• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the recognition of body image and food behavior factors according to the BMI. The subjects of this study were 242 7th grade students resided in San Francisco area. The degree of recognition for self-estimated physique of subjects by gender and by race showed no significant differences by gender but significant differences by race, showing that 20.0% was considered as underweight in Asian and 7.5% was considered as underweight in White students. This showed the same tendency as actual physique status (BMI). Also, the ratio of being recognized as more than overweight was 17.3% in Asian, 23.3% in Hispanic, and 13.4% in White students. In case of female students, the ratio of dieting experience was 63.3%, and 49.3% of White students and 63.3% of Hispanic students experienced dieting. In case of students answered not healthy, their body weight were significantly higher than those answered as healthy, and the BMI was also over 19, showing significant differences. Thus cases that answered as not healthy had greater body weight and BMI. Also it showed that frequent dieting experience is related to higher height and weight. The analysis of food behavior factors perceived by body shape showed that the group perceived itself as overweight consumed more 'fast food' but had low scores in 'vegetables' intake, with frequent intake of 'soda' and tendency to 'overeat'. Also, the tendency for 'balanced life' was significantly lower and for skipping breakfast was significantly higher, suggesting problematic food behavior.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1992

To study on feeding behavior of copepods, Calanus sinicus and Acartia clausi(A. omorii), variations of filtering rate and rate of food intake with the changes of phytoplankton concentrations and time progress were measured in laboratory. Filtering rates of the two species of copepod declined with increasing of the food concentration and the averaging filtering rates C. sinicus and A. clausi were 2.42m/ copepod/hr., 3.37 ml/copepod/hr. respectively. And the rates of food intake increased with food concnetration up to a critical concentration. At higher concentrations, the rates of food intake were somewhat variable but kept the constance levels. Filtering rates of copepods with time progress didn't show diel feeding rythms and generally decreased. But filtering rate of A. Clausi increased by the increment of feeding in a few hours. consequently, two copepods showed similar tendency in the rate of food intake and filtering rate with phytoplankton concentrations. However, the measured values appeared differently. And the two species of copepod with time progress showed the non-continuous feeding behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary behavior, perception of body image and iron deficiency of high school adolescent girls. The subjects were 463 high school girls in Inchon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analysed by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-retails were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants height, weight, body fat (%), skinfold thirkness, subscapular skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-hip circumference. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of rural students were highest among students. However, over 18% of the urban and rural students belonged to the low-weight group. Proportions of skipping meals were most high in urban vocational students and the main reason was lack of time for meal. Most nutrient intakes of the students were below the RDA, in particular calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$. Most of the students were concerned with body image and weight control. Also they were not satisfied with their body image. The mean fell hemoglobin and transferrin saturation of rural students were lowest among students. The total binding capacity of urban vocational student\ulcorner were Invest among students. Prevalence of iron deficiency was most high in urban general students when judged by Hb, MCV and serum ferritin. In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in the female high school students was considerably lower than RDA. They should also be notified that severe weight control is very harmful for health. And they had lower self -satisfaction for their body image and undesirable flood habits. Therefore, prefer nutrition education is required to maintain desirable flood habits and improve their iron status in female high school students.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the degree of different stresses in university students of outer region of Seoul and to search the influence of food habit and nutrient intakes in stress. The data was collected by questionnaire method for self-diagnosed different stresses, dietary habit, and physical status and 24 hours recall for nutrient intakes. The subjects were 282 students attended at the lecture Food and Health. Diet balance was no difference with gender but food intakes were more diverse in female. Nutrient intake of male students was lower in vitamin A and riboflavin, but that of female was low in vitamin A and iron. The university students outer region of Seoul had more stress situation in frustration, deprivation and self-efface than in the stress of the noise and Type-A behavioral stress. Total self-diagnosed dietary habit score was better in the group of no susceptive overload stress than that of the high susceptive group. Same trend of dietary behavior score was in the group of no noise and anxiety-response stress than that in the susceptive groups. The quantity of nutrient intakes was correlated with different kind of stress. Niacin intake was positively related with the stress from life-events, and food induced stress. Thiamin intake was positively related with food induced stress. But the intake of iron, calcium, niacin and riboflavin were negatively related with the stress of noise. Therefore, we could concluded that different kind of stresses were influenced in dietary behavior and vitamin-mineral nutrient intakes. More research would be needed at the aspects of health promotion in the stressful situation of modern society.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.248-257
