• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-118
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• 2022

The use of diagnostic radiation in medical institutions is rapidly increasing. Accordingly, the collective effective dose is on the rise every year. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the radiation exposure of the person undergoing the radiation examination as low as reasonably achievable. And we must establish a legal system to perform the safe management of radiation for diagnosis efficiently. In this way, I went over the problems of the Act and Subordinate Statutes regarding radiation safety management for diagnosis. As a result, the main contents are as follows. First, in the 「Medical Service Act」, there is no basis for the Safety Inspection Institute of Radiation and Radiation Exposure Measuring Institutes. And there are no provisions concerning delegation of administrative disposition. Therefore, it is necessary to secure legal justification by providing the basis for the Safety Inspection Institute of Radiation along with Radiation Exposure Measuring Institutes and the basis for administrative dispositions against these institutions in the 「Medical Service Act」. Second, the 「Rules on the Installation and Operation of Special Medical Equipment 」 should be integrated with the 「Rules on the Safety Management of Radiation Generators for Diagnostics」 to unify administrative procedures such as reporting for radiation special medical equipment for diagnosis. Third, in the case of violating the diagnostic radiation safety management standards in the 「Rules on the Safety Management of Radiation Generators for Diagnostics」, it is necessary to supplement the insufficient sanctions such as administrative disposition. Fourth, regulating diagnostic radiation and therapeutic radiation used in medical institutions with the dual legal system of the 「Medical Act」 and the 「Nuclear Safety Act」 is not efficient in the safety management of diagnostic radiation. Therefore, it is necessary to uniformly regulate diagnostic radiation and all medical radiation, including therapeutic radiation and nuclear medicine, in the 「Medical Service Act」 system.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2020

Renewable energy (RE) is essential to comprise sustainable societies, especially, in rural villages of developing countries. Furthermore, application of off-grid RE systems to health care can improve the quality of life. In this research, a RE-based vaccination supply management system was constructed to enlarge the cold-chain in developing countries for the safe storage and delivery of vaccines. The system was comprised of the construction of RE plants and development of vaccine carriers. RE plants were constructed and connected to health posts in local villages. The cooling mechanism of vaccine carriers was improved and monitoring devices were installed. The effect of the system on vaccine cold-chain was evaluated from the field test and topographical analysis in the southern village of Nepal. RE plants were normally operated for the vaccine refrigerator in the health post. The modified vaccine carriers had a longer operation time and better temperature control via monitoring and RE-based recharging functionality. The topographical analysis estimated that the system can cover larger region. The system prototype showed great potential regarding the possibility of a sustainable and enlarged cold-chain. Thus, RE-based vaccine supply management is expected to facilitate vaccine availability while minimizing waste in the supply chain.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.625-640
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• 2022

Maglev rail joints are vital components serving as connections between the adjacent F-type rail sections in maglev guideway. Damage to maglev rail joints such as bolt looseness may result in rough suspension gap fluctuation, failure of suspension control, and even sudden clash between the electromagnets and F-type rail. The condition monitoring of maglev rail joints is therefore highly desirable to maintain safe operation of maglev. In this connection, an online damage detection approach based on three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and time-frequency characterization is developed for simultaneous detection of multiple damage of maglev rail joints in this paper. The training and testing data used for condition evaluation of maglev rail joints consist of two months of acceleration recordings, which were acquired in-situ from different rail joints by an integrated online monitoring system during a maglev train running on a test line. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method is applied to transform the raw monitoring data into time-frequency spectrograms (TFS). Three CNN architectures, i.e., small-sized CNN (S-CNN), middle-sized CNN (M-CNN), and large-sized CNN (L-CNN), are configured for trial calculation and the M-CNN model with excellent prediction accuracy and high computational efficiency is finally optioned for multiple damage detection of maglev rail joints. Results show that the rail joints in three different conditions (bolt-looseness-caused rail step, misalignment-caused lateral dislocation, and normal condition) are successfully identified by the proposed approach, even when using data collected from rail joints from which no data were used in the CNN training. The capability of the proposed method is further examined by using the data collected after the loosed bolts have been replaced. In addition, by comparison with the results of CNN using frequency spectrum and traditional neural network using TFS, the proposed TFS-CNN framework is proven more accurate and robust for multiple damage detection of maglev rail joints.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.64-75
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• 2022

