• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.377-383
• /
• 2021

Purpose: We investigated the association of effector memory (EM) CD8⁺ T cell and CD4⁺ T cell immunity with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Surface and intracellular staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed. Anti-interleukin-7 receptor-alpha (IL-7Rα) and CX3CR1 antibodies were used to stain the subsets of EM CD8⁺ T cells, while anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) antibodies were used for CD4⁺ T cell subsets. Results: Of the 47 obese children, 11 were female. Children with MS had significantly higher levels of serum insulin (34.8±13.8 vs. 16.4±6.3 µU/mL, p<0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (8.9±4.1 vs. 3.9±1.5, p<0.001) than children without MS. Children with MS revealed significantly higher frequencies of IL-7Rα^low CD8⁺ T cells (60.1±19.1% vs. 48.4±11.5%, p=0.047) and IL-7Rα^lowCX3CR1⁺ CD8⁺ T cells (53.8±20.1% vs. 41.5±11.9%, p=0.036) than children without MS. As the serum triglyceride levels increased, the frequency of IL-7Rα^lowCX3CR1⁺ and IL-7Rα^highCX3CR1^- CD8⁺ T cells increased and decreased, respectively (r=0.335, p=0.014 and r=-0.350, p=0.010, respectively), in 47 children. However, no CD4⁺ T cell subset parameters were significantly different between children with and without MS. Conclusion: In obese children with MS, the changes in immunity due to changes in EM CD8⁺ T cells might be related to the morbidity of obesity.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.199-200
• /
• 2007

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.135.2-135.2
• /
• 2003

We studied the effect of methanol extract of Pachydictyon coriaceum (PC) on atopic allergic reaction. PC dose-dependently inhibited interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ secretion from the PMA- pius A23187- stimulated HMC-1. PC also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine and $\beta$-hexosaminidase release from mast cells. PC had no cytotoxic effect. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.136.1-136.1
• /
• 2003

We studied the effect of methanol extract of Sargassum hemiphylum(SH) on atopic allergic reaction. SH dose-dependently inhibited interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ secretion from the PMA- plus A23187- stimulated HMC-1. SH also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine and $\beta$-hexosaminidase release from mast cells. (omitted)

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.525-536
• /
• 2014

Although tobacco use has been known as one of the biggest risk factors on periodontal health, little is known about the effect of smoking cessation on it. The aim of this study was to investigate the change of concentration of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9 and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of 11 quit-smokers for 1 year after smoking cessation. Eleven male subjects to maintain quit-smoking for 1 year participated the oral examination, GCF and saliva collection without periodontal treatments at baseline, after 2 weeks, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 1 year. To confirm quit-smoking, nicotine and cotinine concentrations in saliva were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. MMP-8, MMP-9 and IL-$1{\beta}$ concentrations in GCF of upper anterior teeth area were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Change of MMP-8 in GCF during smoking cessation showed fluctuation with decrease (5 subjects) or increase (2 subjects) or maintenance tendency (4 subjects). Changes of MMP-9 were decrease (6 subjects), or increase (2 subjects), or maintenance (3 subjects). Change of IL-$1{\beta}$ also showed fluctuation with decrease (5 subjects) or increase (3 subjects) or maintenance tendency (3 subjects). The subjects with increase tendency had the relatively smaller amount concentration of MMP-8 and MMP-9 at the baseline. It was unclear smoking cessation without periodontal treatment could affect MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-$1{\beta}$ in GCF. Fluctuation of periodontal biomarkers during smoking cessation might result from feedback interaction between environmental factors and periodontal cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.12
• /
• pp.1718-1728
• /
• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the in vitro ability of keratinase to hydrolyze soybean glycinin and ${\beta}$-conglycinin and to evaluate the in vivo effects of keratinase when included in corn-soybean diets with different levels of crude protein and fed to nursery pigs. In experiment 1, a saturated keratinase solution (1 ml) was added to two blank controls of either glycinin or ${\beta}$-conglycinin resulting in the hydrolysis of 94.74% glycinin and 88.89% ${\beta}$-conglycinin. In experiment 2, 190 pigs (8.3${\pm}$0.63 kg BW) were allotted to one of four treatments in a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement on the basis of body weight, and sex was balanced among the pens. The effects of crude protein (19 vs. 22%) and keratinase (0 vs. 0.05%) were studied. Each treatment was applied to six pens with seven (two pens) or eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 21 d. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved (p<0.05) with keratinase supplementation while feed intake was reduced (p<0.05). Keratinase supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein and phosphorus. Keratinase supplementation also increased n-butyric acid in the cecum and colon, lactobacilli and total anaerobe counts in the colon as well as the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum. Additionally, fecal score, ammonia nitrogen and branch chain volatile fatty acids in the colon, E. coli and total aerobe counts in the colon, crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum as well as serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) by keratinase supplementation. A reduction in dietary crude protein decreased (p<0.05) colon ammonia nitrogen concentration and cecal propionic acid and branch chain volatile fatty acid concentrations. In addition, cecal E. coli counts, colon total anaerobe counts, ileal crypt depth, and serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) with the reduction of dietary crude protein. With the exception of fecal scores, there were no significant interactions between crude protein and keratinase. This study provides evidence that dietary keratinase supplementation improved nursery pig performance by improving intestinal morphology and ecology, thus improving nutrient digestibility and alleviating the inflammatory response.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.24 no.4 s.47
• /
• pp.871-883
• /
• 1994

