• Title/Summary/Keyword: Installation resistance

Search Result 445, Processing Time 0.02 seconds

A Study on the Protection System on the Electric Railways (전철급전회로 보호시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Chang-Moo;Han, Moon-Seob;Oh, Kwang-Hae;Shin, Han-Soon;Kim, Jung-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 1998.07c
    • /
    • pp.1166-1169
    • /
    • 1998
  • The Load characteristic of electric railway requires the power demand of the high capacity which amplitude is spacial-temporally fluctuated due to frequent starting and stopping with large tractive force. The conventional electric railway mainly consists of the resistance controlled and the thyristor controlled locomotives, are compensated for their bad characteristics of the power factor$(70\sim80%)$ with installation of another capacitor improving power factor at the substation. Since 1994, VVVF train car with good characteristics of power factor(100%) have been introduced and operated in Kwa-Chon Line. From the present technical tendency, it is judged that introduction of the locomotive with various controlled methods is necessary. The protective equipments installed at the substation are complicated and various aspects to detect faults and reduce their extension, so the universal countermeasures are required. Specially in the case of the fault occurrence it is difficult to calculate the fault location because of the change in the contactline constant according to modifying the characteristics of the contactline (the dualized catenary wire and extension, etc), so much time is required for the detection of fault location. In BT-fed method distance-relays and fault-locators are not installed, we have so many difficulties in the quick accident recovery.

  • PDF

A Pilot Study of Inhole Type CPTu from Model Tests (실내모형실험을 통한 인홀형 탄성파콘 시험의 적용성 분석)

  • Jang, In-Sung;Jung, Min-Jae;Kwon, O-Soon;Mok, Young-Jin
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.28 no.2C
    • /
    • pp.95-103
    • /
    • 2008
  • Seismic piezocone penetration tests (SCPTu) can be used to obtain dynamic properties of soils as well as cone resistance and penetration pore pressure. However, the SCPTu system can be hardly utilized in marine soils because it is difficult to install the source apparatus which generates the shear wave in offshore site. The authors developed an inhole type piezocone penetration test (CPTu) equipment which both source and receiver composed of bender elements were installed inside the rod located behind the cone. Therefore, it can be applicable to even an offshore site without any additional source apparatus. The objective of this paper is to investigate the practical application of inhole type CPTu by performing laboratory model tests using kaolinite as soft clay. The shear wave velocities of kaolinite soil were measured with time, and the effects of soil disturbance due to the installation of source and receiver were also examined for various distance between source and receiver.

Assessment of cold-formed steel screwed beam-column conections: Experimental tests and numerical simulations

  • Merve Sagiroglu Maali;Mahyar Maali;Zhiyuan Fang;Krishanu Roy
    • Steel and Composite Structures
    • /
    • v.50 no.5
    • /
    • pp.515-529
    • /
    • 2024
  • Cold-formed steel (CFS) is a popular choice for construction due to its low cost, durability, sustainability, resistance to high environmental and seismic pressures, and ease of installation. The beam-column connections in residential and medium-rise structures are formed using self-drilling screws that connect two CFS channel sections and a gusset plate. In order to increase the moment capacity of these CFS screwed beam-column connections, stiffeners are often placed on the web area of each single channel. However, there is limited literature on studying the effects of stiffeners on the moment capacity of CFS screwed beam-column connections. Hence, this paper proposes a new test approach for determining the moment capacity of CFS screwed beam-column couplings. This study describes an experimental test programme consisting of eight novel experimental tests. The effect of stiffeners, beam thickness, and gusset plate thickness on the structural behaviour of CFS screwed beam-column connections is investigated. Besides, nonlinear elasto-plastic finite element (FE) models were developed and validated against experimental test data. It found that there was reasonable agreement in terms of moment capacity and failure mode prediction. From the experimental and numerical investigation, it found that the increase in gusset plate or beam thickness and the use of stiffeners have no significant effect on the structural behaviour, moment capacity, or rotational capacity of joints exhibiting the same collapse behaviour; however, the capacity or energy absorption capacities have increased in joints whose failure behaviour varies with increasing thickness or using stiffeners. Besides, the thickness change has little impact on the initial stiffness.

A Study on the Installation of Groyne using Critical Movement Velocity and Limiting Tractive Force (이동한계유속과 한계소류력을 활용한 수제 설치에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yeong Sik;Park, Shang Ho;An, Ik Tae;Choo, Yeon Moon
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
    • /
    • v.22 no.3
    • /
    • pp.194-199
    • /
    • 2020
  • Unlike in the past, the world is facing water shortages due to climate change and difficulties in simultaneously managing the risks of flooding. The Four Major Rivers project was carried out with the aim of realizing a powerful nation of water by managing water resources and fostering the water industry, and the construction period was relatively short compared to the unprecedented scale. Therefore, the prediction and analysis of how the river environment changes after the Four Major Rivers Project is insufficient. Currently, part of the construction section of the Four Major Rivers Project is caused by repeated erosion and sedimentation due to the effects of sandification caused by large dredging and flood-time reservoirs, and the head erosion of the tributaries occurs. In order to solve these problems, the riverbed maintenance work was installed, but it resulted in erosion of both sides of the river and the development of new approaches and techniques to keep the river bed stable, such as erosion and excessive sedimentation, is required. The water agent plays a role of securing a certain depth of water for the main stream by concentrating the flow so much in the center and preventing levee erosion by controlling the flow direction and flow velocity. In addition, Groyne products provide various ecological environments by forming a natural form of riverbeds by inducing local erosion and deposition in addition to the protection functions of the river bank and embankment. Therefore, after reviewing the method of determining the shape of the Groyne structure currently in use by utilizing the mobile limit flow rate and marginal reflux force, a new Critical Movement Velocity(${\bar{U}}_d$) and a new resistance coefficient formula considering the mathematical factors applicable to the actual domestic stream were developed and the measures applicable to Groyne installation were proposed.

