• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.295-307
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• 1988

본 연구의 목적은 흡기관내의 유체유동을 Lax-Wendroff 방법을 이용한 유한차분법으로 해석함으로서 엔진 흡기효율에 영향을 미치는 흡기관내 압력을 관찰하고 이를 이용한 흡기관계 최적 설계기술을 확립하고자 한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2001

The evaluation of the noise for the an existing engine was carried out to improve the current noise level. The applied techniques were 1m air-borne noise, combustion noise analysis, torsional analysis at the front pulley and sound pressure intensity. In addition, the evaluation of the possibility to the noise reduction by means of wrapping the parts was performed to propose the detailed information in engine design. In view of the obtained results, the following countermeasures were recommended to reduce the current noise level through the above methods. Furthermore, in order to assess the influence of combustion noise on the overall engine noise, the noise test was also performed by the change of intake air temperature up to 5$0^{\circ}C$ in steps of 1$0^{\circ}C$. Finally, the fixed design specifications to reduce the engine noise will be decided in consideration of the test data for proto type engine.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.579-584
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• 2005

Unsteady state free natural gas jets injected from several types of injectors were numerically simulated. Simulations showed good agreements with the schlieren experimental results. Moreover, injections of natural gas in intake manifolds of a single-valve engine and a double-valve engine were predicted as well. Predictions revealed that large volumetric injections of natural gas in intake manifolds led to strong impingement of natural gas with the intake valves, which as a result, gave rise to pronounced backward reflection of natural gas towards the inlets of intake manifolds, together with significant increase in pressure in intake manifold. Based on our simulations, we speculated that for engines with short intake manifolds, reflections of the mixture of natural gas and air were likely to approach the inlets of intake manifolds and subsequently be inbreathed into other cylinders, resulting in non-uniform mixture distributions between the cylinders. For engines with long intake manifolds, inasmuch as the degrees of intake interferences between the cylinders were not identical in light of the ignition sequences, non-uniform intake charge distributions between the cylinders would occur.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.790-795
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• 2001

Since the characteristics of combustion and pollutant in Diesel engines were mainly affected by the characteristics of in-cylinder gas flow and fuel spray, an understanding of those was essential to the design of the D.I. Diesel engines. The improvement of volumetric efficiency of air charging into combustion chamber is a primary requirement to obtain better mean effective pressure of an engine. Since the air resistances in intake and exhaust flow passages, valve lift and valve shape influence greatly to the volumetric efficiency, it is very important to investigate the flow characteristics of intake and exhaust port which develops air motion in the combustion chamber. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of steady flow through the various kinds of commercial cylinder head ports, and the development procedures of HHI's H21/32 prototype cylinder head ports.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2001

It is necessary to understand the combustion process and cycle-by-cycle variation in combustion to improve the engine stability and consequently to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions. The pressure related parameters instead of mass fraction burned were compared for the effect of initial combustion pressures on the following combustion and the analysis of cycle-by-cycle variation in combustion for two pen injected SI engines. The correlation between IMEP and pressures at referenced crank angles showed almost the same trends for equivalence ratios, but the different mixture preparations indicated different tendency. The dependency of IMEP on pressure at the referenced crank angles increases as the mixture becomes leaner for both engines. The mixture distribution in the combustion chamber was varied with the coolant temperature and intake valve deactivation due to the evaporation of fuel and air motion. The correlation between pressure related parameters were also compared for the coolant temperatures and air motion.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2019

다양한 군용기에서, S자 형상의 디퓨저(흡입구)는 터보팬 엔진의 블레이드가 외부에 노출되는 것을 방지하기 위해 사용된다. 군용 항공기의 흡입구 형상은 F-22와 같은 직사각형, F-16과 같은 초승달모양, MG-25와 같은 타원형 등으로 다양하다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석을 통해 다양한 입구 형상을 갖는 S자 디퓨저의 공력 성능을 평가하였다. 또한, S형 덕트 중단부 단면 형상을 초승달 모양으로 변경하여 공력 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 공력 성능은 다양한 입구 모양에 따라 압력회복률에 약간의 차이를 보였다. 또한 압력왜곡은 직사각형 입구 형태에서 가장 낮았다. 중간단면의 형상이 타원형에서 초승달 모양으로 변경되었을 때, 전체 압력 회복은 높은 수준을 유지했다. 압력왜곡의 경우 초승달 형의 중간 단면을 갖는 덕트가 타원형 중간 단면 덕트보다 균일한 압력 분포를 나타내었다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2005

