• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 1996

Bacillus subtillis strains with transition state regulator mutations and a spore mutation were developed for the overexpression of apsE and for the enhancement of expression level. Among the many regulator genes, degU and hpr were chosen as a representative positive and negative regulator for the aprE, respectively. Spo II G was used for the construction of asporogeneous strains. All the mutants were constructed from two protease-deleted strain DB104 and the apsE gene was transformed with an integration vector pMK101. DB104(deg$U^h$(32) $his^+$)::pMK101(Cm) and DB104($\Delta$her(Em))::pMKl01(Cm) show 7-fold and about 2-fold increase in aprE expression level, respectively. But the effect of transition state regulator mutation on the aprE expression was diminished when the integrated aprE gene was amplified by the high concentration of chloramphenicol, i. e. 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. DB104($\Delta$spoIIG(Pm) degUh(32) his+)::pMK101(Cm) and DB104($\Delta$spoIIG(Pm) $\Delta$hpr(Em))::pMK101 double mutant show 10-fold and 3-fold increase in aprE expression level, respectively. The results suggest that sporulation mutation and transition state regulator mutation have independent and additive effect on the aprE expression, and the same gene dosage effect on the transition state regulator mutation was also identified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.274-294
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• 2007

The most reasonable method of counting the number of the estuaries in Korea may be counting the number of streams flowing into the sea. The number counting of the streams should be carried out based on the river classes (National River, Regional 1st Class River and Regional 2nd Class River) given by the River Act. The National River scale estuaries are totaled to thirteen, i.e. Han River(including Imjin River), Anseongcheon, Sapgyocheon, Geum River, Mankyeong River, Dongjin River, Yeoungsan River, Tamjin River, Seomjin River, Gawhacheon, Nakdong River(including West Nakdong River), Taewha River, and Hyeongsan River estuaries. The Regional 1st Class River scale estuaries are counted as four, i.e. Yeoungdeok Osipcheon, Samcheok Osipcheon, Gangneung Namdaecheon, and Yangyang Namdaecheon. While, the Regional 2nd Class River estuaries are arranged as the Province and counted as total 444; Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, Chungnam, Jeju Province have the 108, 94, 52, and 35 estuaries, respectively. The counted estuary numbers, however, can be slightly increased/decreased on what references are applied, e.g. whether or not including the streams lost estuary functions by the sea-dike construction or integrated nearby streams, and so on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2012

Performance analyses of vertical breakwaters were conducted for fictitiously designed breakwaters for various water depths to analyze the influence of climate change on the structures. The performance-based design method considering sea level rise and wave height increase due to climate change was used for the performance analysis. One of the problems of the performance-based design method is the large calculation time of wave transformation. To overcome this problem, the SWAN model combined with artificial neural network was used. The significant wave height and principal wave direction at the breakwater site are quickly calculated by using a trained neural network with inputs of deepwater significant wave height and principal wave direction, and tidal level. In general, structural stability becomes low due to climate change impacts, but the trend of stability is different depending on water depth. Outside surf zone, the influence of wave height increase becomes more significant, while that of sea level rise becomes negligible, as water depth increases. Inside surf zone, the influence of both wave height increase and sea level rise diminishes as water depth decreases, but the influence of wave height increase is greater than that of sea level rise. Reinforcement and maintenance policies for vertical breakwaters should be established with consideration of these results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The RIMGIS(River Information Management GIS) has been developed since 2000 for public service and practical applications of related works after the standardization of national river data such as the river facility register report, river survey map, attached map, and etc. The RIMGIS has been improved in order to respond proactively to change in the information environment. Recently, Smart River-based river information services and related data have become so large as to be overwhelming, making necessary improvements in managing big data. In this study a plan was suggested both to respond to these changes in the information environment and to provide a future Smart River-based river information service by understanding the current state of RIMGIS, improving RIMGIS itself, redesigning the database, developing distribution, and integrating river information systems. Therefore, primary and foreign key, which can distinguish attribute information and entity linkages, were redefined to increase the usability of RIMGIS. Database construction of attribute information and entity relationship diagram have been newly redefined to redesign linkages among tables from the perspective of a river standard database. In addition, this study was undertaken to expand the current supplier-oriented operating system to a demand-oriented operating system by establishing an efficient management of river-related information and a utilization system capable of adapting to the changes of a river management paradigm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1563-1570
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• 2010

To construct a highly sensitive detection system for endocrine disruptors (EDs), we have compared the activity of promoters with the n-alkane-inducible cytochrome P450 gene (ALK1), isocitrate lyase gene (ICL1), ribosomal protein S7 gene (RPS7), and the translation elongation factor-1${\alpha}$ gene (TEF1) for the heterologous gene in Yarrowia lipolytica. The promoters were introduced into the upstream of the lacZ or hERa reporter genes, respectively, and the activity was evaluated by ${\beta}$-galactosidase assay for lacZ and Western blot analysis for hER${\alpha}$. The expression analysis revealed that the ALK1 and ICL1 promoters were induced by n-decane and by EtOH, respectively. The constitutive promoter of RPS7 and TEF1 showed mostly a high level of expression in the presence of glucose and glycerol, respectively. In particular, the TEF1 promoter showed the highest ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity and a significant signal by Western blotting with the anti-estrogen receptor, compared with the other promoters. Moreover, the detection system was constructed with promoters linked to the upstream of the expression vector for the hER${\alpha}$ gene transformed into the Y. lipolytica with a chromosome-integrated lacZ reporter gene under the control of estrogen response elements (EREs). It was indicated that a combination of pTEF1p-hER${\alpha}$ and CXAU1-2XERE was the most effective system for the $E_2$-dependent induction of the ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity. This system showed the highest ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity at $10^{-6}\;M\;E_2$, and the activity could be detected at even the concentration of $10^{-10}\;M\;E_2$. As a result, we have constructed a strongly sensitive detection system with Y. lipolitica to evaluate recognized/suspected ED chemicals, such as natural/synthetic hormones, pesticides, and commercial chemicals. The results demonstrate the utility, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the system for identifying and characterizing environmental estrogens.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2009

