• STI Policy Review
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

During the 1990s, North Korea suffered from severe economic hardships in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet bloc and massive floods; North Korea is still has not escaped this suffering. South Korea has pursued various inter-Korean cooperation projects to help North Korea open and develop its economy; however, there are limited successful cases for improvement in North Korea. It is imperative to define a long-term strategy through analysis of key success factors for inter-Korean cooperation in order to develop more successful cases of inter-Korean cooperation; however, limited studies have been conducted to analyze successful inter-Korean cooperation projects. This study selects the "Seed Potato Project" (implemented by the World Vision) as a successful case to be analyzed and identifies key success factors for inter-Korean cooperation. As illustrated in previous studies, the results of the analysis of success factors of a "Seed Potato Project" from a trust-building perspective has revealed that this project follows key success factors like openness, integrity, consistency, and benevolence. In the last section of this report, this study also presents important policy implications to develop future successful cases for inter-Korean cooperation.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-29
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• 2018

Models of South-North Korean economic integration have the problem of circular reasoning. While many studies argue that South-North Korean economic integration would contribute to alleviate security risks in the Korean peninsular, they emphasize the success of any economic model of inter-Korean economic integration is subject to favorable geo-political and security environment. It is a failure in distinguishing between goals and constraints. After identifying three major goals of South-North Korean economic cooperation, this study shows the trilemma among the goals; they are 1) formation of a complete economic community, 2) maintaining independent sovereignty of the two Koreas, 3) promotion of mutual economic interests. The trilemma suggests that it is theoretically impossible to achieve the above three goals at the same time. Only two goals are achievable simultaneously. This study argues that the most practical option is to pursue the combination of goals 2) and 3) considering the complex political and security environment around the Korean peninsular. Recognizing that North Korea is the least developed country in the Northeast Asia region, South Korea's initiatives for inter-Korean economic cooperation should focus on assisting industrialization and integration of the North Korea economy into the Northeast Asian regional production sharing structure. In view of the 'flying geese model' of the sequential industrialization in the region, the least developed economic status of North Korea can partially be explained by its failure to participate in the production network in the region as well as lack of effective implementation of appropriate industrial policy. Therefore, promotion of industrialization of North Korea should be the immediate goal of economic cooperation between North and South Korea. It is an interesting fact that North Korea has rapidly expanded its apparel exports in recent years. It could mean that the North Korean economy is actively responding to the dynamics of international comparative advantage structure, although the production activities are limited to exports to China since the closure of the Gaesung Industrial Complex. The recent increase in apparel export is a starting point for incorporating the Easy Import Substitution fulfilling both domestic and neighboring regional demand of North Korea. It could help integrate North Korea's industry into the production network of Northeast Asia. An immediate policy implication is that the economic cooperation between the two Koreas should focus on facilitating this process and supporting North Korea's industrial policy through South Korea's contribution of capital, technology, and service intermediary inputs.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.3-31
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• 2019

In order to achieve full-scale economic cooperation between North Korea and South Korea, the Gaesong Industrial Complex should reopen first. In this case, the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration system should be clearly established to effectively resolve the disputes arising in the special economic zones of the Gaesong Industrial Complex. Even though the Inter-Korean Investment Security Agreement, the Agreement on the Resolution of Commercial Disputes between North Korea and South Korea, the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, and the Agreement on the Formation and Operation of the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee in the Gaesong Industrial District are in place, specific arbitration procedure is not concretely agreed upon and realized between the two Koreas. Therefore, the realization of commercial arbitration between them led by the Ministry of Unification or the government should be accomplished. In addition, it is necessary to consider the administrative trial or administrative litigation system in order to deal with administrative disputes that are not subject to commercial arbitration. Lastly, discussions on legal integration between the two Koreas should continue, focusing on the special economic zone of the Gaesong Industrial Complex, in order to prevent integration from being hindered by a different culture for a long time.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.3-34
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• 2019