This experiment was designed to study possible roles of $interleukin-1\beta$, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ in bone remodeling by measuring their effects on $PGE_2,\; LTB_4$ and collagenase production when they were administered to human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were collected from first premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment. They were incubated in the environment of $37^{\circ}C,\;5\%\;Co^2,\;and\;100\%$ humidity. They were treated with $0.25\%$ trypsin-EDTA solution and centrifuged. PDL cells in the fifth to seventh passage were used for the experiment. Cells were seeded onto the culture dishes and when they were successfully attached, human recombinant $interleukin-1\beta$, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-\alpha$ were administered, alone or in combination. They were incubated for 4, 8 and 24 hours and the levels of $PGE_2,\;LTB_4$ and collagenase released into the culture media were assessed by enzymeimmunoassay and collagenase activity assay. The conclusions are as follows: 1. $IL-1\beta\;and\;TNF-\alpha$ were very active in stimulating the production of $PGE_2$ and collagenase by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, while IL-6 increased $LTB_4$ production. 2. $IL-1\beta$ significantly increased $PGE_2$, but $LTB_4$ Production was not increased. $IL-1\beta$ is thought to act mainly via the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. 3. IL-6 tended to inhibit $IL-1\beta$ in the production of $PGE_2$ and collagense whereas IL-6 and $TNF-\alpha$ showed auditive effect in the level of $PGE_2$. The above cytokines increased the release of at least one of $PGE_2,\;LTB_4$ and collagenase. It suggests that cytokines are involved in bone remodeling process by stimulating PDL fibroblasts to produce various bone-resorptive agents. The roles of cytokines in bone remodeling as a whole would need further study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.18
• /
• pp.7869-7873
• /
• 2014

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an antitumor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory cytokine, are immunomodulatory products that play important roles in responses in cancers and inflammation. We tested the association between two polymorphisms of IL-12(1188A>C; rs3212227) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) and the risk of bladder cancer in 261 patients and 251 healthy individuals. We also investigated the possible association of these SNPs in patients with high-risk jobs and smoking habits with the incidence of bladder cancer. The genotype distributions of IL-6 (-174 C/G) genotype were similar between the cases and the control groups; however, among patients with smoking habits, the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and incidence of bladder cancer was significant. After a control adjustment for age and sex, the following results were recorded: CC genotype (OR= 2.11, 95%CI=1.56-2.87, p=0.007), GC genotype (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.16-4.12, p=0.014) and GC+CC (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.43-4.47, p=0.011). A significant risk of bladder cancer was observed for the heterozygous genotype (AC) of IL-12 (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.01-2.14, p=0.045) in all cases, and among smokers (AC) (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.82-5.37, p=0.00014), combined AC+CC (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.8-5.18, p=0.000015). Moreover among high risk job patients, there was more than a 3-fold increased risk of cancer in the carriers of IL-12 beta heterozygous (OR=3.7, 95%CI=2.04-6.57, p=0.000056) and combined AC+CC(OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.58-5.86, p=0.00002) genotypes as compared with the AA genotype with low-risk jobs. As a conclusion, this study suggests that IL-12(3'UTR A>C) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) genotypes are significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in the Iranian population with smoking habits and/or performing high-risk jobs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.37 no.sup2
• /
• pp.409-426
• /
• 2007