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on dietary behavior and nutrient intake among the male college students. The subjects were divided into three groups; non smoker(n=84), moderate smoker(n=68), and heavy smoker(n=89) according to duration and degree of smoking. And they were asked for general characteristics, life style, eating pattern, food frequency, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. The mean age, height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 26.2$\pm$6.2 years, 173.3$\pm$5.3㎝, 66.5$\pm$9.3㎏, and 22.1$\pm$2.7㎏/$m^2$, respectively. The type of residence and frequency of alcohol drinking were significantly different among three groups; the frequency of self-boarding and alcohol drinking in moderate smoker and heavy smoker was higher than those in non smoker. Comparing with non smoker, the frequency of skipping meals, especially breakfast and supper, was significantly high in moderate smoker and heavy smoker. The most common reason why heavy smoker skipped meals was ‘eating habit’, while it was ‘lack of time’ in non smoker. The results showed that the heavy smoker tended to drink coffee more often compared to the other two groups. There were no significant differences in nutrient intakes among three groups. In conclusion, heavy smoking students have unhealthy dietary behaviors in terms of high frequency of alcohol drinking, habit of skipping meals and frequent coffee drinking showing a strong need of proper education on smoking withdrawal and meal practice for them.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.752-771
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium reduction education program of a public health center on the blood pressure, blood biochemical profile and sodium intake of hypertensive adults. The program continued for 16 weeks with an 8-week nutrition education and an 8-week follow-up to forty two subjects, 6 males and 36 females aged 46 to 80 years. Subjects received nutrition education including lectures, activities, cooking classes and nutrition counseling. Physical fitness, management of stress, and nutrition counseling were provided during the follow-up. The program was evaluated three times, before and after the nutrition education, and after the follow-up. Systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) were decreased after completion of the program. Body weight (p < 0.005), percent body fat (p < 0.005) and body mass index (p < 0.001) were decreased, too. There were no significant differences in blood glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, while elevated levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) appeared after the program completion. Decreased intakes of vitamin A (p < 0.05), ${\beta}$-carotene (p < 0.001) and sodium (p < 0.001) were observed. Consumption frequency of noodles, soups, stews, kimchi, fishes/shellfish, seasoned vegetables, and salted seafoods/pickles (p < 0.05~p < 0.001) were decreased, while that of all food groups were not changed during the follow-up. Total score of nutrition knowledge related to sodium intake and hypertension (p < 0.001), and that of dietary behavior associated with high sodium intakes were changed positively (p < 0.001) only during the nutrition education. This sodium reduction education program, including the follow-up study showed positive effects on the blood pressure, sodium intake, nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of hypertensive adults.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.146-158
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• 2000

This study was designed to develop, implement and evaluate a nutrition education program for elementary school children. Subjects consisted of 47 children in the 6th grade in Seoul, Korea. They received five sessions of nutrition education from June to July, 1999. Topics for nutrition education included function of nutrients, food sources of nutrients, balanced diet, meal planning, and adequate energy intake. Each session lasted 40 minutes. To evaluate program effectiveness, one group pretest-posttest design was used. Subjects were given a pretest and a posttest on nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes, eating behavior, and dietary intake. All data were statistically analyzed mainly using the paired t-test and $\chi$$^2$-test. