• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 2006

The study aimed to identify major factors related to global self-rated health of the community-dwelling elderly people in rural areas. Interviews were conducted with 433 persons over 65 years of age. The socio-economic characteristics, chronic disease status, measures of functional and mental health, life satisfaction, health-related behaviors including smoking, drinking, exercise, social activity, dietary habit, and food intakes were analyzed to determine their influence on self-rated health index. Data on food intake were obtained through the 24-hour recall method. The self-rated health of rural elderly was poor or very poor as reported by 42.6% and 52.4% of the men and women, respectively. Poor self-rated health was found to be related to elderly aged $65{\sim}74$, female, absence of work, more chronic diseases, dependence on Instrumental Activity Daily Living (IADL), higher mental unhealthy days, lower current life satisfaction, less social activity, lower dietary habit scores, lower intake of total food, fruit, eggs, fishes & shell fishes, vitamin C (%RDA), and Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that poor self-rated health index is significantly associated with more chronic diseases, mental unhealthy days, gastrointestinal disease, musculoskeletal disease, less social activity, and lower intake of fruits. The results also suggested that improving the nutritional status and functional ability, and reducing the burden of chronic diseases are beneficial to the self-rated health index of the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

The nutritional and health status of low-income alone-living elderly(ALE) was assessed in relation to the activity of daily living (ADL) and nutritional risk factors. One hundred and eighty five ALE over 65 years old, living in the Sungnam area, were interviewed in their homes through questionnaires. The results were as follows : 63.6% of the subjects considered themselves in poor the health and only 4.3% of them considered thermselves healthy. 89.7% of the subjects answered that they were suffering from illness and 29.7% were taking medication. The ADL was assessed through 10 checklist items and the average score of the ADL was $84.78{\pm}11.11$(maximum :100) The nutritional risk index(NRI) was evaluated by 12 risk factors and the average score of the NRI was $4.43{\pm}1.38$ (maximumː12) The scores of the ADL were positively correlated with the scored of the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)(r=0.7523, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with NRI(r= -0.2694, p<0.001) When subjects were divided into nutritionally high risk group(HNARI: TEX>$NRI{\geq}5$) and nutritionally low risk group(LNRI : NRI<5) according to the USA screening basis, 48.9% of the subjects belonged to the HNRI, But 16.9% of the HNRI and 34.4% of the LNRI belonged to the fourth quartile($Q_{0.75}$) of the ADL, the distribution of which showed significant differences(p<0.05) We suggest that the application of the ADL as a screening tool for nutrition intervention programs for the elderly. Oncemore, further research is needed to develop appropriate checklist items for the ADL and NRI along with the screening basis for the NRI 새 diagnose the adverse nutritional status of the Korean elderly.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the subjective health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Haenyo. Methods: Subjects were 100 elderly Haenyo in Jeju island who belonged to a fishing-village society. Main variables were activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), the HRQoL, subjective health, and depression. Subjective health and differences of HRQoL by variables were analyzed by t-test or ANOVA using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Hierarchical multiple regression was executed to examine the effects of the major factors on the quality of life. Results: The mean age was 69.9 years, the mean period for diving career was 51.5 years, and work hours per month were 37.8. Comorbidity of diseases was 2.74, and the common health problems were osteoporosis and headache/dizziness. HRQoL was significantly different by age (F=4.52, p=.013), education (F=6.10, p=.003), muljil work years (F=3.93, p=.050), depression (t=-3.04, p=.030), subjective health state (F=30.62, p<.01), and degenerative arthritis (F=-2.38, p=.019). In the final model by hierarchical multiple regression, ADL/IADL (${\beta}=.41$, p<.001), depression (${\beta}=-.29$, p<.001), and subjective health (${\beta}=.43{\sim}.51$, p<.001) were significant and explained 63.5% of the total variance of HRQoL. Conclusion: Haenyo have specific health problems different from those of elderly women in general. ADL/IADL, depression and subjective health affected their HRQoL. It is clear that Haenyos' health problems need further study to improve their health.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22 nucleotides of small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level through translational inhibition and destabilization of their target mRNAs. The miRNAs are phylogenetically conserved and have been shown to be instrumental in a wide variety of key biological processes including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metabolism, imprinting, and differentiation. Recently, a paper has shown that expression of the miRNA-302/367 cluster expressed abundantly in mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can directly reprogram mouse and human somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) efficiently in the absence of any of the four factors, Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4. To apply this efficient method to porcine, we analyzed porcine genomic sequence containing predicted porcine miRNA-302/367 cluster through ENSEMBL database, generated a non-replicative episomal vector system including miRNA-302/367 cluster originated from porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF), and tried to make porcine iPSCs by transfection of the miRNA-302/367 cluster. Colonies expressing EGFP and forming compact shape were found, but they were not established as iPSC lines. Our data in this study show that pig miRNA-302/367 cluster could not satisfy requirement of PEF reprogramming conditions for pluripotency. To make pig iPSC lines by miRNA, further studies on the role of miRNAs in pluripotency and new trials of transfection with conventional reprogramming factors are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.400-410
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influenced the health-related quality of life of young-old (65-74 yr) men, old-old (75-84 yr) men, and oldest-old (85 yr or above) men in vulnerable aged received home care from public health center. Methods: The participants for this study were 318 aged Korean men living in D city. The data was collected from August to October, 2009 using structured questionnaires. Chi-square, One way ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: There were statistically significant differences among young-old, old-old, and oldest-old men regarding the health-related quality of life, health promoting behavior, IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), rehabilitation, depression, and social support. The model including variables related to physical, psychological, and social aspects of life, explained variance of the health-related quality of life of aged men differently, such as 39.6% of young-old, 35.4% of old-old, and 47.0% of oldest-old. Finally, IADL and social support were predictors in explaining the level of health-related quality of life among vulnerable old men regardless of age. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, nursing interventions should be developed to improve health-related quality of life of vulnerable aged men according to age differences.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.233-260
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• 2011

