• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 2011

Recently, scaling down of ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) circuit of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) based electronic devices become much faster speed and smaller size than ever before. However, very narrow interconnect line width causes some drawbacks. For example, deposition of conformal and thin barrier is not easy moreover metallization process needs deposition of diffusion barrier and glue layer. Therefore, there is not enough space for copper filling process. In order to overcome these negative effects, simple process of copper metallization is required. In this research, Cu-V thin alloy film was formed by using RF magnetron sputter deposition system. Cu-V alloy film was deposited on the plane $SiO_2$/Si bi-layer substrate with smooth and uniform surface. Cu-V film thickness was about 50 nm. Cu-V layer was deposited at RT, 100, 150, 200, and $250^{\circ}C$. XRD, AFM, Hall measurement system, and XPS were used to analyze Cu-V thin film. For the barrier formation, Cu-V film was annealed at 200, 300, 400, 500, and $600^{\circ}C$ (1 hour). As a result, V-based thin interlayer between Cu-V film and $SiO_2$ dielectric layer was formed by itself with annealing. Thin interlayer was confirmed by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) analysis. Barrier thermal stability was tested with I-V (for measuring leakage current) and XRD analysis after 300, 400, 500, 600, and $700^{\circ}C$ (12 hour) annealing. With this research, over $500^{\circ}C$ annealed barrier has large leakage current. However V-based diffusion barrier annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ has good thermal stability. Thus, thermal stability of vanadium-based thin interlayer as diffusion barrier is good for copper interconnection.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.58.1-58.1
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• 2017

The NISS (Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history) is the near-infrared spectro-photometric instrument optimized to the first Next Generation of small satellite (NEXTSat-1). The off-axis optics was developed to cover a wide field of view with 2 deg. ${\times}$ 2 deg. as well as a wide wavelength range from 0.95 to $2.5{\mu}m$. Considering the simple alignment scheme, afocal system was adapted in the optical components. The mechanical structures were tested under the space environment. We have obtained the accurate calibration data using our test facilities under the operational condition. After the final integration of flight model into the satellite, the communication with the satellite and the functional test were passed. The NISS will be launched in early 2018. During around 2-year operation, the spectro-photometric survey covering more than 100 square degree will be performed. To achieve the major scientific objectives for the study of the cosmic star formation in local and distant universe, the main observational targets will be nearby galaxies, galaxy clusters, star-forming regions and low background regions. Here, we report the final performance of the flight model of the NISS.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 2016

A self-charging supercapacitor is constructed through simple integration of the energy storage and photo exited materials at the photo electrode. The large band gap of $NiO/Fe_3O_4$ heterostructure generates photo electron at the photo electrode and store the charges through redox mechanism at the counter electrode. Sulfanilic acid azocromotrop/reduced graphene oxide layer at the photo electrode trapped the photo generated hole and store the charge by forming double layer. The solar supercapacitor device is charged within 400 s up to 0.5 V and exhibited a high specific capacitance of ~908 F/g against 1.5 A/g load. The solar illuminated supercapacitor shows a high energy and power density of 33.4 Wh/kg and 385 W/kg along with a very low relaxation time of ~15 ms ensuring the utility of the self charging device in the various field of energy storage and optoelectronic application.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

Practical use of Information Technology in present enterprise simply enterprise support do pass over known dimension and is utilizing by means for enterprise competitive power strengthening. Because of these point, a lot of kind of information systems appeared. It can be said that EIP system that many enterprises are introducing recently is concept that appear to also use information in enterprise more efficiently. If present EIP system sees construct example, segment is detected to improve some. First, should do duplicate development despite it is same function to use EIP system in wireless and web browser environment. Second, can hear management's difficulty by immense contents that happen in System Integration. We wish to solve problem that happen in development of existing EIP system using XUL and a SVG technology in this paper that aim to these. XUL is open source In language to manufacture UI that do not receive court of platform and existence and nonexistence captain rain, support wireless and web browser equipment at the same time to source that is produced once if is browser that can manufacture usable interface in web and supports XUL as user wants. SVG method is a skill that can offer convenience that is epoch-making in contents management by software that describe contents representation in source code unlike form that show because calls contents forming already in the existent bit map room and establishes to browser handles this and expresses contents. In paper, produced use of XUL and SVG by prototype to presented whether can apply XUL and a SVG technology to actuality EIP system and verifies whether this is possible and that do actuality through existent method and comparison and excellency were seen.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

