• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The effects of Gamiondam-tang (GMODT) co-administration within 5min on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tamoxifen were observed as a process of the comprehensive and integrative medicine, combination therapy of tamoxifen with GMODT to achieve synergic pharmacodynamics and reduce toxicity on the breast cancer. Methods: After 50mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, GMODT 100mg/kg was administered within 5min. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of GMODT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen (Tmax, Cmax, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats using noncompartmental pharmacokinetics data analyzer programs. Results: Co-administration with GMODT induced increased trends of plasma tamoxifen concentrations to 1hr after end of administration, and then showed decreased trends of plasma tamoxifen concentrations, and especially significant (p<0.05) increases of plasma tamoxifen concentrations were demonstrated at 0.5hr after end of co-administration with GMODT and also related significant (p<0.05) decreases of $AUC_{0-inf}$ and $MRT_{inf}$ as compared with tamoxifen single formula treated rats, at dosage levels of tamoxifen 10 mg/kg and GMODT 100 mg/kg within 5 min, in this experiment. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it is considered that single co-administration GMODT within 5min significantly inhibited the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen through variable influences on the absorption and excretion of tamoxifen, can be influenced on the toxicity or pharmacodynamic of tamoxifen.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2009

Extracts derived from various medical mushrooms have been reported to have antitumor and immuno-modulatory properties. In order to investigate the antitumor activity of keumsa Linteusan, the water extract of Phellinus Iimteus, HT1080 cells, a human fibrosarcoma cell line, were treated with it and changes in cellular migration potential was tested in vitro. At a concentration range below 1,000 $\mu$g/mL, Linteusan blocked, in a dose dependent manner, the migration of cells through Matrigel as well as Boyden chamber without affecting the viability of the cells. Prolonged treatment of HT1080 cells with Linteusan suppressed TNFa induced production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as well as basal level expression of MMP-2. Linteusan also affected the adhesion of the cells to fibronectin-coated surfaces. The effect of Linteusan on cell signaling pathways was also tested. Linteusan specifically affected TNF-$\alpha$ induced phosphorylation of AKT in a dose-dependent manner, while phosphorylation levels of ERK remained unaffected. These data indicate that Linteusan blocks the migration of HT1080 cells by affecting various processes associated with cell migration such as the expression of matrix degradingenzymes,cell adhesion, and AKT-medicated cellular signaling pathways.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2021

Purpose : We aimed to validate a new manual therapy to treat tension type headache(TTH) by applying myofascial release techniques to the scalp and to examine the changes in the quality of life and the headache characteristics after treatment and at the 6-month follow-up. Methods : Thirty patients were recruited in this study and were assigned to two groups through simple random sampling. Fifteen patients were assigned to the manual therapy group (MT) and 15 patients to the scalp myofascial release technique (SMT) group. However, five patients from the MT group and one from the SMT group were excluded. Therefore, 24 patients with TTH (10 males, 14 females) participated in the study. Patients underwent either MT or SMT. The procedures were performed by a physical therapist twice per week for 4 weeks. The quality of life [using the brief pain inventory (BPI) and the headache impact test (HIT)], and the frequency, duration, and intensity of the headache [on a visual analog scale (VAS)] were assessed before and after the treatment, and at the follow-up. Results : After 4 weeks of SMT, the frequency (p<.001), duration (p<.05), and intensity (p<.001) of the headache and the quality of life (HIT; p <.001, BPI; p<.001) significantly improved in the patients with TTH. The improvement in these parameters remained significant even after 6 months of follow-up. Similarly, After 4 weeks of MT, the frequency (p<.05), duration (p<.05), and intensity (p<.01) of the headache, and the quality of life (HIT; p<.05, BPI; p<.001) significantly improved in the patients with TTH. The improvement in these parameters remained significant even after 6 months of follow-up. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the two groups. Conclusion : It has been suggested that MT using the SMT can be used as a non-invasive treatment to treat the frequency, duration, and intensity of the TTH, and to improve the quality of life.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Lycopene is abundantly contained in Tomatoes and is known for diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In this study, the antioxidative potential of lycopene was investigated through the induction of hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor2 (Nrf2) and upstream signaling molecules, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Aktin RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The antioxidative potential of lycopene against oxidative stress and its molecular mechanisms were determined by the cell viability assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation assay, and Western blot analysis in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: Lycopene treatment significantly attenuated tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced intracellular ROS formation in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. In addition, 50 µM of lycopene for 6 h treatment induced potent HO-1 expression and its transcription factor, Nrf2. MAPK and PI3K/Aktwere also analyzed due to their critical roles in the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis against oxidative damage. As a result, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly induced by lycopene treatment while the activated status of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and Akt, were not given any effect. To confirm the antioxidative mechanism of HO-1 mediated by ERK activation, each selective inhibitor was employed in a protection assay, in which oxidative damage occurred by t-BHP. Lycopene, SnPP, and CoPP treatments reflected accelerated HO-1 expression could be a protective role against oxidative damage-initiated cell death. A selective inhibitor for ERK significantly inhibited the lycopene-induced cytoprotective effect but selective inhibitors for other signaling molecules did not attenuate the rate of t-BHP-induced cell death. Conclusion: In conclusion, lycopene potently scavenged intracellular ROS formation and enhanced the HO-1 mediated antioxidative potential through the modulation of Nrf2, MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.349-358
• /
• 2023