This study intends to analyze the trend of employment rate of men aged 55~64 in 15 OECD countries from 1980 to 2005. Furthermore, this study means to examine the determinants of men aged 55~64 in 15 OECD countries to support the labor force participation among them. The analysis is based on the data of OECD, ILO and LIS. The analysis method is Arellano and Bond(1981)'s difference GMM which used instrumental variables by dynamic panel model which estimates state dependency of labor market participation and individual panel's heterogeneity. The main results from this analysis are summarized in three points. First, the employment rates of men aged 55~64 had decreased until the middle of the 1990s, while that has been increasing since 1995. Second, the sate dependency strongly worked in the employment rates of 55~64 men and positive period effect was observed for 1980~2005. This study cannot find the pull effect of public pension, while labor market push effect have negatively affected. Third, temporary work rates had contributed to increase the employment rate of men aged 55~64 for 1996~2005. The poverty has become the mechanism of the labor.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.5 s.219
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• pp.99-107
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to identify the types of teacher efficacy, to present a theoretical base for teacher efficacy among Home Economics teachers and subsequently, to improve the quality in the practices of home economics education. To achieve these purposes, 263 secondary school home economics teachers were surveyed by the prime investigator. The three research questions of this study were: 1. What are the individual characteristics, the environmental characteristics and the trends of teacher efficacy among secondary school home economics teachers? 2. What is the factor in teacher efficacy among secondary school home economics teachers? 3. What are the types of teacher efficacy among secondary school home economics teachers? For these research questions, factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted. The factor analysis on teacher efficacy with a survey of secondary school home economics teachers produced 5 factors of efficacy: classroom management, needs assistance, instructional strategies, environmental assistance and teaming assistance. The teacher efficacy had a mean of 3.58 and the home economics teachers showed a slightly higher level in teacher efficacy. Of the 5 efficacy factors, classroom management showed the highest level (M=3.89), followed by learning assistance (M=3.81), instrumental strategies (M=3.57), environmental assistance (M=3.42) and needs assistance (M=3.19). Overall, the teachers had positive feeling in teacher efficacy. Three types of teachers were found in the types of teacher efficacy: the supreme, the average and the efforts-needy. Those types were identified based on the mean scores of the five sub-domains from the factor analysis. To enhance the teacher efficacy, the needs assessments for the students and behavioral adjustment issues should be reflected in the curriculum of teacher education and workshops. The primary investigator suggested that continuous and long-term plans for teacher education need to be developed because short-term plans may not be effective in changing attitudes such as teacher efficacy.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.52-67
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• 2007

