 분자의 규칙적인 구조가 intermediate 상태가 될 때 와해되기 때문이라고 여겨진다. 이러한 양의 enthalpy는 자유로워진 물 분자에 의한 전체 계의 entropy의 증가에 의하여서 보상되어 unfolded 상태에서intermediate 상태로의 전환은 음의 자유에너지를 갖게 되며 폴딩 반응의 초기에 관찰되는 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1994년도 학술발표대회논문집 하
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• pp.79-84
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to find out the relation between the outdoor activity and independent behavior of infant and the physical charater of the intermediate-territory. Another purpose is to find out the estimate of infant smother to the intermediate-territory as the space of the infant's outdoor life. As the result of this study, the following points are confirmed :1) The outdoor activity. cognition. independent behavior of infant is affected by the physical character of the intermediate-territory.2) The time and frequency of outdoor activity is affected by the physical character of the intermediate-territory. 3) The cognition and the boundary of outdoor activity are affected by the physical character of the intermediate-territory.4) The time of independent behavior is affected by the physical character of the intermediate-territory.5) The estimate of infant's mother to the intermediate-territory as the space of infant’s activity is very bad. Therefore the physical environment of intermediate-territory is very poor.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to find out the relation between the outdoor activity and independent behavior of infant and the physical charater of the intermediate-territory. Another purpose is to find out the estimate of infant's mother to the intermediate-territory as the space of the infant's outdoor life. As the result of this study, the following points are confirmed: 1) The outdoor activity, cognition, independent behavior of infant is affected by the physical character of the intermediate-territory. 2) The time and frequency of outdoor activity is affected bu the physical character of the intermediate-territory. 3) The cognition and the boundary of outdoor activity are affected by the physical character of the intermediate-territory. 4) The time of independent behavior is affected by the physical character of the intermediate-territory. 5) The estimate of infant's mother to the intermediate-territory as the space of infant's activity is very bad. The physical environment of intermediate-territory is very poor.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.67-111
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• 2010

This paper examined the role of intermediate texts in the writing process in the context of an EFL composition class. From the tradition of teacher research, this study examined how the Korean college students in different proficiency groups created intermediate texts and used them while composing their own writing. The students produced various types of intermediate texts during the compositing process, which could serve as a basis of their writing. However, the patterns of using these intermediate texts differed widely across the proficiency groups. A writing cycle for the low proficiency group, or "surface reading-few intermediate texts-writing," indicates that less proficient students tended to engage in reading in separation of writing practices and thus produced few intermediate texts through their literacy practices. On the other hand, the students in the higher proficiency groups revealed the more integrated pattern (i.e., purpose reading/intermediate texts/writing), indicating that they often engaged in reading with specific writing purposes, practiced reading in connection to other writing practices, and elaborated written intermediate texts produced. This study argues that, to shift our student writers to a higher level category, we as teachers need to help them engage in reading and writing practices in the way they produce and use intermediate texts appropriate to their specific writing purposes.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2003

The effects of zinc on arginine kinase and its collapsed-state intermediate were studied. Both arginine kinase and the collapsed-state intermediate were inactivated in the presence of zinc, following a biphasic kinetic course. The corresponding apparent rate constants of inactivation at different zinc concentrations and conformational changes in the presence of 0.5 mM zinc were obtained. The conformational changes of arginine kinase and the collapsed-state intermediate were followed by fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism spectra. Comparison of the results for arginine kinase and the collapsed-state intermediate showed that the collapsed-state intermediate was more susceptible to zinc, which indicated that the collapsed-state intermediate was more flexible and unstable than arginine kinase. The special structure of arginine kinase might explain these diverse phenomena.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2010

