• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Considerable longitudinal rail forces and displacements may develop in continuous welded rail (CWR) track on long-span bridges due to temperature variations. The track stability may be disturbed due to excessive relative displacements between the sleepers and ballast bed and the accompanied reduction in frictional resistance. For high-speed tracks, however, solving these problems by installing rail expansion devices in the track is not an attractive solution as these devices may cause a local disturbance of the vertical track stiffness and track geometry which will require intensive maintenance. With reference to temperature, two actions are considered by the bridge loading standards, the uniform variation in the rail and deck temperature and the temperature gradient in deck. Generally, the effect of temperature gradient has been disregarded in the interaction analysis. This paper mainly deals with the effect of temperature gradient on the track-bridge interaction with respect to the support reaction, rail stresses and stability. The study presented in this paper was not mentioned in the related codes so far.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief Scale (MFIBS). Method: The research design was a methodological study. The items generated for this scale were drawn from a comprehensive literature review. Content validity was established for the MFIBS. The 26-item scale was developed to measure the construct of the MFIBS during pregnancy and tested on 186 pregnant women. Results: The final tool consist of 20 items which were sorted into 6 factors by factor analysis. The factors were identified as 'influence of pregnancy (5 items)', 'ability of fetus (3 items)', 'maternal-fetal interaction behavior (3 items)', 'practice of taegyo (3 items)', 'ability of infant (3 items)', and 'taemong (3 items)'. The six factors explained 62.37% of the total variance in the MFIBS. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .81 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60-.85 Guttman split-half coefficient was .66. Conclusions: This scale proves to be a effective, useful tool and suitable in Korean women for measuring the Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief. Future studies are required for further refinement of the scale.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 2014

Poly(A) polymerase (PAP) play an essential role for maturation of mRNA by adding the adenylate residues at the 3' end. PAP functions are regulated through protein-protein interaction at its C-terminal region. In this study, cyclophilin A (CypA), a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family, was identified as a partner protein interacting with the C-terminal region PAP. The interaction between PAP and CypA was inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A. Deletion analysis revealed that the N-terminal 56 residues of CypA are sufficient for the interaction with PAP. Interestingly, we observed that PAP and CypA colocalize in the nucleus during SDF-1-induced chemotaxis, implying that CypA could be involved in the regulation of polyadenylation by PAP in the chemotactic cells.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the relation of peer group caring interaction, Professional self-concept, and Nurses' Retention. The subjects of this study are 133 nurses who have worked for more than three months at five general hospitals with more than 300 beds in S city. As a result of the study, nurses' retenstion was higher than those of under 25 years of age between 30 and 35(F=3.313, p=.039).The professional self-concept of hospital nurses has been identified as an influence factor of intent to serve. Professional self-concepts have been shown to be better with higher peer-care and consideration(r=.397, P=.004). The peer group caring interaction behavior can occur not only between colleagues but also between managers. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed with the manager's group caring interaction as a follow-up study.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2021

As recent virtual reality technologies provide a more natural three-dimensional interactive environment, users naturally learn to explore space and interact with synthetic objects. The virtual reality researcher develops a technique that realizes realistic sensory feedback to get appropriate feedback to sense input behavior. Although much recent virtual reality research works extensively consider the human factor, it is not easy to adapt to all new virtual environment contents. Among many human factors, distance perception has been treated as very important in virtual environment interaction accuracy. We study the experiential virtual environment with the feature of the virtual object connected with the real object. We divide the three-dimensional interaction, in which distance perception and behavior have a significant influence, into two types (whole-body movement and direct manipulation) and analyze the real and virtual visual distance perception heterogeneity phenomenon. Also, we propose a statistical correction method that can reduce a near-body movement and manipulation error when changing the interaction location and report the experiment results proving its effectiveness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.383-393
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• 2023

Conventional reinforced concrete design codes assume ideal strain evolution in semi-deep beams with externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (EB-FRP) web strips. However, there is a strain interaction between internal stirrups and web strips, leading to a notable difference between code-based and experimental shear strengths. Current study provides an experiment-verified detailed numerical framework to assess the potential strain interaction under quasi-static monotonic load. Based on the observations, steel stirrups are effective only for low EB-FRP amounts and the over-strengthening of semi-deep beams prevents the stirrups from yielding, reducing its shear strength contribution. A notable difference is detected between the code-based and the study-based EB-FRP strain values, which is a function of the normalized FRP stress parameter. Semi-analytical relations are proposed to estimate the effective strain and stress of the components considering the potential strain interaction. For the sake of simplification, a linearized correction factor is proposed for the EB-FRP web strip strain, assuming its restraining effect as constant for all steel stirrup amounts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1573-1581
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• 2004

Thermodynamic principles are described with a new point of view. In present study, the interaction between two systems is focused instead of the behavior of a system in conventional thermodynamics. The state change of a system cannot occur by itself but it is the result of the interaction between systems. However, the interaction itself is also the result of another kind of interaction, the interaction between two interactions. To reconstruct thermodynamics with such a point of view, the reversible world is imagined, in which conservations and measurements are discussed. There exists a conserved quantity for each mode of reversible interaction. The conserved transferring quantity in the interaction between interactions is the effective work, which is supposed to be measurable and conserved in reversible world. Effective work is the primary concepts of energy. It is the key factor to explain measurements, energy conservation and energy dissipation. The concepts developed in reversible world are applied to the real world in which irreversible phenomena may occur. Irreversibility is the result of effective energy dissipation, in which effective work irreversibly changes into entropy. A quantitative relation between the disappearing effective work and the generated entropy is dissipation equation which is given by experiments. A special temperature scale to give a very simple type of the dissipation equation is the absolute temperature scale, which gives the conventional conservation of energy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.335-346
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• 2013

AASHTO LRFD and Korean Bridge Design Code (Limit State Design) specify to consider Truck and Lane load simultaneously determined from reliability-based live load model, and impact shall be applied to the truck load while it shall not be applied to the lane load. In this paper, vehicle-bridge interaction analysis under moving truck and lane loads were performed to estimate impact factor of the cables and girders for the selected multi-cable-stayed composite bridges with 230m, 400m and 540m main span. A 6-d.o.f. vehicle was used for truck load and a series of single-axle vehicles was applied to simulate equivalent lane load. The effect of damping ratio on the impact factor was estimated and then the essential parameters to impact factor, i.e., road surface roughness and vehicle speed were considered. The road surface roughness was randomly generated based on ISO 8608 and it was applied to the truck load only in the vehicle-bridge interaction analysis. The impact factors evaluated from dynamic interaction analysis were also compared with those by the influence line method that is currently used in design practice to estimate impact factor in cable-stayed bridge.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.636-638
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• 1999

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the clothing image perception of elderly women according to the clothing types, the clothing colors, the perceiver's sex-role attitude, and gender. Result of factor analysis revealed that the dimensions of clothing image perception was classified into four categories: evaluation, youth, warmth, and activity. Perceiver's sex-role attitude and gender gave a significant influence on the perception of evaluation factor. Youth factor had an interaction effect on the clothing types, clothing colors, and sex-role attitudes. The persons with a conservative sex-role attitude perceived the clothing image of warm color suits as younger than the one of cold colors. The clothing image of a warm colored Hanbok (Korean traditional dress) was perceived milder than a cold one, but there were no difference in suits. Bright color suits make the wearer look younger, and cold color suits make the wearer look active. The clothing color had greater influences on the warmth and the evaluation factor than clothing types. Persons who have a conservative sex-role attitude perceived the differences according to clothing types and colors in a traditional way. It could be certified that perceiver's sex-role attitude was one of the variables influencing his/her perception in social interaction.