• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2010

After analyzing each procedure from standard instrument procedures used at Incheon International Airport, which is believed to have caused noise problems in and around Ganghwa island, we came to a conclusion that some Standard Instrument Departure Procedures and Standard Instrument Approach Procedures need to be revised, and therefore we made some propositions with regard to noise abatement procedures(CDA, RNAV approach etc.). Additionally, we evaluated viability of the proposed flight procedures by conducting a number of demonstrations with use of flight simulation.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 2014

In this study, development process of a design program for Instrument Flight Procedure (IFP) is briefly described. Survey results and corresponding analysis are shown to enhance a market competence of the deliverables. Standards and regulations for IFP design are analyzed to derive the system requirements. Detail development processes and test procedures are explained.

• IE interfaces
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1993

A nonstandard instrument used in the filed frequently becomes out-of-calibration due to environmental noise, misuse, aging, etc. A substantial amount of loss may result if such nonstandard instrument is used to check product quality and performance. Traditional periodic calibration at the calibration center is not capable of detecting out-of-calibration status while the instrument is in use, and therefore, statistical methods need to be developed to check the status of a nonstandard instrument in the field between calibrations. Developed in this paper is a unified measurement assurance model in which statistical calibration at the calibration center and measurement assurance test in the filed are combined. We developed statistical procedures to detect changes in precision and in the coefficients of the calibration equation. Futher, computational experiments are conducted to evaluate how the power of test varies with respect to the parameters involved. Based upon the computational results we suggest procedures for designing effective measurement assurance tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.24-30
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• 2017

Obstacle defines all fixed and mobile objects, or parts thereof, that are located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft or extend above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight or stand outside those defined surfaces and that have been assessed as being a hazard to air navigation. Aircraft operations are based on electronic supporting systems using radio frequencies to assist pilots. These frequencies can receive outside interference that change their courses or power, such as distortion, attenuation or reinforcements by an obstacle. This is a preliminary case study that shows the relation of instrument flight procedures and the degree of interferences introduced by a planned obstacle, which is a main bridge post, within the service volume of the radio navigation aids. For the purpose of this study, the case airport's data and it's VOR/DME and ILS systems' limitations are analyzed, as well as the relation of interferences between the obstacle and navigation aides were reviewed with the internal regulations in Korea.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.575-584
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• 1997

The quality of periodontal instrument cutting edge is a basic element of effective root planing procedure. Using instruments, the sharp edge is changed into blunt or beveled edge. With the blunt instrument, the periodontal treatment can't be carried into accuracy and effective. The study on the wear of periodontal curet is insufficient, there are few publications about the change of sharpness of cutting egde after using instrument and a certen reports were published on the study of scanning electron microscope(SEM) examination. In this study, to declare the number of strokes for sharpening of instruments, the changes of cutting edge is measured by the clinical methods, tactile sensitivity examination and refraction light-white line test after scaling strokes and root planing strokes. SEM test was added for defined the changes of cutting edges. The 7/8 Gracey curets that have been never used was tested. Maxillary molars which were extracted from the School of Dental Medicine, Dankook University was used. Subjected teeth had attachment loss more than 6 mm in bucca-lingual surface and sufficient calculus of a band type in cervical area. The strokes of curet were executed 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 times on scaling stroke and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 times on root planing stroke. A resident has periodontal experience over 3 years carried out the clinical examinations those tactile sensitivity examination and refraction light-white line test 5 times. The case there being tactile sensitivity certenly is 2, the case being felt tactile sensitivity is 1, and the case there not being tactile sensitivity is 0. The visual examination was recorded as following. The case that refracted white line is not recognised is 2, the case that uncerten is 1, and the case that acknowledged is 0. The results were obtained as follows. 1. After scaling strokes, the tactile sensitivity was reduced after 11 strokes and disappeared in 13 strokes. 2. In tactile sensitivity after root planing procedures, sensitivity was reduced after 25 strokes and disappeared in 35 strokes. 3. In case of visual examination, the detection of refracted white line was increased after 9 strokes of scaling procedures and the accuracy of wear wasn't showed after root planing procedures. 4. In SEM, metal projection was observed on new periodontal curet cutting edge and it was disappeared after scaling procedures. 5. In SEM, the cutting edge was showed changing linear into an aspect of the surface after 5 strokes of scaling procedures and 10 strokes of root planing procedures and showed beveled edge in 11 strokes of scaling procedures, 25 strokes of root planing procedures. The results of 3-type examination indicated that the sharpening of curet should be performed after 11 strokes of scaling procedures and 25 strokes of root planing procedures.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.272-277
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• 2024