A swirl ratio of a charge in the cylinder could be calculated by measuring both the rotary speed of paddle and the intake air flow rate in the swirl measurement apparatus fur several positions of valve lift. The automation of the swirl ratio measurement for a cylinder head is achieved by controlling both the valve lift of cylinder head and a suction pressure of the surge tank, instead of controlling them manually. PID control of the surge tank pressure and positioning a valve lift of the cylinder head are also achieved by using two step motors, respectively. Rotating speed of a paddle are measured using an optical sensor and a counter. Flow rate are measured from ISA 1932 flow nozzle by reading a differential pressure gauge position using IEEE-1394 camera. Time to measure the swirl ratio for a port in the cylinder head is drastically reduced from an hour to 3 minutes by automation control of the apparatus.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2007

This paper experimentally investigates the effects of oxygen-enriched air (OEA) on the running behaviors of an LPG SI engine during both start/warm-up (SW) and hot idling (HI) stages. The experiments were performed on an air-cooled, single-cylinder, 4-stroke, LPG SI engine with an electronic fuel injection system and an electrically-heated oxygen sensor. OEA containing 23% and 25% oxygen (by volume) was supplied for the experiments. The throttle position was fixed at that of idle condition. A fueling strategy was used as following: the fuel injection pulse width (FIPW) in the first cycle of injection was set 5.05 ms, and 2.6 ms in the subsequent cycles till the achieving of closed-loop control. In closed-loop mode, the FIPW was adjusted by the ECU in terms of the oxygen sensor feedback. Instantaneous engine speed, cylinder pressure, engine-out time-resolved HC, CO and NOx emissions and excess air coefficient (EAC) were measured and compared to the intake air baseline (ambient air, 21% oxygen). The results show that during SW stage, with the increase in the oxygen concentration in the intake air, the EAC of the mixture is much closer to the stoichiometric one and more oxygen is made available for oxidation, which results in evidently-improved combustion. The ignition in the first firing cycle starts earlier and peak pressure and maximum heat release rate both notably increase. The maximum engine speed is elevated and HC and CO emissions are reduced considerably. The percent reductions in HC emissions are about 48% and 68% in CO emissions about 52% and 78%; with 23% and 25% OEA, respectively, compared to ambient air. During HI stage, with OEA, the fuel amount per cycle increases due to closed-loop control, the engine speed rises, and speed stability is improved. The HC emissions notably decrease: about 60% and 80% with 23% and 25% OEA, respectively, compared to ambient air. The CO emissions remain at the same low level as with ambient air. During both SW and HI stages, intake air oxygen enrichment causes the delay of spark timing and the increased NOx emissions.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.806-811
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• 2001

Since the characteristics of combustion and pollutant in Diesel engines were mainly effected by the characteristics of in-cylinder gas flow and fuel spray, an understanding of those was essential to the design of the D.I. Diesel engines. The improvement of volumetric efficiency of air charging into combustion chamber is a primary requirement to obtain better mean effective pressure of an engine. Since parameters such as the air resistances in intake and exhaust flow passages, valve lift and valve shape influence greatly to the volumetric efficiency, it is very important to investigate the flow characteristics of intake and exhaust port which develops air motion in the combustion chamber. In this study, two approach methods were used for design intake and exhaust port; experiment and computation which were made by using steady flow test rig and commercial CFD code. This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical investigation of steady flow through the prototype cylinder head ports and valves of the HHI's H21/32 HIMSEN Engine.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2014

The effects of high pressure and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation (HP/LP EGR) portion on diesel engine combustion and emissions characteristics were investigated in a 2.2 L passenger-car diesel engine. The po3rtion of HP/LP EGR was varied from 0 to 1 while fixing the mass flow rate of fresh air. The intake manifold temperature was lowered with the increasing of the portion of LP EGR, which led to the retardation of heat release by pilot injection. The lowered intake manifold temperature also resulted in low nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions due to decreased in-cylinder temperature and prolonged ignition delay, however, the carbon monoxide (CO) emission showed opposite trend to NOx emissions. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was decreased as the portion of LP EGR increased due to lowered exhaust manifold pressure by wider open of turbocharger vane. Consequently, the trade-off relationship between NOx and BSFC could be improved by increasing the LP EGR portion.