A Study on Design of Earth-Retaining Structure Constructed by a Row of Bored Piles (주열식(柱列式) 흙막이벽(壁)의 설계(設計)에 관한 연구(研究))

  • Hong, Won Pyo
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.11-18
    • /
    • 1985
  • A row of bored piles has been used in several excavation works to retain the earth. This excavation bracing system has much effect on low-vibration and low-noise during construction. The system is also effective to provide protection to the adjacent existing ground and structures. For the purpose of establishment of a logical design method for the bored piles, first, a theoretical equation to estimate the resistance of piles is derived. Because arching action of soils between piles is considered in the equation, the characteristics of soils and the installation condition of piles would be considered logically from the beginning. Then a method is investigated to decide the interval ratio of piles. According to the method, the interval between piles can be decided from the information of the Peck's stability number, the coefficient of lateral earth pressure and the internal friction angle of soil. Finally, a design method is presented for the bored piles used for excavation work. In the presented design method, such factors as depth of excavation, pile diameter, interval between piles, pile length below bottom of excavation and pile stiffness, can be selected systematically.

  • PDF

A fundamental study on the jet fan capacity for smoke control considering thermal buoyancy force in tunnel fires (터널 화재 시 열부력을 고려한 제연용 제트팬 용량산정에 관한 기초 연구)

  • Lee, Ho-Hyung;Choi, Pan-Gyu;Jo, Jong-Bok;Lee, Seung-Chul;Lee, Chang-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
    • /
    • v.20 no.2
    • /
    • pp.501-511
    • /
    • 2018
  • As a result of the recent revision of the 'Guideline for Installation and Management of Fire Prevention Facility in Road Tunnels', the thermal buoyancy has to be taken into account when calculating the capacity of jet fans for smoke control in tunnel fires. However, there is no detailed methodologies for considering thermal buoyancy, so further study is needed. In this study, the thermal buoyancy in the tunnel is calculated by 3-D numerical simulation to consider the thermal buoyancy in case of fire in tunnels, and the relationship between heat buoyancy and vehicle drag, And the method of calculating the capacity of the jet fan for smoke control in tunnels. According to the analysis results, heat buoyancy acts as a resistance force in the case of a down-slope tunnel, and the pressure rise of jet fan for smoke control is not simply determined by the value of heat buoyancy at the entrance of the tunnel and the value of the vehicle drag at the exit. And it is analyzed that it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive review according to the location of the fire vehicle in tunnels.

Principles of Simulated Moving Bed Reactor(SMBR) (Simulated Moving Bed Reactor(SMBR)의 원리)

  • Song, Jae-Ryong;Kim, Jin-Il;Koo, Yoon-Mo
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.49 no.2
    • /
    • pp.129-136
    • /
    • 2011
  • Simulated Moving Bed(SMB) process consists of multiple chromatographic columns, which are usually partitioned into four zones. Such a process characteristic allows a continuous binary separations those are impracticable in conventional batch chromatographic processes. Compared with batch chromatography, SMB has advantages of continuity, high purity and productivity. Various researches have been reported for the integration of reaction and recovery during process operation on the purpose of economics and effectiveness. Simulated Moving Bed Reactor(SMBR) is introduced to combine SMB as a continuous separation process and reactor. Several cases of SMBR have been reported for diverse reactions with catalytic, enzymatic and chemical reaction on ion exchange resin as main streams. With an early type of fixed bed using catalyst, SMBR has been developed as SMB using fluidized enzyme, SMB with immobilized enzyme and SMB with discrete reaction region. For simple modeling and optimization of SMBR, a method considering convection only is possible. A complex method considering axial dispersion and mass transfer resistance is needed to explain the real behavior of solutes in SMBR. By combining reaction and separation, SMBR has benefits of lower installation cost by minimizing equipment use, higher purity and yield by avoiding the equilibrium restriction in case of reversible reaction.

