• Landscaping Tree
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• s.109
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• pp.6-8
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• 2009

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to identify the role of dental hygienists in exchanges between North and South Korea to lower gaps in the level of dental healthcare between the two countries by conducting a Delphi survey with specialists and identifying alternative policies regarding the utilization of dental hygienists in such exchanges. Methods: Two Delphi surveys were conducted with the participation of nine specialists, and descriptive statistical analyses including mean and standard deviation were performed on the collected data. Results: Among methods of exchange and cooperation regarding oral healthcare under the current North Korean medical system, the issue considered most urgent was the "establishment of oral healthcare infrastructure." The most important short-term strategy was identified as the "selection and formation of partnerships in the field of inter-Korean oral health exchange and cooperation." The mid-term strategy was identified as the "establishment of cooperation in the dental industry, centered on educational cooperation projects." The long-term strategy included "joint R&D projects, oral health surveys, and business development." In order to determine how best to use dental hygienists during inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation, the respondents placed urgency on the "establishment of joint cooperation projects for oral health promotion and early examination and the treatment of dental diseases and planning of community research projects" and "the role of oral health education and media development for residents." Conclusion: Cooperation is necessary regarding the preparation of oral healthcare exchanges that aim to encourage unity between North and South Korea and reduce the gaps between the North and South regarding oral health conditions. Therefore, continuous and reasonable discussions and research are needed regarding the utilization of dental hygienists in such exchanges.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2023

In North Korea, the production of courage tombs continues, and it is known that the activity rate is higher than that of old tombs. However, pot seedling are planted using hoes and shovels used for planting old tombs with exposed roots and low activity rates. This is believed to result in excessive force when stepping on the container grave with a hoe in the planting process, resulting in the collapse of the container grave or the waste of labor due to the creation of unnecessary planting holes. Therefore, when planting courage graves at North Korean afforestation sites, it is necessary to improve the work of making planting holes using general hoes in a way that improves labor productivity in a more efficient manner. As part of inter-Korean technical cooperation to improve the North Korean afforestation method, this study was conducted with the aim of developing efficient container seedlings and using them for North Korean forest restoration projects. It is believed that developing planting equipment exclusively for container graves for forest restoration in North Korea in South Korea and providing equipment and production technology to North Korea can contribute to the development of forest restoration technology in North Korea. If the Yonggeomyo Development Planting Equipment is provided to North Korea, it will be a realistic inter-Korean forest cooperation project to avoid international sanctions by recognizing the excellence of the development products by directly using its own materials through technical cooperation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.463-470
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• 2005

In a rapidly changing business environment, the improvement of managerial techniques through IT utilization brings about remarkable increases in profitability and redesign of work process for better performances. IT innovation by electronic instruments such as ICT e-business provides accelerates forming inter-organizational information network and helps them benchmark the best practices of advanced organizations. A new shift of paradigm by e-business across all enterprises has turned the traditional aspects of inter-organizational competition and relationship into a form of collaboration. Collaboration enables business activities in parallel position among companies and facilitates cooperation between partner enterprises. Lately, the concept of 'Synchronization' is emerging beyond dimension of cooperation between networks, and the most concepts related to it are converging into 'Collaboration Networks'. This research observes a virtual organization as a form of collaborative networks, and measures the degree of virtualization of Korean collaborative organizations.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.2 s.171
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

North Korea is plentiful in the mineral resources as magnesite, gold, zinc, iron, rare metal, and coal resources compared to South Korea and has 6 industrial zones which are located nearby to the mineralized areas. The industrial zones are provided with a sound infrastructures and accumulation of advanced technology. As a huge mineral and energy consuming country, South Korea imports mineral and coal resources equivalent to almost 8 trillion won annually. Inter-Korean cooperation for development of mineral resources in North Korea will be improved by the practical use of the North Korea's plentiful mineral resources, infiastructures related to development and refinement, and basic geo-technology, which would be considered toward combining with South Korean capital and Russian geo-technologies.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-46
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• 1984

