• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 1993

Interactive effects among eating behavior, obesity and serum lipid levels were studied in 117, 4~12 year old children residing suburban Seoul. Fasting blood samples are obtained and analyzed for serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) and hematochrit. Obesity was determined by weight for length index(WLI)and the information on eating behavior including food habits and dietary intakes was obtained by questionaire using food record method for 2-consecutive days. Over 40% of children was classified overweight or obese by WIL and children's physical parameters were closely related to those of parents implying genetic influence on obesity. Although it did not reach the statistical significance, there was a tendency of higher TG, TC and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)levels among girls compared to boys. Blood lipid levels of obese children were similar to those of other groups except TG, which was significantly higher(p<0.05) in obese group. Nutrient intakes seemed adequate in all subjects except iron, calcium and total calorie which were lower than RDAs. Lacking significant relationship between individual nutrient intake and obesity, there was significant correlation between food intake and blood lipid level especially in 10-12 year old group. Vegetable intake was negatively related to TG, LPH(LDL-C/HDL-C) and atherogenic index(AI), and positively to HDL-C. Skipping breakfast and frequent eating out appeared to cause imbalances in nutrient intake. These findings clearly revealed the influence of eating behavior on childhood obesity along with blood lipid profile. To ensure the proper growth and health of these children, devising method and developing media for nutrition education suited to our society should be accomplished first. With well-planned nutrition surveys and thorough intention, childhool obesity could be prevented from progress into adulthood obesity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exorcist habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 504-511, 2003)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2011

The objective of the current study was to examine associations of whole grain consumption with socio-demographic (i.e.: sex, age, household income, education, marriage status) and certain eating behavior factors (i.e.: dish source, eating place, meal type) among a generally healthy Korean population. Using twenty-four hour recall data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of 8,836 generally healthy Koreans aged 6 years and higher. The study subjects had very low whole grain intake. Specifically approximately 60% of the subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the survey day, and mean daily intake ranged from 8.0 g to 15.1 g in different gender and age groups. Living with a spouse was found to be a positive environment factor for whole grain consumption, especially among men. As household income levels increased, whole grain consumption status also improved. The proportion of non-consumer was lowest in a 6-19 year group, and mean intake amount was highest in middle-aged adults. Major dish sources for whole grain consumption included boiled rice with mixed grains, corn, boiled rice with brown rice, cereal products, and other types of boiled rice. It was found that whole grain consumption was highly affected by eating places rather than meal types. The best contributing eating place was home in each age and gender group. The study findings may be useful in planning nutrition education strategy and formulating dietary behavior guidelines for whole grain consumption improvement.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary behavior and nutritional knowledge related to sodium intake in high school students. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 400 high school students (200 boys) in Incheon, Korea. Survey data were analyzed according to gender and degree of obesity. The distribution of the degree of obesity was the highest in 231 normal weight individuals (57.8%), followed by 89 underweight (22.3%), 41 overweight (10.3%), and 39 obese (9.8%). The sodium-related undesirable dietary behavior score was 2.9 points out of 5 points. The detailed dietary behavior scores of 'I eat kimchi when I eat instant noodles or noodles' and 'I like dried fish with salt' were significantly higher in boys than in girls (p<0.05). It was found that boys consumed more frequently high sodium foods, such as pizza, hamburger, and hotdog than girls. According to the degree of obesity, the underweight group consumed more kimchi fried rice and potato chips frequently than the other groups (p<0.05). Preference for salty taste was not significantly different among the groups by gender and degree of obesity. Sodium-related nutritional knowledge score was 5.3 points out of 10 and which was significantly higher in girls or normal weight group than in boys or obesity group. These results suggest that nutritional education on sodium intake is needed because the nutritional knowledge of adolescents is relatively low. Moreover, intensive nutritional guidance is required, especially in boys or adolescents with undesirable degree of obesity.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2015