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest score on nutrition knowledge(p<0.001), subscales of nutrition knowledge including food sources of nutrients, function of nutrients, and balanced diet(p<0.001). These changes in nutrition knowledge were also shown both in boys(p<0.001) and in girls(p<0.001). Eating attitudes, subscales of eating attitudes, and eating behavior were not significantly changed after nutrition education, although some changes were observed in these variables. Dietary intakes were not significantly were not significantly changed after nutrition education for all subjects ; however, different patterns in dietary intakes were observed when examined by sex. There was an increase in nutrient intakes among boys, while there was a significant decrease in nutrient intakes among girls after program implementation. Especially, it was noted that girls had diets deficient in iron, calcium, and vitamin A, even after nutrition education. It was concluded that a five-week nutrition education program can improve nutrition knowledge or some dietary intake, but this might not be enough to induce changes in food attitudes, eating behavior or dietary intakes. It might be necessary to incorporate diverse approaches, targeting sub-groups of children, and follow-up in nutrition education for elementary school children. (J Community Nutrition 2(2) : 146∼158, 2000)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.521-526
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although a lot of effort has been put into increasing fruit and vegetable intakes in preschool children, vegetable intake in this group is still low. This study investigated whether nutrition education focusing on fruit and vegetable intakes can affect preschoolers' fruit and vegetable intakes as well as their behavioral outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-five preschoolers (54.3% boys, n = 19) aged 4-6 years residing in Seoul underwent weekly nutrition education intervention (8 sessions) between May and July 2016. Intakes of fruits and vegetables were measured during pre and post-intervention. At snack time, fresh fruit (150 g) and vegetable (120 g) snacks were distributed to each child by teachers. The remaining portions of the snacks were weighed and recorded for each child. Behavioral outcomes were measured by applying Child behavior checklist 1.5-5 and the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. RESULTS: During post intervention, vegetable intake increased from $36.15{\pm}30.64g$ to $48.01{\pm}31.23g$ (P = 0.010). Among the emotional and behavioral problems measured by parents, levels of total problems (P = 0.001), internalizing (P = 0.004), externalizing (P = 0.003), anxiety and depression (P = 0.001), and aggressive behavior (P = 0.005) decreased. Anxiety (P = 0.026) score, as measured by teachers, also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education of preschoolers regarding the intakes of fruits and vegetables had a positive effect on preschoolers' vegetable intake as well as on their emotional and behavioral outcomes. A long-term, large-scale study with a broader study design is warranted to further investigate the role of fruit and vegetable intake in cognitive development and behavior of preschoolers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.410-419
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the consumption pattern of snacks-containing trans-fatty acid in adolescents living in the Kwang-ju area of Korea, and to analyze the relevance toward their eating behaviors, body composition, nutrient intakes, and consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid. A survey questionnaire was developed in order to investigate general environmental factors, eating behavior, nutritional knowledge, and the consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid. A total of 312 middle school students were surveyed. The collection rate was 97% and ultimately 282 cases were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements, body composition data, and nutrient intakes were also collected. The consumption frequencies for snacks-containing trans-fatty acid were negatively correlated with food behavior scores (p<0.01) however, pocket money and snack intake frequency per day were positively correlated with consumption frequency. Also, snack consumption frequency had some correlation with the subjects' anthropometric measurements and body composition data such as total body water (p<0.01), body protein (p<0.01), body minerals (p<0.01), and skeletal muscle mass (p<0.01). Finally, the consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid was significantly correlated with calcium intake (p<0.05), it also showed correlations with vitamin A, retinol, ${\beta}-carotene$, and folic acid intake, although statistical significance was not verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.418-427
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the relationships among personality preferences, dietary habit and nutrient intake of University students (n=283). Mean dietary habit score was similar between sexes and was 46.1/100 in male students and 45.1/100 in female students. Average energy intake of male students was 2,019 kcal (80.8% of RDA) and that of female students was 1,675 kcal (83.7%). Male students were taking less than 90% of RDA in calcium and vitamin $B_2$ and female students were taking less than 90% of RDA in calcium, iron, vitamin C, and vitamin A. Students preferring Judgment had significantly higher dietary habit score than students preferring Perception. Extraversion had higher nutrient intake than Introversion both in male and female students. Male students preferring Feeling had also higher nutrient intake than students preferring Thinking. Nutrient density per 1,000 kcal was higher in Thinking and Judgment than Feeling and Perception. In conclusion, students preferring Judgment and Extraversion have better dietary habit and nutrient intake than those preferring Perception and Introversion. More studies are necessary between personality preferences and dietary behavior to contribute to effective nutrition education and counseling.