Objectives: We used the 2019 Korea Health Panel Annual Data to analyze factors related to visits to Korean medicine (KM) outpatient clinics among patients with mood disorders in Korea. Methods: Individuals aged 19 years or older, with depressive or bipolar disorders, and with a record of using Western medicine (WM) and/or the KM medical service were included. The 266 subjects were classified into the WM group or the integrative medicine (IM) group. The Andersen healthcare utilization model was used to analyze factors that potentially influenced the subjects' healthcare utilization. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing the use of IM medical services. Results: Among the subjects, 75.56% (n=201) were in the WM group, and 24.44% (n=65) were in the IM group. Statistically significant differences were observed in residential areas, total annual income, the presence of disability, and the level of pain/discomfort between the two groups. Regression analysis found that residential areas and pain/discomfort were factors related to the use of IM services. Specifically, reporting "a lot" of pain/discomfort compared to "no" pain/discomfort showed a significant positive relationship with the use of IM (odds ratio=4.57, 95% confidence interval=1.79 to 11.70). Conclusions: This study was the first to analyze the status of KM medical service use and related factors among patients with mood disorders in Korea. The finding that the presence of pain/discomfort was positively correlated with the use of KM services is potentially related to medically unexplained physical symptoms or somatization phenomena.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2024

Background: Although the survival outcomes of childhood cancer patients have improved, childhood cancer survivors suffer from various degrees of immune dysfunction or delayed immune reconstitution. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on T cell recovery in childhood cancer patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) from the perspective of inflammatory and senescent phenotypes. Methods: This was a single-arm exploratory trial. The KRG group (n = 15) received KRG powder from month 1 to month 12 post-ASCT. We compared the results of the KRG group with those of the control group (n = 23). The proportions of T cell populations, senescent phenotypes, and cytokine production profiles were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-ASCT using peripheral blood samples. Results: All patients in the KRG group completed the treatment without any safety issues and showed a comparable T cell repopulation pattern to that in the control group. In particular, KRG administration influenced the repopulation of CD4⁺ T cells via T cell expansion and differentiation into effector memory cell re-expressing CD45RA (EMRA) cells. Although the KRG group showed an increase in the number of CD4⁺ EMRA cells, the expression of senescent and exhausted markers in these cells decreased, and the capacity for senescence-related cytokine production in the senescent CD28^- subset was ameliorated. Conclusions: These findings suggest that KRG promotes the repopulation of CD4⁺ EMRA T cells and regulates phenotypical and functional senescent changes after ASCT in pediatric patients with cancer.

• 재활복지
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.175-212
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the optimal selection of rehabilitation therapy and explore a processing model of rehabilitation decision-making for parents of children with cerebral palsy. A ground theory of Strauss and Corbin(1988)was used. Thus, collecting data was classified into open coding 140 concepts, 29 sub-categories and 8 categories. As a result of analysis, we identified that the main phenomenon was 'finding optimal therapy in trial and error' and parents experienced 6 stages including 'embarrassment', 'confusion', 'maximization', 'wandering', 'strategy', and 'balance'. Furthermore, 'rehabilitation-daily life balance' was a key category for continuation of treatment. This qualitative study discribed factors influencing determination of treatment and its continuation, and suggested a processing model of parents' decision- making for rehabilitation of their children.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.sup
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2015

Therapeutic effect of Yinyang Balancing Appliance (YBA) of functional cerebrospinal therapy (FCST) for meridian and neurologic yinyang balance was observed in a trigeminal neuralgia case. One Trigeminal neuralgia case was managed with YBA on temporomandibular joint (TMJ), combined with acupuncture. Clinical outcome measurement was performed by subjective rating and clinical observations. The patient's subjective rating and clinical symptoms showed improvement immediately after the initial treatment and this improvement maintained over the follow-up period. Although it is not clear whether the effect is temporary in its nature, a positive effect was observed and further clinical and biological research on FCST is expected.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2011

Hypoxic ischemia injury is a common cause of functional brain damage, resulting from a decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain. The main problems associated with hypoxic ischemia to the brain are memory impairment and dopamine dysfunction. Hypothermia has been suggested to ameliorate the neurological impairment induced by various brain insults. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypothermia on memory function and dopamine synthesis following hypoxic ischemia to the brain in rats. For this purpose, a step-down avoidance task, a radial eight-arm maze task, and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed. The present results indicated that the hypoxic ischemia-induced disturbance of the animal's performances and spatial working memory was associated with a decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum, and an increase in cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Hypothermia treatment improved the animals' performance and spatial working memory by suppressing the decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum and the increase in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. We suggest that hypothermia can be an efficient therapeutic modality to facilitate recovery following hypoxic ischemia injury to the brain, presumably by modulating the dopaminergic cell loss.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.228-236
• /
• 2023

Background: QiShen YiQi pills (QSYQ) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, which has a significant effect on the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in clinical practice. However, the molecular mechanism of QSYQ regulation pyroptosis after MI is still not fully known. Hence, this study was designed to reveal the mechanism of the active ingredient in QSYQ. Methods: Integrated approach of network pharmacology and molecular docking, were conducted to screen active components and corresponding common target genes of QSYQ in intervening pyroptosis after MI. Subsequently, STRING and Cytoscape were applied to construct a PPI network, and obtain candidate active compounds. Molecular docking was performed to verify the binding ability of candidate components to pyroptosis proteins and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced cardiomyocytes injuries were applied to explore the protective effect and mechanism of the candidate drug. Results: Two drug-likeness compounds were preliminarily selected, and the binding capacity between Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) and key target High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)was validated in the form of hydrogen bonding. 2 μM Rh2 prevented OGD-induced H9c2 death and reduced IL-18 and IL-1β levels, possibly by decreasing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibiting the expression of p12-caspase1, and attenuating the level of pyroptosis executive protein GSDMD-N. Conclusions: We propose that Rh2 of QSYQ can protect myocardial cells partially by ameliorating pyroptosis, which seems to have a new insight regarding the therapeutic potential for MI.