This study was performed for the purpose of establishing proper dietary behaviors and improving sodium intake status by investigating nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, and food intake frequency related to sodium in 398 university students living in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon. Female students showed a higher rate of eating out more than five times a week as well as daily snack intake than male students. Female students showed a higher score for sodium-related nutrition knowledge than male students, whereas male students showed higher sodium intake than female students. Subjects who showed a higher frequency of eating out and snack intake also showed a higher salt intake ratio and sodium-related nutrition knowledge. Subjects with higher scores related to sodium-related nutrition knowledge showed a higher low salt intake ratio and incidence of low sodium food intake. From this research, depending on the level of nutrition knowledge related to sodium university students showed differences in dietary behavior related to sodium intake. This result would be helpful to develop lower sodium training materials specific to low sodium food selection tips, reading nutrition labels, and so on.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in food and nutrient intake by smoking status among Korean. Food and nutrient intake in relation to smoking status was studied in 7,370 adults, aged 20 years and older in 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, in which 24 hour recall method was used for dietary survey. Information of subject's smoking status was collected by interview as a part of health behavior survey. Analysis of variance was used to test the differences in food and nutrition intake among subjects following after Duncan's multiple range test among four different smoking exposure categories. Food intake of male ex-smoker was the highest in most of the food groups among the four groups of daily current smoker, occasional current smoker, ex-smoker and never smoker. There was significant differences observed in food intake of sugar, fruits, beverage, seasoning by the smoking status. It had been also observed that significantly high intake of energy from carbohydrate in non smoker compare to current smoker especially in male subjects. Fiber and vitamin C intake was also higher among non-smoker (never smoker and ex-smoker) than current smoker. In general, food and nutrient intake pattern of ex-smoker resembled those of never smoker than those of current smoker. Not likely the observation from European and American studies, fat intake was not statistically different between smoker (current) and non-smoker (ex-smoker and never smoker) among Korean.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.651-654
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• 1996

The effect of guanethidine on feeding behavior was investigated in the chicken. Graded levels of chronically administered guanethidine, an adrenergic neurone blocker, at 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, decreased body weight gain and food intake in a dose dependent manner. The effect of acute guanethidine administration on crop emptying rate of the chicken was also investigated. The highest level (10 mg i.v./kg body weight) of guanethidine significantly delayed crop emptying compared with the control. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system in the chicken is an important factor for the regulation of feeding behavior associated with food passage from the crop.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.505-515
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body mass index and food habits of female university students (nutrition majors) in Seoul. The means of height, weight and BMI were 161.22${\pm}$4.63cm, 52.76${\pm}$6.59kg, and 22.20${\pm}$3.98, respectively. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on BMI. The ratio of underweight, normal, and overweight students was 25.2%, 56.3%, and 18.5%. respectively. There were significant differences in the recognition rate of body shape and the way to maintain health by BMI. And self satisfaction rate of body shape was significantly higher in underweight subjects compared with others. There was no significant difference in the rate of activity and exercise, food behavior, intake frequency of various foods, intake of convenience food and carbonated drink according to BMI. Weight and body fat of subjects had a significant correlation with BMI. and height, frequency of taking food, frequency of meals, food behavior, intake food, health and exercise consciousness rate showed no correlation with BMI.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.512-518
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• 2000

A wall fuel-film flow model is developed to predict the effect of a wall-fuel-film on air-fuel ratio in an SI engine in transient conditions. Fuel redistribution in the intake port resulting from charge backflow and a simple liquid fuel behavior in the cylinder are included in this model. Liquid fuel film flow is calculated of every crank angle degree using the instantaneous air flow rate. The model is validated by comparing the calculated results and corresponding engine experiment results of a commercial 4 cylinder DOHC engine. The predicted results match well with the experimental results. To maintain the constant air-fuel ratio during transient operation. the fuel injection rate control can be obtained from the simulation result.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.3108-3113
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• 2008

This paper investigated the behaviors of combustion characteristics at part load condition with various intake charge motions induced by the port masking schemes in the CVVT (Continuously Variable valve Timing) engine. Time resolved in-cylinder and exhaust emissions were measured by the fast response HC and NOx analyzers to examine their formation mechanisms and behavior characteristics. As a result, in-cylinder HC decreased with the advanced intake valve timings but HC at the exhaust port increased due to the worse combustion stabilities. However HC reduction could be achieved by the application of the port maskings with a enhancement of the engine stability. NOx also decreased with early intake timings by internal EGR but increased with the charge motion controls which enhance the combustion behavior.