In the multi-pass shape drawing process, it is important to design the intermediate dies for producing sound products. Up to now, the design of the intermediate dies is mainly carried out by the industrial experts based on their experience. In this study, a design program was developed to design the intermediate dies for multi-pass shape drawing process. The program was programmed by using VisualLISP. In this program the intermediate dies can be designed by using the initial material shape and the final product shape. In order to verify the effectiveness, the program was applied to design the intermediate dies of multi-pass shape drawing for producing four teeth spline and gun slide. Finally, FE analysis and shape drawing experiment were performed to verify the effectiveness of the designed intermediate dies. As a result, it was possible to produce the drawn products with the required dimensional accuracy.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to draw a conclusion on the impact of intermediate software on enterprise results. In this paper, product innovation and product reliability are especially used as analytical factors. An exploratory analytical study is conducted on the competitiveness of intermediate software, in the hope of gaining a new understanding of the competitiveness of intermediate software. Data are analyzed using such quantitative analytical tools as SPSS and AMOS. Using reliability analysis, validity analysis and structural equation model analysis, the final results are achieved. According to the analysis results, we can draw the following conclusions: the competitiveness of intermediate software has a positive impact on the innovation of software products. The competitiveness of intermediate software doesn't have a positive impact on the reliability of software products. Product innovation has a positive impact on enterprise results. Product reliability also has a positive impact on enterprise results. By analyzing the conclusions, we can make certain suggestions and draw implications on the competitiveness of China's software industry.

• 무역학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.159-186
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• 2016

본 연구는 1991-2012년간 동아시아 국가 간 산업별 부품무역의 비교우위를 분석하여, 동아시아 FTA 체결 시 예상되는 무역과 생산분할 구조를 분석한다. 분석기간 중 동아시아 내 부품무역의 상호의존도는 지속적으로 증가하여 왔으며, 동아시아 FAT 체결 시 구조적 변화가 없다면 한국과 일본이 동아시아 내 전기 및 전자기기, 수송기기 부품수출을 더 강화하고, 중국과 ASEAN이 최종재를 수출하는 구조는 유지될 것으로 예상된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to improve properties of plasma sprayed HAp layer to titanium substrate by introducing an intermediate layer with two different methods. Before applying Zn doped HAp coating on titanium substrate, an intermediate layer was introduced by titanium plasma spray or titanium anodization. Heat treatments were conducted for some samples after titanium intermediate layer was formed. Zn doped HAp top layer was applied by plasma spraying. Three-point bending test and pull-off adhesion test were performed to determine the adhesion of Zn doped HAp coatings to substrates. Long-term credibility of Zn doped HAp plasma sprayed coatings on titanium was assessed by electrochemical impedance measurements in Hanks' solution. It was found that both titanium plasma sprayed and titanium anodized intermediate layer had excellent credibility. Strong adhesion to the titanium substrate was confirmed after 12 weeks of immersion for coating samples with titanium plasma sprayed intermediate layer. Samples with titanium anodized intermediate layer showed good bending strength. However, they showed relatively poor resistance against pulling off. The thickness of titanium anodized intermediate layer can be controlled much more precisely than that of plasma sprayed one, which is important for practical application.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2022

Intermediate filaments are the mechanical ropes for both cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton of the cell which provide tensile force to these skeletons. In providing the mechanical support to the cell, they are likely to buckle. We used conventional Euler buckling model to find the critical buckling force under different boundary conditions which they assume during different functions. However, there are many experimental and theoretical studies about other cytoskeleton components which demonstrate that due to mechanical coupling with the surrounding surface, the critical buckling force increases considerably. Motivated with these results, we also investigated the influence of surface effects on the critical buckling force of intermediate filaments. The surface effects become profound because of increasing ratio of surface area of intermediate filaments to bulk at nano-scale. The model has been solved analytically to obtain relations for the critical forces for the buckling of intermediate filaments without and with surface effects. We found that critical buckling force with surface effects increases to a large extent due to mechanical coupling of intermediate filaments with the surrounding surface. Our study may be useful to develop a unified experimental protocol to characterize the physical properties of Intermediate filaments and may be helpful in understanding many biological phenomenon involving intermediate filaments.