• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.277-295
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• 2007

This paper presents the ODR phenomenon with a specific focus on regulatory problems. It argues that the current regulatory framework for online dispute resolution is, to a large extent, defective. Existing deficiencies result not only from a lack of comprehensive ODR law, but also from the weakness of the other modalities of regulation : norms and market. The current today's approach to regulating ODR has been unsuccessful, and it is time to re-examine that position. I would like to say that suggesting details of the optimal ODR regulatory framework is beyond the scope of this paper. From a broader perspective, the field of ODR seems to be not sufficiently regulated. Neither by law, nor by the restrains set by other norms or market. Given the current weakness of the modalities of regulation, online dispute resolution requires greater institutional and international support. It appears that adoption of internationally harmonized ODR law would not hamper the development of norms and market, but rather support their proper growth. As a result, the co-regulation approach recommended in this paper is different from both traditional state-oriented models of regulation and self-regulatory systems. Arguably, this co-regulation approach is the optimal model for regulation of online dispute resolution under current circumstances.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-99
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• 2011

Objective : To explore and describe coordinators' experiences in collaborative practices between the traditional Korean medicine doctors and the western medicine doctors. Methods : Five coordinators who agreed and completed the informed consent to take part in this qualitative study were interviewed thoroughly and tape-recorded. Transcribed data were analysed thematically with ground theory. Results : Most participants started their coordinating work without sufficient knowledge and systemic support. They, however, could find their identity as coordinators for collaborative practices through preparing manuals and protocols, providing comprehensive patients care, and experiencing the partnership with doctors. To coordinate Korean medicine and western medicine practices efficiently, participants have tried to enhance their professional knowledge and skills, and establish favorable networks. On the other hand, they were in dilemmas of being a multi-player and imbalance of responsibilities and powers in their jobs. Conclusions : It is recommended to clarify job description of coordinator for collaborative practices, develop training programme, and provide the institutional support for wider recognition of coordinator. Findings from this study should be considered in both Korean medicine-western medicine collaborative research and practice.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.66
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• pp.241-261
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• 2015

About trade show strategic practical use plan, sought practical use plan hereafter with problem in 5 side. First, need that supply reliable and objective information about exhibition utilizing active public relations of domestic trade show certification system and international certification system. Second, I need to reinforce budget support estimation to expand governmental budget support and strengthen professionalism of exhibition operation. Third, need to seek globalization strategy of exhibition industry concretely to overcome realistic limit of domestic exhibition industry. Institutional improvement for long-term public information of exhibition and participation company's satisfaction raising and infra for gallery's management result should be established. Fourth, need excavation of various first-hand field marketing that can dig various interaction method with customers and invite new customers by booth exhibition. Fifth, need professional worker positivity, deflation that fulfill knowledge that is adapted, and precedes in environment worldwide exhibition industry training actively universal exhibition industry professional worker. Foreign exhibition is an one of marketing tactics that is generalized that can approach to oversea market in less expense relatively. To measure exactly fact and participation result of exhibition that select suitable exhibition in one's own company's marketing goal in company's standpoint that participate in exhibition according as exhibition number is increased and function of exhibition is diversified became difficult.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2013

School closings in rural area continue to occur due to drops in population in those areas. Many studies have been done in order to effectively utilize such closed schools. However, there is a lack of studies targeting operators of the closed facilities for revitalization. Therefore, the goal of this research is understanding the real operational status of and finding solutions for the closed schools after studying the current operational status of the closed schools by conducting surveys with their operators. The survey was performed with closed-school-operators in Chungcheongnam-Do as the target; and the analysis was conducted regarding the acquisition type of the closed schools (purchase, lease), building condition, repair and construction status, annual visitors, operational days, operational fees, seasonal ups and downs, operational profits, and satisfaction of local government support. The results showed that there were differences with visitors and operational days along acquisition types as well as low operational profits and seasonal ups and downs including dissatisfaction of local government support. In this study, institutional and political improvement measurements were suggested for the effective operation of the closed facilities based on the main results.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-52
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• 2017

Bio-fusion and medical device industry is the multidisciplinary engineering application technology industries, which are fused, such as electricity, electronics, machinery, materials. It aims to improve the quality of human life by using bio-fusion and medical devices, and is an important industry recognition and brand power for the product. However, there is a period that is required from the development of products with technology-dependent industries. Therefore, it is necessary to have continuous effort for industrial investment in research and development at the national level including technical support, institutional support, and human resources.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.44-58
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• 2017