Tele-metering

  • Hearte, L.O.
    • 전기의세계
    • /
    • v.2
    • /
    • pp.6-14
    • /
    • 1949
  • Telemetering may be described as the art of metering at a considerable distance those quantities which are ordinarily encountered in industry, and in the generation of electric power. It is in the production of electric power that telemetering is particularly important, for it permits the system operator, or load dispatcher, to have before him at all times a continuous graphic record of the power output of each individual generating station together with an automatically made continuous graphic record of the total system output. There desired individual graphic records may be obtained showing power flow in or out, on important tie lines, etc. Such arrangements have the very great advantage that loads may be assigned to each generating station so that the best over-all system economy may be obtained and the system operator at all times may see with his own eyes that loads scheduled are actually held at the various stations. Moreover, with such equipment, in the event of system or station trouble the load dispatcher can see exactly what station, or stations, are affected and to what extent, without having to get in touch with anyone by telephone. Decisions can, therefore, be quickly reached for rescheduling the load. One of the most accurate and reliable telemetering systems is based on the use of potentiometric circuits, the fundamentals of which are discussed below. A member of such telemetering systems have been installed for the Boston Edicon Co., Boston, Massachusetts, the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York City. The Public Service Gas & Electric Co. of Newark, new Jersey. The Philadelphia Electric Co. for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Co. for their electrified zone between New York and Washington a distance of over 200 miles. The scale of the totalizing recorder for the New York area is 3,000,00 KW. That of the totalizing recorder for the Philadelphia area is 2,000,000 KW. The initial installation using this type of equipment described was placed in service for the Philadelphia Electric Co. in 1923. All of the original recording instruments are still in service, later instruments have been added to take care of additions to the power system and naturally these later recorders have incorporated in those refinements in design made since the earlier ones were manufactured. Many other installations of similar equipment have been made in the United States in various locations such as at St. Louis, on the West Coast, at Baltimore and in Washington, D.C. While the use of these basic potentiometric circuits involves the use of continuous metallic circuits of good insulation resistance and free of grounds, nevertheless, intermediate transmission links, involving and impulse method suitable for use on telephone Morse carrier channels is available. This same method may be employed on power line carrier systems and is also suitable for use on beam type microwave transmission. Many impulse type units are also used as a link in these potantiometric methods. For the sake of brevity a description is given only of these basic potentiometric circuits. If there is sufficient interest in Korea, a further paper can be given covering those impulse circuits also.

  • PDF

Analysis of Monitored Insulation Data Using Standard Deviation of Leakage Current Data in High-Power Cables at a Thermoelectric Power Station (화력발전소 고전력 케이블의 누설 전류 측정 데이터의 표준 편차값을 사용한 절연감시 데이터 분석)

  • Kim, Bo-Kyeong;Um, Kee-Hong
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.245-250
    • /
    • 2017
  • From the instant of installation and operation, power cables start deteriorating. Cable systems can be maintained not only by monitoring the insulation status of the insulation layer and oversheath, but also the insulation status of the terminal and junction in high-voltage power cables. When the cable system (the cable itself and cable junctions combined) deteriorates, fire accidents happen due to dielectric breakdowns. We have invented a device to monitor the deteriorating status of cables, and installed it at Korea Western Power Co. Ltd. located in Taean, Chungcheongnam-do Province. In this paper, we present the results obtained using our device, through analysing and calculating the standard deviation of leakage current from cable insulators attached to the cables. When the standard deviation of analysed leakage current falls below a critical value, a cable system is deemed to be operating safely. But when the standard deviation of analysed leakage current is larger than the critical value, the insulation status of the terminal and junction in the cable system is considered to have seriously deteriorated. The terminal and junction in the relevant system should then be replaced preemptively in order to prevent blackout accidents of cables caused by the suspension of power supply.

Anchorage mechanism of inflatable steel pipe rockbolt depending on rock stiffness (팽창형 강관 록볼트의 암반 강성에 따른 정착 거동 특성)

  • Kim, Kyeong-Cheol;Kim, Ho-Jong;Jung, Young-Hoon;Shin, Jong-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
    • /
    • v.19 no.2
    • /
    • pp.249-263
    • /
    • 2017
  • The expansion behavior of inflatable steel pipe rockbolt shows geometric nonlinearity due to its ${\Omega}-shaped$ section. Previous studies on the anchoring behavior of inflatable steel pipe rockbolt were mainly performed using theoretical method. However, those studies oversimplified the actual behavior by assuming isotropic expansion of inflatable steel pipe rockbolt. In this study, the anchoring behavior of the inflatable steel pipe rockbolt were investigated by the numerical method considering the irregularity of pipe expansion and other influencing factors. The expansion of inflatable steel pipe rockbolt, the contact stress distribution and the change of the average contact stress and the contact area during installation were analyzed. The contact stresses were developed differently depending on the constitutive behavior of rocks. Small contact stresses occurred in steel pipes installed in elasto-plastic rock compared to steel pipes installed in elastic rock. Also, the anchoring behaviors of the inflatable steel pipe rockbolt were different according to the stiffness of the rock. The steel pipe was completely unfolded in the case of the stiffness smaller than 0.5 GPa, but it was not fully unfolded in the case of the stiffness larger than 0.5 GPa for the given analysis condition. When the steel pipe is completely unfolded, the contact stress increases as the rock stiffness increases. However, the contact stress decreases as the rock stiffness increases when the steel pipe is not fully expanded.