The consumption of poultry meat (chicken and turkey) grew the most during the past few decades due to several contributing factors such as low price, product research and development, favorable meat characteristics, responsive to consumer needs, vertical integration and industry consolidation, new processing equipments and technology, and aggressive marketing. The major processing technologies developed and used in chicken processing include forming/restructuring, tumbling, curing, smoking, massaging, injection, marination, emulsifying, breading, battering, shredding, dicing, and individual quick freezing. These processing technologies were applied to various parts of chicken including whole carcass. Product developments using breast, thigh, and mechanically separated chicken meat greatly increased the utilization of poultry meat. Chicken breast became the symbol of healthy food, which made chicken meat as the most frequent menu items in restaurants. However, the use of and product development for dark meat, which includes thigh, drum, and chicken wings were rather limited due to comparatively high fat content in dark meat. Majority of chicken are currently sold as further processed ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat forms. Major quality issues in chicken meat include pink color problems in uncured cooked breast, lipid oxidation and off-flavor, tenderness PSE breast, and food safety. Research and development to ensure the safety and quality of raw and cooked chicken meat using new processing technologies will be the major issues in the future as they are now. Especially, the application of irradiation in raw and cooked chicken meat products will be increased dramatically within next 5 years. The market share of ready-to-eat cooked meat products will be increased. More portion controlled finished products, dark meat products, and organic and ethnic products with various packaging approaches will also be introduced.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.633-642
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• 2008

It's important to measure quantitative properties about thermal-nano behavior of polymer for producing high quality components using Nanoimprint lithography process. Nanoscale indents can be used to make the cells for molecular electronics and drug delivery, slots for integration into nanodevices, and defects for tailoring the structure and properties. In this study, formability of polymethylmetacrylate(PMMA) and polycarbonate(PC) were characterized Polymer has extreme variation in thermo mechanical variation during forming high temperature. Because of heating the polymer, it becomes softer than at room temperature. In this case it is particularly important to study high temperature-induced mechanical properties of polymer. Nanoindenter XP(MTS) was used to measure thermo mechanical properties of PMMA and PC. Polymer was heated by using the heating stage on NanoXP. At CSM(Continuous Stiffness Method) mode test, heating temperature was $110^{\circ}C,120^{\circ}C,130^{\circ}C,140^{\circ}C$ and $150^{\circ}C$ for PMMA, $140^{\circ}C,150^{\circ}C,160^{\circ}C,170^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$ for PC, respectively. Maximum indentation depth was 2000nm. At basic mode test, heating temperature was $90^{\circ}C$ and $110^{\circ}C$ for PMMA, $140^{\circ}C,160^{\circ}C$ for PC. Maximum load was 10mN, 20mN and 40mN. Also indented pattern was observed by using SEM and AFM. Mechanical properties of PMMA and PC decreased when temperature increased. Decrease of mechanical properties from PMMA went down rapidly than that of PC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.198-198
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• 2016