Korean government is preparing the long-term care financing and delivery system in order to cope with rapid population aging. The system should be designed to provide demented patients with an appropriate services that the patients want to take, and considered to be necessary for them. In this regard, this study aims to analyse empirically a relationship between the types of long-term care services that demented patients wanted to take and they actually received during 2004. The caregivers of 609 dementia patients, who were randomly selected in a manner of proportional allocation from a nationwide claim database of the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation, were interviewed in September, 2005. Independent variables include socio-demographic characteristics, Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL). To explore the correspondence of the types of long-term care services that demented patients wanted to take and that they actually received, and its affecting factors, we conducted chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Main findings are as follows. First, while only 20% of study subjects wanted home services as a long-term care services, those who wanted to use the long-term care facilities and general hospital were 37%, 43% respectively. Second, the correspondence rate was just 38% on average, and extremely low in the demented patients who wanted to use long-term care facilities. Third, the demented patients who resided in urban areas and received relatively high level of education showed high correspondence rate. Fourth, the high ADL score was closely related to low correspondence rate.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.136-143
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• 2014

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has been instrumental in guiding global health policy development since the early 1990s. The GBD 2010 project provided rich information about the key causes of mortality, disability-adjusted life years, and their associated risk factors in Japan and provided a unique opportunity to incorporate these data into health planning. As part of the latest update of this project, GBD 2013, the Japanese GBD collaborators plan to update and refine the available burden of disease data by incorporating sub-national estimates of the burden of disease at the prefectural level. These estimates will provide health planners and policy makers at both the national and prefectural level with new, more refined tools to adapt local public health initiatives to meet the health needs of local populations. Moreover, they will enable the Japanese health system to better respond to the unique challenges in their rapidly aging population and as a complex combination of non-communicable disease risk factors begin to dominate the policy agenda. Regional collaborations will enable nations to learn from the experiences of other nations that may be at different stages of the epidemiological transition and have different exposure profiles and associated health effects. Such analyses and improvements in the data collection systems will further improve the health of the Japanese, maintain Japan's excellent record of health equity, and provide a better understanding of the direction of health policy in the region.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-rated health and to find various factors affecting it for elderly women in a rural community, to provide data necessary to establish health promotion programs for elderly. The subjects of the study included a total of 245 women with above 70 years of age reside in one rural community. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for self-rated health, Lawton's physical & instrumental activity of daily living scales, social network were evaluated. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The self-rated health of the elderly women were measured on a 100 point(VAS) scale and the score was 53.6, indicating that women rated their health as moderate. 2. Factors such as income(p=0.008), family size(p=0.031), the level of ADL(p=0.039), urinary symptom(p=0.039), nocturia(p=0.001), visual difficulty(p=0.023), the number of chronic diseases(p=0.015), presence of arthritis or neuralgia(p=0.015), social network(p=0.002), housework assistant(p=0.008), emotional support(p=0.031) were significantly related to self-rated health. 3. Through the stepwise multiple regression, social network, family size, visual difficulty, and housework assistant were identified as significant predictors of self-rated health(p<0.05), explaining $21.0\%$ of the variance of the dependent variable. Better understanding of the determinants of healthy aging hopefully will lead to effective interventions to improve the quality of life of the elderly.