In most countries, instrument flight procedures are designed by applying one of the following standards: the International Aviation Organization's DOC 8168, Air Navigation Services and Operation Procedures (PANS-OPS), or the US Federal Aviation Administration's TERPS, Terminal Procedures. In particular, the circling approach procedure has many differences between the two standards, and the US terminal procedure (TERPS) has become more complicated since 2013 by applying expanded standards depending on altitude. The circling approach procedures are more risky than straight-in approach procedures because it involves maneuvering the aircraft close to the ground at low energy for landing. In order to accurately understand these differences, this study provides to distinguish by what criteria the circling approach procedure is designed according to individual domestic airports in Korea, to calculate the radius for the range of circling approach areas that guarantee minimum obstacle avoidance during circling approach maneuvers, and to present methods for performing safe circling approach procedures.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.675-677
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• 2015

A data simulator and reduction package for the Devasthal Optical Telescope Integral Field Spectrograph (DOTIFS) has been developed. Since data reduction for the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) requires complicated procedures due to the complex nature of the integral spectrograph, common reduction procedures are usually not directly applicable for such an instrument. Therefore, the development of an optimized package for the DOTIFS is required. The data simulator observes artificial object and simulates CCD images for the instrument considering various effects; e.g. atmosphere, sky background, transmission, spectrograph optics aberration, and detector noise. The data reduction package has been developed based on the outcomes from the DOTIFS data simulator. The reduction package includes the entire processes for the reduction; pre-processing, flat-fielding, and sky subtraction. It generates 3D data cubes as a final product, which users can use for science directly.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2000

Instrument flight simulators are used for training the interpretation and operation techniques for all kinds of aircraft instruments, cockpit procedures, etc., in order that pilots cope with the situations which can be occurred in actual flight. However, the simulators developed so far are concerned about operating in same environment to actual aircraft. And little researches concentrate on developing systematic training system for basic tasks and takeoff-landing procedures, and automatic evaluation methods on the training results. Therefore, in this paper, we propose implementation and evaluation methods for flight tasks such as tasks in flight, takeoff-landing procedures and course flight.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.192-198
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• 2015

Since instrument landing system currently operating in most airports is operating in single-pass, it is not possible to accommodate a large number of aircraft. A satellite navigation system GBAS using a GNSS has been developed to solve these limitation when air traffic increases. GBAS is better than the ILS in position accuracy and capable of landing through multiple paths rather than a single path, the aircraft can perform varied landing procedures. In this paper, after we established a virtual ILS procedures at Taean Airfield in which ILS installation is impossible due to environmental requirements and airspace restrictions, flight test was performed by Cessna Skyhawk 172 to compare the virtual ILS procedures and curved approach procedure and the advantage of curved approach was confirmed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2013

During root canal preparation procedures, the potential for instrument breakage is always present. When instrument breakage occurs, it leads to anxiety of the clinician and as well as a metallic obstruction of the canal which hinders further cleaning and shaping. Separated instruments must always be attempted for retrieval and if retrieval is not possible bypass should be tried. With the increased use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments the incidence of separated instruments has increased. A considerable amount of research has been done to understand the various factors related to the fracture of NiTi instruments to minimize its occurrence. This paper presents a review of the literature regarding the fracture of NiTi instruments and also describes a case report showing the use of a modified 18-guage needle and cyanoacrylate glue to retrieve a separated NiTi instrument from the mesiolingual canal of a mandibular first molar.