• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) of the advanced composite materials as structural materials for vehicle, has a wide application in light-weigh structural materials of airplanes, ships and automobiles because of high strength and stiffness, However, there is a design variable to be considered in practical application of the laminate composite materials, these materials are vulnerable to transverse impact. This paper is to study the effects of stacking sequence and curvature on the penetration characteristics of composite laminate shell. They are stacked to $[0_3/90_3]S,\;[90_3/0_3]s\;and\;[0_2/90_3/0]s,\;[90_2/0_3/90]s$ and their interlaminar number two and four. They are manufactured to various curvature radius (R=100, 150, 200mm and $\infty$), When the specimen is subjected to transverse impact by a steel ball, the velocity of the steel ball was measured both before and after impact by determing the time for it to pass two ballistics-screen sensors located a known distance apart. The critical penetration energy of specimen A and B with less interfaces were a little higher than those of C and D. As the curvature increases, the critical penetration energy increases linearly because the resistance to the in-plane deformation as well as bending deformation increases, which need higher critical penetration energy. The specimen A and C have higher critical penetration energy than B and D because of different stacking sequences. We examined crack length through a penetration test. For the specimen A with 2interfaces, the longest circumferential direction crack length were observed on the first interface from the impact point. For the specimen B 4-interface, the longest circumferential direction crack length were observed on the second interface from the impact point.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2019

Background: To develop a rabbit epidural steroid injection (ESI) model for analyzing steroid retention in the tissue, and to assess the difference in steroid retention in the model according to the location and time elapsed after ESI. Methods: Fluoroscopy-guided ESI was performed using the interlaminar approach between the lowest two lumbar segments in 13 female New Zealand white rabbits. Four rabbits were allocated to each of three different groups according to the time of sacrifice: 3, 7, and 15 days post-ESI; the remaining rabbit was sacrificed immediately post-ESI to obtain baseline data. After sacrifice, two segments were harvested: the lowest two lumbar vertebrae and another two lumbar vertebrae immediately above these. The residual steroid amount (RSA) and residual steroid concentration (RSC) in the collected spinal columns were analyzed. A linear mixed model was used to compare RSAs and RSCs between the injected and adjacent segments, and among the number of days until sacrifice; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both RSA and RSC of the injected segment were significantly higher than those of the adjacent segment (P < 0.001, both). The RSA and RSC significantly decreased over time (P = 0.009 and P = 0.016, respectively). Conclusions: The developed rabbit ESI model verified that significantly more steroid was retained at the injected segment than at the adjacent segment and the residual steroid decreased over time. This model could be useful not only for comparing current steroid medications, but also for developing new, better steroid formulations.

• Composites Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2019

항공기 복합재료 날개 구조는 대부분 접착 혹은 패스너로 체결되어 있는데, 이러한 적층 구조 복합재료는 층간 강도가 취약하여 층간 분리가 일어나기 쉽다. 이러한 적층 복합재료의 단점을 보완하기 위해 두께 방향의 섬유를 보강한 3차원 직조형 복합재료를 통하여 강도, 손상 내구성, 충격 및 피로 하중을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한, 자동화된 직조 공정에 의하여 단일 구조 near-net-shape의 프리폼 제조가 가능하기 때문에 공정 단축, 체결 부품 감소로 복합재료 전체 가격을 절감할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 3차원 직조형 복합재료의 항공기 구조물 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 3차원 프리폼의 기본적인 구조인 orthogonal(ORT), layer-to-layer(LTL), through-the-thickness(TTT) 패턴을 직조하고 이를 복합재료로 성형하여 압축 시험, 인장 시험, Open-hole 인장 시험을 하였다. 이 중 orthogonal 직조 복합재료가 인장 및 압축 탄성계수와 강도 모두 가장 높았으며 노치 민감도에서도 orthogonal 복합재료가 일방향 적층복합재료나 패브릭 적층 복합재료에 비하여 가장 우수한 특성을 보였다.