The method of accessing multiple control systems in the OT control network centered on operation technology uses the operator authentication technology of each control system. An example is ID/PW operator authentication technology. In this case, since the OT control network is composed of multiple control systems, operator authentication technology must be applied to each control system. Therefore, the operator must bear the inconvenience of having to manage authentication information for each control system he manages. To solve these problems, SSO technology is used in business-oriented IT networks. However, if this is introduced into the OT control network as it is, the characteristics of the limited size of the OT control network and rapid operator authentication are not reflected, so it cannot be seen as a realistic alternative. In this paper, a public key-based authentication mechanism was newly proposed as an operator authentication technology to solve this problem. In other words, an integrated public key certificate that applies equally to all control systems in the OT control network was issued and used to access all control systems, thereby simplifying the authentication information management and making access to the control system more efficient and secure.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.569-580
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• 2022

The Minister of Education has officially announced that the Ministry of Education will promote the integration of early childhood education and care. The core of integration is the integration of kindergartens and child care centers, and it is necessary to develop the specific model, so this study was conducted. After the discussion of integration, the discussion has focused on the "Young Children School", and there were differences of opinion on specific issues. Therefore, this study was conducted to propose the specific model for the "Young Children School" after kindergartens and child care centers were integrated with the Ministry of Education. The research question is to find out what the model of the 0-5-year-old young children school model centered on the Ministry of Education. In this study, assuming that integration of early childhood education and care was realized, a plan for integrating early childhood education institutions by type of establishment was proposed. As a conclusion of this study, first, a model of a 0-5-year-old young children school centered the Ministry of Education under the government responsibility is required. Second, a detailed school model that reflects the characteristics of each type of establishment should be developed. Finally, specific measures such as the reform of the teacher training system, the after-school course operation model, and the integration plan with the office of education and local governments should be presented during the young children school system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

In 2021, the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), a U.N. advisory research institute, cited container loss as one of six sources of marine litters in shipping. The sinking of the X-P ress Pearl in May 2021 caused a catastrophic environmental pollution accident in which the loaded containers were moved to the shore, and the plastic pellets were loaded inside covered the coast of Sri Lanka. With this history, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) will discuss prevention and follow-up measures for container loss during ship voyages, as an agenda at the 8th Sub Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers meeting in September 2022. To establish Korea's response direction at the IMO meeting, this study identified major causes of container loss accidents, and considered the response through analysis based on the accident investigation report and related professional data. As a result, it was found that the major cause of container loss during voyages was the enlargement of container ships, bad weather, and poor loading of containers. In particular, the need to prepare countermeasures for the deterioration of the operational safety of large container ships due to bad weather was identified. Additionally, integrated monitoring of the implementation of international conventions is required, for the safe sea transportation of container cargo. In particular, in terms of preservation of the marine environment, it is necessary to supplement the system for the recovery of lost containers. Finally, it was found that it is necessary to establish systems that can complement each other in the shipbuilding and shipping industries, in terms of shipbuilding as well as ship operation, to fundamentally prevent container loss accidents at sea. It is judged that it is difficult to resolve the various factors of container loss at sea during voyages, by responding from an individual perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