세균성 치태는 치은의 염증과 치주 조직 파괴를 동반하는 치주염의 주요한 인자로서 치주 조직 건강을 유지하기 위하여 적절한 치태 조절이 필요하다. 본 논문의 목적은 12주 동안 만성 초기 및 중등도 치주염 환자에서 치은염에 대한 임상 지수의 감소, interleukin-6 (IL-6) 농도와 치주질환 원인균인 Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans)에 대한 소니케어 전동 칫솔의 효과를 일반 칫솔과 비교해 보고자 하는 데 있다. 총 82명의 환자를 선택하였으며, 30명은 일반 칫솔, 52명은 소니케어 전동 칫솔 군으로 분류하여 칫솔질 교육을 실시하였다. 전악을 전치부와 구치부로 나누어 초진, 1, 4, 12주에서의 치태, 치은 지수 및 탐침 시 출혈 여부를 조사하였으며, 가장 깊은 치주낭 탐침을 보이는 치아 3개를 선택하여 탐침 깊이와 부착 정도를 측정하였고, 선택된 치아에서 초진, 1, 12주에 채취된 샘플을 통해 치은열구액 내의 IL-6 농도와 P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans의 CT값을 추가적으로 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1 소니케어 전동 칫솔과 일반 칫솔군 모두 치은 염증을 나타내는 임상 지수 (치태지수, 치은지수, 탐침 시 출혈)는 12주 기간 동안 유의한 감소 (p<0.05)를 보였으나, 전동 칫솔 군에서 통계학적으로 더욱 유의하게 (p<0.05) 나타났다. 2. 전치부를 제외한 구치부 치아에서 소니케어 전동 칫솔군은 12주 기간 동안 탐침 시 출혈의 감소가 통계학적으로 유의하게 (p<0.05) 나타났다. 3. 가장 깊은 치주낭 탐침 깊이를 보이는 3개의 선택된 치아에서 치주낭 탐침 깊이와 부착 정도는 두 군 모두 초진에 비해 유의한 감소 (p<0.05)를 보였다. 퍼센트 변화 비교에서 치주낭 탐침 깊이는 소니케어 전동 칫솔군이 $18.47{\pm}10.05%$, 일반 칫솔군이 $14.19{\pm}8.16%$로, 부착 정도는 소니케어 전동 칫솔군이 $24.26{\pm}12.51%$, 일반 칫솔군이 $15.65{\pm}9.92%$로 각각 나타났으나, 군 간 통계적 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 4. 치은열구액의 IL-6 농도는 두 군 모두 12주 기간 동안 통계적으로 유의한 감소 (p<0.05)를 나타내었다. 퍼센트 변화 비교에서 전동 칫솔군은 51%, 일반 칫솔군은 37%로 각각 나타났으나, 군 간 통계적 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 5. Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans의 관찰에서 두 군 모두 유의한 차이는 없었다. 위 결과를 통해 본 연구에서는 소니케어 전동 칫솔의 사용이 일반 칫솔에 비하여 만성 초기 및 중등도 치주염 환자에서 치태의 제거, 치은 염증 및 임상 지수의 감소에 유의한 효과가 있으며 IL-6의 감소 경향에도 효과가 있음을 관찰하였다.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 1999

To investigate the role of interleukin-l$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) in the embryonic development, in vivo and in vitro expression patterns of IL-1$\beta$ gene in the preimplantation mouse embryos were examined by RT-PCR, and the effects of explanted mouse ovi-duct and uterine epithelial cells on the expression of IL-1$\beta$ gene in the pleimplantation mouse embryos were examined by co-culture. IL-1$\beta$ mRNA was detected in the embryos from 4-cell stage to blastocyst stage in vivo and from morula stage to hatching blastocyst stage in vitro. This transcript was not detected from the GV stage to late 2-cell stage in vivo, and not at the 4-cell and 8-cell stages in vitro. For the co-culture of late 2-cell embryos with the explanted mouse oviduct and uterine epithelial cells, oviducts and uterine epithelial cells were isolated at 48 hour alter the hCG injection. The explanted oviduct and uterine epithelial cells in co-culture groups facilitated the IL-1$\beta$ gene expression of the mouse embryos in comparison with the control. Taken together these results suggest that the presence of IL-1$\beta$ plays an important role in preimplantation embryonic development. In addition, the up-regulation of IL-1$\beta$ gene expression by the explanted oviduct and uterine epithelial cells demonstrates that embryonic expression of IL-l$\beta$ gene may be regulated by the interaction with oviductal and uterine factor (s).