• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2002

The vibrational intensity and the dynamic response of a compound vibratory system had been controlled actively by means of a feedforward control method. A compound vibratory system consists of a flexible beam and two discrete systems - a vibrating source and a dynamic absorber. By considering the interactive motions between discrete systems and a flexible beam, the equations of motion for a compound vibratory system were derived using a method of variation of parameters. To define the optimal conditions of a controller the cost function, which denotes a time averaged power flow, was evaluated numerically. The possibility of reductions of both of vibrational intensity and dynamic response at a control point located at a distance from a source were fecund to depend on the positions of a source, a control point and a controller. Especially the presence of a dynamic absorber gives the more reduction on the dynamic response but the less on the vibrational intensity than those without a dynamic absorber.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.805-811
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• 1995

Final biomass yields (peak optical density) and growth rates (divisions/day) of seven clones of Skeletonema costatum from Korean coastal waters were measured to understand their intraspecific variations in the light intensity niche component under $25^{\circ}C$ condition. Daily growth rates of 6 of 7 S. costatum, clones were maximum at 6000 lux while that of YS4, a neritic clone, was maximum at 9000 lux. The final biomass yields of 4 of the 7 S. costatum clones were maximum at the lowest light intensity of 2000 lux. Minimum final biomass yields were found at 9000 lux in all the S. costatum clones other than an estuarine clone, HDC9. The intraspecific variations of the mean growth rate and mean final biomass yield under each of the three different light intensity in terms of the coefficient of variation were not greater than 10% in any of the 7 S. costatum clones.

• 게임&엔터테인먼트 논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

형판 정합 기반의 얼굴 검출 시스템에서 획득된 이미지에 대한 명암 정규화 및 영상 보정을 위해 히스토그램 평활화나 로그 변환 등을 사용한다. 이 방법은 조명 변화에 의해 발생한 이미지의 부분 명암 왜곡에는 효과적이지 못하다는 것이 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 부분적 명암 왜곡에 매우 효과적인 영상 보정을 수행하는 좌우대칭 평균화 기법을 제시한다. 실험 결과 이 기법은 기존의 방식보다 매우 효율적인 검출 성능을 보일 뿐만 아니라 얼굴 후보의 개수도 현저하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2007

As a preliminary study for the development of electrical stimulation strategy of artificial retina, we set up a method fur the reconstruction of input intensity variation from retinal ganglion cell(RGC) responses. In order to estimate light intensity variation, we used an optimal linear filter trained from given stimulus intensity variation and multiple single unit spike trains from RGCs. By applying ON/OFF stimulation(ON duration: 2 sec, OFF duration: 5 sec) repetitively, we identified three functional types of ganglion cells according to when they respond to the ON/OFF stimulus actively: ON cell, OFF cell, and ON-OFF cell. Experiments were also performed using a Gaussian random stimulus and a binary random stimulus. The input intensity was updated once every 90 msec(i. e. 11 Hz) to present the stimulus. The result of reconstructing 11 Hz Gaussian and binary random stimulus was not satisfactory and showed low correlation between the original and reconstructed stimulus. In the case of ON/OFF stimulus in which temporal variation is slow, successful reconstruction was achieved and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.8.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2011

본 논문은 GARCH-ARJI(auto regressive jurnp intensity) 모형을 활용하여 KOSPI 주가지수의 변동을 체계적으로 분석하였다. GARCH-ARJI 모형은 변동성과 점프 인텐시티의 시간 가변성을 동시에 고려하는 모형으로, 수익률의 조건부 변동성을 GARCH 모형으로 설명할 수 있는 일상적인 변동과 점프에 의해 설명되는 변동의 두 부분으로 나눌 수 있는 장점이 있다. 실증분석 결과, KOSPI 주가 수익률에 내재된 점프 인텐시티가 상수가 아니라 자기 희귀 과정을 따르는 시간 가변성을 뚜렷이 확이할 수 있었고, KOSPI 수익률의 조건부 변동성은 점프로 인한 변동성이 GARCH에 의해 설명되는 일상적인 변동성보다 다소 작게나타나는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 추가적으로, 9.11 위기와 2008 금융위기 등의 외부 충격으로 인한 KOSPI 수익률의 변동성에 대한 영향을 분석한 결과, 점프에 의한 영향력은 2008년 금융위기 기간이 9.11 기간보다 크고 지속적임을 발견할 수 있었다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2017