An ideal orthopedic implant should provide an excellent bone-implant connection, less implant loosening and minimum adverse reactions. Commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti alloys have been widely utilized for biomedical applications such as orthopedic and dental implants. However, being bioinert, the integration of such implant in bone was not in good condition to achieve improved osseointegraiton, there have been many efforts to modify the composition and topography of implant surface. These processes are generally classified as physical, chemical, and electrochemical methods. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as an electrochemical route has been recently utilized to produce this kind of composite coatings. Mg ion plays a key role in bone metabolism, since it influences osteoblast and osteoclast activity. From previous studies, it has been found that Mg ions improve the bone formation on Ti alloys. PEO is a promising technology to produce porous and firmly adherent inorganic Mg containing $TiO_2$($Mg-TiO_2$ ) coatings on Ti surface, and the amount of Mg introduced into the coatings can be optimized by altering the electrolyte composition. In this study, a series of $Mg-TiO_2$ coatings are produced on Ti-6Al-4V ELI dental implant using PEO, with the substitution degree, respectively, at 0, 5, 10 and 20%. Based on the preliminary analysis of the coating structure, composition and morphology, a bone like apatite formation model is used to evaluate the in vitro biological responses at the bone-implant interface. The enhancement of the bone like apatite forming ability arises from $Mg-TiO_2$ surface, which has formed the reduction of the Mg ions. The promising results successfully demonstrate the immense potential of $Mg-TiO_2$ coatings in dental and biomaterials applications.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2006

Purpose: The objectives of this study was to measure the outcomes of interventions on the health and social welfare of the elderly in a rural community in Korea. The project involved integrating services of one public health center with that of one social welfare agency, which were under different administrative structures. Method: A single group pretest-posttest design was used for this research. Seventy-five elderly residents living alone in a rural community participated in the study. All of them had coverage of free basic medical care and social welfare services by the government. Major activities for the intervention included: developing partnerships among community leaders/institutes; forming committees of community residents; educating care providers and volunteers; developing 8 integrated service programs and instruments; and organizing the networks. The 20-month intervention was care-managed by a public health nurse whom collaborated with social worker, and was assisted by volunteers. The t-test was utilized to analyze the outcome variables including the elder's health, social welfare and quality of life. A major limitation of this study was the lack of a control group. Results: The outcome of the intervention was shown by improved elder's health, social welfare needs, and quality of life. Integrating the services of public health centers with those of social welfare agencies is an effective way to improve the health of the elderly in the community. Conclusion: Developing community capacity with such integrated services will pay an important role in improving the health of the elderly who live alone.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.128-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the compositional elements of plan of art museums by selecting architectural works, which have strong symbolic meaning when evaluating value, from architectural works by Louis Kahn. First, the centrality of artworks, which are being displayed at the Yale Art Gallery, is complex. It includes three patterns of Void (spatial) Centrality+Symbolic Centrality+Functional Centrality among the five patterns suggested in this study. Second, the ratio system of interior space, which is expressed in the extension of the Yale Art Gallery, can be classified into the floor and walls. The floor used the square 1:1 ratio system. The ceiling used the grid patterns of equilateral triangles (regular tetrahedrons). It was applying a geometric ratio system when creating forms by using one side as a beam and the other sides as decorations of the ceiling. Third, the contours of interior space, which were expressed in Kahn's works, used the method of forming separate space according to the contouring rule (structural unit) defined by columns, and they were used in constructing the entire space through the integration of separate spaces. Fourth, according to the characteristics that were expressed by artworks displayed within the Yale Art Gallery Extension, the concept of accessibility was not as clear as that of residential buildings, because an approach of respecting existing architecture and context was used, rather than the starting point of interior space, or differentiated circulation, which has the function of a determined position.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.77-93
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational brand internalization on organizational brand permanence. Specifically, organizational brand internalization influences customer orientation, brand attachment, and organizational brand permanence. Also, we examined the effect of brand attachment on the relationship between customer orientation and organizational brand permanence. As a result of empirical research, organizational brand internalization plays an important role in enhancing employee's attachment to brand and positively forming relationship with customers. In other words, as brand attachment increases, employees in the organization know and share customer's needs and provide core competencies for the organization's long-term development. Therefore, companies need to strengthen their internal brand power by organizing their brands into a single concept, and to realize organizational integration of employees based on them. Finally, this study suggested practical implications and future research directions from this perspective.