Scholars have long debated the factors that drive political participation and have recently applied theories, developed from analyses of citizens from Europe and the United States, to respondents in the democratizing countries of Asia. In both Hong Kong and Singapore, however, citizens attend rallies and contact officials - yet do so under authoritarian governance. Are the causes of political participation in these cities similar to what is observed in other groups of respondents across Asia? Or, do institutions influence whether individuals participate? In this paper, I evaluate the development of liberal norms of engagement in both cities as a function of traditional models of participation. As citizens in these cities possess some of the highest standards of living in the region, they should also face frustrations with the limited democratic accountability of their leaders. Ultimately, individuals in each city have developed support for democracy but, given the differing goals of each regime, the nature of democratic engagement differs considerably. In Singapore, citizens are mobilized to engage and participate but support the status quo. By contrast, engaged Hong Kong residents participate out of a frustration with the government, a function of their high levels of internal efficacy and institutional detachment.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.182-195
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• 2017

Purpose: This study explores school nurses' emergency care experiences and their needs for systemic institutional support. Methods: Data were collected in 2016 from the interviews with five focus groups comprising thirty school nurses. Qualitative content analysis was then performed using the collected data. Results: The study found that school nurses were vulnerable to over-reaction in uncertain situations as the school's sole health service provider. The study's findings are divided into ten categories. 1) Major obstacles to overcome as the sole health service provider, 2) Assessing an uncertain situation and making appropriate decisions, 3) Providing limited first aid while maintaining control over the situation, 4) Referring or transferring a student to a hospital that creates tensions and raises cost, 5) Becoming an advocate for information disclosure and treatment, 6) Ensuring follow-up actions and proper transfer of responsibility, 7) Making preparations for future emergency, 8) Responding to conflicts arising from over-reaction as a safeguard and professional expertise, 9) Need for the development of standardized manual for school emergency care, 10) Need for practical case-based training. Conclusion: The findings of this study should contribute to the development of the programs aimed at improving school emergency care and the professional competence of school nurse.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

Communal places for parents to take child-care are very important in activating cooperative child-care(CCC). Therefore, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has been operating Cooperative-Childcare-Places(CCPs) since 2016. This study analyzed the operational status of the CCPs and presented the model type to provide data for the activation of CCC. Qualitative analyses were applied to the results of interviews with 10 staff members. The common task they considered difficult was recruitment, and there was a big difference in the operation of the regular program depending on the competence of the staff in charge. The lack of support systems, such as education and consulting, has made it difficult for the staff to do their work. Additionly, four models of CCPs were found, a resident self-governing type, a workplace type, an institutional type, and a rural complex type. In conclusion, CCP spaces should be planned and facilities created with a focus on the needs of child-care activities. Second, the role of staff in helping to organize the parents' self-governing committee is crucial. Third, it needs to establish a support system to strengthen the capacity of the staff members.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

Purpose - This study is intended to explore influential factors on the life satisfaction of physically challenged laborers preparing for support plans for their future. This is to enjoy a better life and have social opportunities and to review institutional support or plans for implementation to be applied for physically challenged people. Research design, data, and methodology - 4,161 disabled people participated in the Panel Survey of Employment of the Disabled. Among 2,124 physically challenged people, 957 wage workers (45%) were primarily extracted in this study, and a total of 581 (27%) with sufficient responses on the questionnaires were finally selected. Results - First, physical preparation for later life had a positive influence on retired life satisfaction among retirement satisfaction. People showed higher retired life satisfaction. Secondly, physical preparation for later life had a positive influence on satisfaction over relationship after retirement among retirement satisfaction. Conclusions - In this study, it was found that job satisfaction was the variable with the highest influential power on life satisfaction. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to proceed a research as to which factors influence life satisfaction in the medium of job satisfaction and also about plans to improve job satisfaction on experts or the disabled.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.45-63
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• 2021

This study considers the stages of curriculum development for the integrated curriculum of Pusan National University Graduate School & Hospital of Korean Medicine, and specifically the KAS2021 (announced in 2019), improvement measures for the curriculum of the College of Traditional Korean Medicine, and the case of the College of Medicine. The introduction of integrated curriculum in the College of Traditional Korean Medicine starts from the members (doers)' agreement. In the process of development, the organization that represents the members, the organization that sets up a goal and designs the curriculum, and the organization that executes them should fulfill their own roles. The stage of development and operation should have the support system for manpower, institution, administration, and finance. The curriculum (draft) should be concrete enough to be operated in reality. For the smooth operation of integrated education, it is necessary to secure more full-time teachers than before, and it is also necessary to have an organization fully in charge of monitoring and improving the operation. For the introduction and operation of integrated curriculum in Traditional Korean Medicine education, the members' agreement, institutional change, support system, and the cultivation of manpower for the operation/evaluation/development of curriculum should be considered.