The resumption of economic cooperation between South and the North Korea will be a new growth engine for our economy. Many Korean companies are preparing to invest in North Korea in accordance with the progress of inter-Korean relations. However, there are many risks inherent in inter-Korean economic cooperation, as experienced in previous cases. Specifically, one should be prepared for unfair measures such as the expropriation of investment assets of South Korean enterprises by North Korea authorities. Therefore, it is essential to review the protection measures of investment in North Korea and to review the investment dispute settlement system. The South and the North have an agreement to establish the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee to resolve the disputes that may arise if one party's investments are lost due to inappropriate or unfair measures due to the other party's authority. However, the Investment Agreement, which governs the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee, contains a number of declarative statements that are somewhat ineffective. Even today, nearly 20 years after the adoption of the Agreement, the specific detailed procedures have shown no real progress, such as in the enactment of arbitration rules. Therefore, at present, it is difficult to expect a system that can effectively address the damage of our corporations which have invested in North Korea. When the assets freeze after the suspension of Kumgang tourism and the closure of the Kaeseung Industrial Complex by North Korea, the activation of the inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee is the most important prerequisite for economic cooperation with North Korea. For this purpose, the resolution of disputes through the Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration Committee has to be made more concrete, with the effectiveness of the dispute settlement system enhanced by means of various efforts.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.11-28
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• 2019

In this study, the Inter-Korea Fisheries Cooperation Project was divided into four categories: North Korea's Fisheries Infrastructure Development Project, Fisheries Cooperation Project, Human Exchange Project, and North Korea Fisheries Investment Project. First, North Korea's fisheries infrastructure development projects include North Korea's fisheries resource research project, it's fisheries resource development project, and joint enforcement on illegal operation of Chinese ships. Second, fisheries cooperation projects include the operation of the North-South common fish area in the West Sea, the fishing project in North Korea's East sea, and the import of North Korean seafood. Third, human exchange projects include training of aquaculture technicians in North Korea, technology transfer and training of fishing vessels, and boarding of North Korea's fisherman in Korean fishing vessels. Fourth, North Korea's fisheries investment projects include aquaculture facilities and aquaculture feed support, aquatic product processing facilities and technology transfer, and fishery equipment support. However, as international sanctions are maintained in the international community to North Korea, Inter-Korea Fisheries cooperation, however, should be promoted according to the level of easing of international sanctions as international sanctions are maintained in the international community to North Korea. First, North Korea's fisheries resource research project, North Korea's fisheries resource creation project, joint enforcement on illegal operation of Chinese ships, and operation of the common fish area in the West Sea can be promoted if international sanctions are maintained at present, promote North Korea's fisheries resource research project. Second, boarding of North Korean's fisherman in Korean fishing vessels, conducting the fishing project in North Korea's East sea, and importing North Korean seafood can be aided if commercial transactions are possible with North Korea. Third, South Korea will support aquaculture facilities and aquatic feed, fisheries processing facilities and technology transfer, fishery equipment support, training of fisheries and aquaculture technicians, fishery fishing technology transfer, and training of fisherman when a comprehensive economic cooperation project is possible with North Korea.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-28
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• 2019

This study suggests that Korea - Russia economic cooperation, which has been sluggish in the meantime, should be revitalized as a small, medium sized business that can be practiced at the local level of both countries. Some large scales of national projects were difficult to realize due to some internal and external factors. Therefore, if Russia's Far East region of the complementary economic structure with the Korea's Gyeonggi Province of Korea could form the basis of cooperation by centering on SMEs, it further can be positive for promoting cooperation among South Korea, North Korea and Russia. The trilateral cooperation among two Koreas and Russia is necessary for the balance of political and economic powers in the East Asia. China's retaliation case regarding THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) clearly showed that the greater the economic dependence on a particular country, the more threatening it could be. Therefore, it is important for the political and economic security to keep the balance by diversifying economic cooperation counterparts. As China's influence in the global economy grows, building value chains for mutual prosperity with various neighboring countries is gaining great importance. To this end, this paper examined Russia's Eurasian Strategy, New East Policy, and Far East Development Policy which were designed to seek the way to establish Russia's independent economic zone not absorbed by Europe and China.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.259-277
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• 2011