To render more valuable information, a spatial database is being constructed from digitalized maps in the geographic areas. Transferring file-based maps into a spatial database, facilitates the integration of larger databases and information retrieval using database functions. Geological mapping is the graphical interpretation results of the geological phenomenon by geological surveyors, which is different from other thematic maps produced quantitatively. These features make it difficult to construct geologic databases needing geologic interpretation about various meanings. For those reasons, several organizations in the USA and Australia are suggesting the data model for the database construction. But, it is hard to adapt to a domestic environment because of the representation differences of geological phenomenon. This paper suggests the data model adaptive in domestic environment analyzing 1:50,000 scales of geologic maps and more detailed mine geologic maps. The suggested model is a logical data model for the ArcGIS GeoDatabase. Using the model it can be efficiently applicable in the 1:50,000 scales of geological maps. It is expected that the geologic data model suggested in this paper can be used for integrated use and efficient management of geologic maps.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.262-269
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• 2019

References at the end of an academic paper are information that helps authors keep their research ethics, readers refer to related prior studies. Also references are useful information for linking citations and citations between articles. As bibliography metrics develops, bibliographic data is used as an important data for assessing the academic influence of countries, institutions and individual researchers. However, it is not easy to identify and link the reference data due to the diversity of the bibliographic citation formats, the loss of information due to the abbreviation of journal names and author names, and typos by authors. This study investigated the method of improving the bibliographic data mapping rate by analyzing the unmapped cases. As a result, it was found that the main cause of the article-reference mapping failure was the similarity of abbreviated journal names. Research team suggested that continuous management of journal title authority data and improving the DOI registration rate as ways to improve the identification and mapping rate. This study is differentiated from other studies in used database. Bibliography mapping was attempted for domestic and foreign integrated journal database that is mainly subscribed, used, published and cited in Korea. Through reference construction volume and mapping rate improvement, it can be used as citation analysis and service database reflecting domestic situation that is different from overseas citation index database.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2013

Food contaminants are an emerging issue because food is highly influential to human health. Delphi survey was performed to establish the plan for effective management of food contaminants. Fifty experts from academia, research institute, government and food industries on food safety and policy participated in this study. From open-end questions 161 topics were collected and classified into five areas and 42 topics as the first round. The five areas were 'the integrated management system on food contaminants', 'safety management of food contaminants derived from environment', 'safety management of natural toxins contaminated on foods', 'safety management of hazardous substances produced during food processing' and 'construction of cooperative system and public relationship'. At the second round, after analyzing the replies (30/50 replied) the preliminary order was obtained and it was confirmed at the third round (24/30 replied). We suggest the order of priority for required research area of food contaminants considering the importance and urgency of the research.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2014

The research evaluates the possibility of generating electricity using pyrite containing mine tailings, which are the major cause of acid mine drainage (AMD), by applying iron oxidizing bacteria (in this case, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) and chemical fuel cell technology. The changes in the aqueous $Fe^{2+}$ concentration, which can represent an ionized form of pyrite, with an initial concentration of 9,000 mg/L were investigated during the 20 d growth period. Both the $Fe^{2+}$ and total iron (i.e., total $Fe^{2+}$)concentrations with or without A. ferrooxidans were observed. The $Fe^{2+}$ concentration decreased to about 6,000 mg/L, in the abiotic condition, while it decreased to about 400 mg/L in the biotic condition. The results showed that the increased $Fe^{2+}$ oxidation in the presence of A. ferrooxidans (i.e., catalytic ability of A. ferrooxidans) can be applied to electricity generation using pyrite containing mine tailings. In the co-presence of A. ferrooxidans and pyrite containing mine tailings, $Fe^{2+}$ oxidation and hence electron production increases, which, in turn, improves current density. This study can be applied to utilize ecological functions of indigenous bacteria in mine areas to enhance electricity generation efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.115-141
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• 2011

In urban space, public space is publicly or privately owned space freely accessible by the public. Privately owned public space to the public hosts small-scale rest facilities to serve the public in buildings of certain purposes and sizes for the sake of pleasant urban environment. The Building Act and building ordinances formulate a set of criteria for management and easement of construction standards as well as the area. When creating privately owned public space, one can get incentives through the easement of floor space index and height limit. The purposes of this study were to investigate and analyze privately owned public open space, which is freely accessible by the public, and its adjacent streets and to propose plans to improve the regulations for securing privately owned public space for more rational and practical legal applications. The study then proposed some plans to help to increase the quality of privately owned public space including applying the coefficient to suggest the type of privately owned public space fit for the features of the streets and measure the appropriate utility level differently and distinguishing the mandatory items according to the facility regulations in privately owned public space from the ones qualified for additional points in case of installation. The types of privately owned public open space should be applied differently and the content of facilities intended should be different according to whether it will serve as a resting place or grant more importance on traffic by walking, depending on the features of its adjacent streets. The privately owned public space, the frontage space of building, and the adjacent sidewalks should become a whole and be regarded as one space from the integrated perspective. The results of the study claim further significance in that it investigated privately owned open space and roadside across Seoul. They will serve as useful data to solve the problems with the privately owned public space of the city, which destroys spatial continuity by focusing on the quantitative increase of privately owned open space and creating individual privately owned open spaces and builds high-rise buildings alienated from the existing spaces, and to increase the quality of future privately owned public space.