The well-known solar cycle controls almost the entire appearance of the solar photosphere. We therefore presume that the continuous emission of visible light from the solar surface follows the solar cyclic variation. In this study, we examine the solar cyclic variation of photospheric brightness in the visible range using solar images taken by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI). The photospheric brightness in the visible range is quantified via the relative intensity acquired from in the raw solar images. In contrast to total solar irradiance, the relative intensity is out of phase with the solar cycle. During the solar minimum of solar cycles 23-24, the relative intensity shows enhanced heliolatitudinal asymmetry due to a positive asymmetry of the sunspot number. This result can be explained by the strength of the solar magnetic field that controls the strength of convection, implying that the emission in the visible range is controlled by the strength of convection. This agrees with the photospheric brightness increasing during a period of long spotless days.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

Muons and neutrons are representative secondary particles that are generated by interactions between primary cosmic ray particles (mostly protons) and the nuclei of atmospheric gas compounds. Previous studies reported that muons experience seasonal variations because of the meteorological effects of temperature. The intensity of neutrons has a typical modulation with various periods and reasons, such as diurnal and solar variation or transient events. This paper reports that cosmic ray particles, which were observed by neutron monitors, have seasonal variations using the daily data at the Oulu neutron monitor. To eliminate the effects of solar activity across time, the daily data were normalized by two different transformations: transformations with respect to the grand mean and yearly mean. The data after transformation with respect to the yearly mean showed more statistical stability and clear seasonal variations. On the other hand, it is difficult to determine if the seasonal variation results from terrestrial effects, such as meteorological factors, or extraterrestrial effects, such as the position of the Earth in its orbit of revolution.

• 오토저널
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1992

The engine combustion is one of the most important process affecting performance and emissions. One effective way to improve the engine combustion is to control motion of the charge inside a cylinder by means of optimum induction system design, because the flame speed is mainly determined by the turbulence in a gasoline engine. This paper describes the measurement and characterization of mean velocity and turbulence intensity inside the cylinder of a 4-valve gasoline engine using laser Doppler velocimeter(LDV) under motoring(non-firing) conditions. Since the measured LDV data in each cycle show small cycle variation during compression stroke in the tested engine, the mean velocity and turbulence intensity are calculated by ensemble averaging method neglecting cycle variation effects. In the ensemble averaging method, the effects of the calculation window, in which velocities are assumed as the same crank angle, on mean velocity and turbulence intensity are fully investigated. In addition, the effects of measuring point on the flow characteristics are studied. With large calculation window, the mean velocity is shown to be less sensitive with respect to crank angle and turbulence intensity decrease in its absolute amplitude. When the piston approch to the top dead center of compression, the turbulence intensity is found to be homogeneous in the cylinder.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.2289-2297
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• 1996

Flows in the combustion chamber near the spark plug are measured using LDv.A single cylinder DOHC S.I. engine of compression ratio 9.5:1 with a transparent quartz window piston is used. Combustion chamber shape is semi-wedge type. Measured data are analyzed using the ensemble averaged analysis and the cycle resolved analysis which uses FFT Filtering. Turbulent intensity and mean velocity are studied in the main flow direction and the normal to main flow direction as a function of engine speeds. The results shows that the turbulent intensity obtained by the ensemble averaged analysis is greater than that calculated by the cycle resolved analysis. Especially, the ensemble averaged analysis shows increase in turbulence at the end of compression stroke although the cycle resolved analysis shows increase only in the cycle-by-cycle variation with no noticeable increase in turbulence. The mean velocity in the main flow direction increase as engine speed increase. But the mean velocity normal to the main flow does not show such increase. Turbulent intensity in both direction increase in proportion to engine speeds. The magnitude of turbulent intensity is about 0.3 ~ 0.4 times the mean piston speeds at the end of the compression stroke.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2003

This study attempted to examine a speaker identification method using difference sum and correlation coefficient determined from a pair of intensity level matrices of band-pass-filtered numeric sounds produced by ten female speakers of similar age and height. Subjects recorded three digit numbers at a quiet room at a sampling rate of 22 kHz on a personal computer. Collected data were band-pass-filtered at five different band ranges. Then, matrices of five intensity levels at 100 proportional time points were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients and the sum of absolute intensity differences between a pair of given matrices were determined within and across the speakers. Results showed that very high correlation coefficient and small difference sum generally occurred within each speaker but some individual variation was also observed. Thus, the matrix pair with a higher coefficient and a smaller difference sum was averaged to form each individual's model. Comparison among the speakers yielded generally low coefficients and large differences, which suggests successful speaker identification, but among them there were a few cases with very high coefficients and small differences. Future studies will focus on finer band ranges and additional spectral parameters at some peak points of the intensity contour at a low frequency band.