In 2008, North Korea revised its Foreign Economic Arbitration Act. To some extent, the new Act reflected such international standard of arbitration as UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. In this paper, the said Act will be evaluated, and then cooperation ways of South-North Korea on Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration will be suggested. In 2007, the Ministry of Unification has designated the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board as Inter-Korean Arbitration Committee and has made efforts to prepare follow-up measures on the two Agreements of Inter-Korean Commercial Arbitration. In 2008 however, the follow-up measures has in fact been suspended. In order to revitalize the Inter-Korean commercial arbitration, some prerequisites must be satisfied. First, Inter-Korean Arbitration Committee for Inter-Korean commercial arbitration should re-open as soon as possible. Second, as North Korea recently shows interest in joining the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards(now so called New York Convention), Governmental Authority of Rep. of Korea should also actively assist and support their joining in New York Convention. Third, both Korean governments should carry out joint study on raising the efficiency of the arbitration system which they will use. Fourth, comparative study on arbitration systems used in both countries should be conducted. Also, it may is very timely to discuss the issue in international arbitration community such as "North-East Asia International Arbitration Conference" or other similar events. In conclusion, continuous study on prevention of commercial disputes between South-North Korea and ways to resolve disputes when they arise should be conducted.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.184-200
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• 2021

본 연구는 북측 경제특구인 개성공단을 활용한 신발전용단지 조성의 필요성과 가능성을 확보하고자 한다. 이는 남북 상생협력모델을 통해 한국 신발산업의 활성화를 위한 전략적 가치를 모색하는 정책제안이다. SWOT-AHP 분석 방법을 이용하여 신발산업의 지속가능성을 위해 개성공단 신발전용단지 활용 전략을 수립하고자 한다. 국내 신발산업이 직면한 산업구조적인 문제들을 남북협력의 가능성 측면에서 극복방향을 제시하고 있다. 분석결과로 'SO 전략'은 남북의 신발클러스터를 통한 남북협력 K-슈벨트 구축 제안이다. 'WO 전략'은 개성공단 신발전용단지의 국제화 전략이다. 'ST 전략'은 대북제재 해소를 위한 신발전용단지 조성의 유연한 거버넌스 활용이다. 'WT 전략'은 개성공단 재개를 위한 남북의 신발산업이 평화경제 인식의 패러다임 전환이다.

• 한국자원공학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.564-575
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• 2018

최근 남한과 북한의 긴장완화에 따라 남북 경제협력사업 추진 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 북한의 광산 개발 사업은 남북 경협사업으로 많은 관심을 받고 있는 상황이다. 북한 광산개발 혹은 광산분야 협력사업 추진 시 광해위험관리에 대한 고려를 해야한다. 그러나, 북한의 광해실태 정보는 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 구글 어스를 활용하여 북한의 12개의 대표 광산에 대하여 광해현황를 조사하였다. 구글 어스 영상 분석 결과, 북한 지역의 광물찌꺼기 적치장 붕괴, 적화현상, 지반침하 등의 광해를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.29-60
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• 2003

최근 남북한 과학기술협력에 대한 정부, 민간, 학계의 관심이 고조되어 있다. 그러나 남북한 과학기술협력에 대한 이론적인 분석은, 현황보고나 사례분석에 비하여 상대적으로 많지 않다. 이러한 상황에서 본 연구는 남북한 과학기술협력에 대한 분석을 위하여 남북한 과학기술협력의 특수성을 논의하여 다양한 측면을 드러내고, 다양한 측면을 설명할 수 있는 제이론을 제시하였다. 그리고 여러 이론을 통합적 시각으로 구성해 보고 통합적 시각을 국가의 측면과 통합의 측면, 기술의 측면으로 나누었다. 이에 기반을 두어 남북한 과학기술협력의 현황과 특징을 분석하고 향후 협력방향을 도출해 보았다. 이를 통하여 남북한 과학기술협력은 단기적인 경제적 이윤의 창출을 위한 도구가 아닌 향후 통합될 남북한 과학기술체제라는 관점을 염두에 두면서 여러 정책수단을 추진해야 한다는 결론에 도달하였다. 그러나 본 연구의 통합적 시각은 다양한 수준과 범위의 이론을 종합하는 데 중점을 두어 새로운 분석개념을 제시하는 데에는 미흡하였으며, 이를 향후 연구주제로 남겨두고자 한다.