Today, we have often heard that information is a national resources, perhaps our most important national resources, and that government should recognize this and develop a national policy for the effective management and use of information. But traditionally the library has played a rather passive role in selecting, acquiring, preserving and transfering information. Now we have faced greater and much more diverse and more urgent demand from users and we have to cope effectively with a massive increase in volume and in cost in selecting, acquiring, storing and retrieving information. Individual libraries can no longer keep pace with the published outputs of the world. The solution of these problems lies in "national planning and in cooperation through inter-library cooperation and in the application of data processing to library operations." Also at the national level lies the responsibility for total bibliographic control of the national information output and for the interfacing of this with other national and international systems; for the development, adoption and maintenance of, standards in all areas affecting library work; for the provision of services based on centrally created and maintained bibliographic data files, and for planning and policy development of the national information system.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new cooperative protocol in which Alamouti's scheme is applied to exploit the advantages of both coded cooperation and Alamouti's scheme. It not only has better than direct transmission but also coded cooperation at appropriate cooperation levels. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can save approximately 6~7 dB of transmit power to achieve the target BER(Bit Error Rate) compared with coded cooperation. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed protocol does not significantly depend on the qualities of inter-user channels.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.528-544
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• 2015

Base Station Cooperation (BSC) has been a promising technique for combating the Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) by exchanging information through a high-speed optical fiber back-haul to increase the diversity gain. In this paper, we propose a novel pilot symbol assisted data fusion scheme for distributed Uplink BSC (UBSC) based on Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed scheme exploits the pre-defined pilot symbols as the sample of transmitted symbols to constitute a sub-optimal Weight Calculation (WC) model. To circumvent the non-linear programming problem of the proposed sub-optimal model, DE algorithm is employed for searching the proper fusion weights. Compared with the existing equal weights based soft combining scheme, the proposed scheme can adaptively adjust the fusion weights according to the accuracy of cooperative information, which remains the relatively low computational complexity and back-haul traffic. Performance analysis and simulation results show that, the proposed scheme can significantly improve the system performance with the pilot settings of the existing standards.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.55-73
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• 2006

Inter-Korean cooperative tourism business has turned mutual confrontation and tension between two Koreas for the past 50 years to a peace, stability, mutual understanding and co-prosperity. Currently, with a million tourists visiting Mt. Kumgang, a new chapter for reconciliation and peace opened in inter-Korean cooperation. This study was initiated as an attempt to discern how inter-korean cooperative tourism business can effectively promote local tourism and economy. The purposes of this study are (1) to explore the present tourism situation of Goseong in Gangwon province such as tourism policy, tourism ressources and infrastructure, tourism products and tourist arrivals; (2) to examine the effect of Mt. Kumgang Tourism Business on the tourism development of Goseong; and (3) to investigate any significant relationship among its factors. This study examines the experiences of 189 Goseong resident groups. The findings of this study will provide future policy makers with useful implications in tourism planning and management.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.252-269
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• 2019

Since the inauguration of the Kim Jong-un regime in 2012, the safeguarding and management system of cultural heritage in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been changing to a form similar to that of a democratic country's legal system. In addition, the National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage (NAPCH) has continuously recorded and cataloged intangible cultural heritage elements in the DPRK, listing Arirang, kimchi-making, and ssireum on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative List. In particular, the multinational nomination of ssireum in October 2018 is symbolic in terms of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation for peace and reconciliation, raising expectations for the further multinational nomination of the two Koreas' intangible cultural heritage. Currently, South Korea lists 20 items on its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, three of which are shared by various countries with multinational nominations such as falconry, tug-of-war, and ssireum. However, when comparing the process of applying for multinational nomination in the three elements that follow, it is necessary to discuss whether these cases reflect the nature of multinational nomination. In particular, in the case of ssireum, without a working-level consultation between the two Koreas to prepare an application for a multinational nomination, each applied for a single registration; these applications were approved exceptionally as a multinational nomination by the Intergovernmental Committee under the leadership of the Secretary-General of UNESCO, and no bilateral exchanges have taken place until now. This is symbolic, formal, and substantially similar to the individual listings in terms of the spirit of co-listing on the premise of mutual exchange and cooperation. Therefore, the only way to strengthen the effectiveness of the multinational nomination between the two Koreas and to guarantee the spirit of multinational nomination is to request multilateral co-registration, including the two Koreas. For this, the Korean government needs a strategic approach, such as finding elements for multilateral co-listing; accumulating expertise, capabilities, and experience as a leading country in multilateral co-listing; and building cooperative governance with stakeholders. Besides, to reduce the volatility of inter-Korean cultural exchanges and cooperation depending on political situations and the special nature of inter-Korean relations, measures should be taken toward achieving inter-Korean cultural heritage exchanges and cooperation under a multilateral cooperation system using UNESCO, an international organization.