The Green Purification Unit System (GPUS) is a green infrastructure facility applicable to the roadside to reduce particulate matter from road traffic. This study introduces two types of GPUS (type1 and type2) and assesses the performance and maintenance costs of each of them. The GPUS's performance analysis used the data collected in November 2021 after the installation of the GPUS type1 and type2 at the study site in Suwon. The changes in the particulate matter concentration near the GPUS were measured. The maintenance cost of GPUS type1 and type2 was assessed by calculating the initial installation cost and the management and repair cost after installation. The results of the performance analysis showed that the GPUS type1, which was manufactured by combining plants and electric dust collectors, had a superior particulate matter reduction performance. In particular, type1 produced a greater effect of particulate matter reduction in the time with a high concentration (50㎍/m³ or higher) of particulate matter due to the operation of electric dust collectors. GPUS type2, which was designed in the form of a plant wall without applying an electric dust collector, showed lower reduction performance than type1 but showed sufficiently improved performance compared to the existing band green area. Meanwhile, the GPUS type1 had three times higher costs for the initial installation than GPUS type2. In terms of costs for managing and repairing, it was evaluated that type1 would be slightly more costly than type2. Finally, this study discussed the applicability of two types of GPUS based on the result of the analysis of their particulate matter performance and maintenance cost at the same time. Since GPUS type2 has a cheaper cost than type1, it could be more economical. However, in the area suffering a high concentration of particulate matter, GPUS type1 would be more effective than type2. Therefore, the choice of GPUS types should rely on the status of particulate matter concentration in the area where GPUS is being installed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

Despite the easing of social distancing, demand for non-face-to-face services continues to rise. Recently, the EU is pursuing a comprehensive plastic use reduction by expanding the scope of plastic use regulations for packaging plastics according to the New Cyclical Economy Action Plan(NCEAP). In response to this trend, the packaging industry is moving away from conventional non-degradable/petroleum-based plastics and conducting research on packaging materials using biodegradable plastics such as PLA(Poly Lactic Acid), PBAT(Poly Butylene Adipate-co-butylene Terephthalate). On the other hand, ginkgo leaves occur in large quantities in Korea and act as a cause of slip accidents and flooding. In this study, a method to utilize ginkgo biloba leaf as a new alternative biomass resource was proposed by producing lactic acid through pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation processes. For the efficiency of lactic acid production, a comparative analysis of lignin content from before and after browning was performed. In addition, the degree of glucan extraction was evaluated by applying a pretreatment method using three catalysts: hot water, sulfuric acid, and sodium hydroxide. It is difficult to expect high production of lactic acid with single process. Therefore, an integrated process operation using both the pretreated hydrolyzate and the residual solid enzymatic saccharification solution must necessarily be applied.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.371-380
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• 2023

Relation extraction is to extract relationships between named entities from text. Traditionally, relation extraction methods only extract relations between predetermined subject and object entities. However, in end-to-end relation extraction, all possible relations must be extracted by considering the positions of the subject and object for each pair of entities, and so this method uses time and resources inefficiently. To alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a method that sets directions based on the positions of the subject and object, and extracts relations according to the directions. The proposed method utilizes existing relation extraction data to generate direction labels indicating the direction in which the subject points to the object in the sentence, adds entity position tokens and entity type to sentences to predict the directions using a pre-trained language model (KLUE-RoBERTa-base, RoBERTa-base), and generates representations of subject and object entities through probabilistic crossover operation. Then, we make use of these representations to extract relations. Experimental results show that the proposed model performs about 3 ~ 4%p better than a method for predicting integrated labels. In addition, when learning Korean and English data using the proposed model, the performance was 1.7%p higher in English than in Korean due to the number of data and language disorder and the values of the parameters that produce the best performance were different. By excluding the number of directional cases, the proposed model can reduce the waste of resources in end-to-end relation extraction.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.103-112
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• 2009

In a nuclear power plant (NPP), periodic sensor calibrations are required to assure sensors are operating correctly. However, only a few faulty sensors are found to be calibrated. For the safe operation of an NPP and the reduction of unnecessary calibration, on-line calibration monitoring is needed. In this paper, principal component-based Auto-Associative support vector regression (PCSVR) was proposed for the sensor signal validation of the NPP. It utilizes the attractive merits of principal component analysis (PCA) for extracting predominant feature vectors and AASVR because it easily represents complicated processes that are difficult to model with analytical and mechanistic models. With the use of real plant startup data from the Kori Nuclear Power Plant Unit 3, SVR hyperparameters were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover the statistical techniques are integrated with PCSVR for the failure detection. The residuals between the estimated signals and the measured signals are tested by the Shewhart Control Chart, Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA), Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) and generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) to detect whether the sensors are failed or not. This study shows the GLRT can be a candidate for the detection of sensor drift.