• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest suitable lighting facility installation plans by finding out driver's preference for combination of lighting facility installation among landscape factors that affect driver visibility in tunnels. METHODS : SD method is used to extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference, Components of tunnel lighting facility installation are evaluated through conjoint analysis and it suggested relative importance of attributes and utility values. RESULTS : In the aspects of satisfaction levels of components of tunnel lighting facility installation, Tunnel side, two lows, and solid line arrangement type has the highest level of satisfaction. Extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference are "safety", "openness" and "amenity." In addition, the result of analyzing relative importance of attributes of tunnel lighting facility shows that numbers of lighting array has the highest importance and lighting facility arrangement has the lowest importance. Result of analyzing partial utility shows that the 2 low type among number of lows, the solid line arrangement type between arrangement types, placing in the middle part among lighting facility arrangement were highly preferred. CONCLUSIONS : In the case of lighting numbers, utility values of the first line and the second line showed us a big difference. Increasing the number arrays in the future reformation of lighting facility installation combination will be effective in enhancing the utility of the driver.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.313-327
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• 2018

Meeting the touchdown point (TDP) target box is one of the challenges during catenary riser installation, especially for deep water or ultra-deep water riser systems. TDP location mismatch compared to the design can result in variation of riser configuration, additional hang-off misalignment, and extra bending loads going into the hang-off porch. A good understanding of the key installation parameters can help to minimize this mismatch, and ensure that the riser global response meets the design criteria. This paper focuses on investigating the potential factors that may affect the touchdown point location, and addressing the challenges both in the design stage and during installation campaign. Conventionally, the vessel offset and current are the most critical factors which may affect the TDP movement during installation. With the offshore exploration going deeper and deeper in the sea (up to 10,000ft), other sources such as the seabed slope and seabed soil stiffness are playing an important role as well. The impacts of potential sources are quantified through case studies for steel catenary riser (SCR) and lazy wave steel catenary riser (LWSCR) in deep water application. Investigations through both theoretical study and numerical validation are carried out. Furthermore, design recommendations are provided during execution phase for the TDP mismatch condition to ensure the integrity of the riser system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.166-167
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• 2016

Unlike the past, supported by the development of digital technologies, free-form buildings are frequently designed with creative thoughts of architectural designers. However, there are some difficulties preventing successfully completion of projects, like reduced productivity and increased construction duration and cost upon the process of producing and installing concrete panels for free-form structures. In particular, there are active studies on the CNC machine for production of free-form concrete panels. Yet, it is difficult to effectively and easily come up with information on production and installation of free-form, curve-surfaced panels which are difficult to be mathematically defined. This requires a lot of manpower and time to implement the curved surfaces of free-form buildings as intended by architects. Accordingly, it needs a model that can effectively create production-installation data of free-form concrete panels for successful free-form building projects. Thus, the purpose of the study is to suggest data estimation model of production-installation using mathematical algorithm in free-form concrete panels. The study results will realize effective production and installation of free-form concrete members, allowing improved productivity of projects, reduced cost and shortened construction duration.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

The factors affecting the long-term design strength of geogrids can be classified into factors on creep deformation, installation damage, temperature, chemical degradation, biological degradation. Especially, creep deformation and installation damage are considered as main factors to determine the long-term design strength of geogrids. This paper describes the results of a series of experimental investigation, which were conducted to assess the installation damage according to different fill materials and creep characteristic of various geogrids. The results of this study show that the installation damage and creep deformation of geogrids significantly depends on a row material and a manufacturing process of geogrids.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.482-500
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• 2011

In apartment housing construction, window frame installation work, which is conducted after the structural framework, is very important, because its completion time directly affects the starting time of successive interior finishing works, as well as the overall construction period. Construction delays in interior finishing works might occur due to problems inherent to the conventional window frame installation method, such as the poor verticality of window frames, and the water leakage around them. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the problems of a 'Gangform integrated PVC window frame pre-installation method' based on its pilot test results. Next, this study proposes an improved conceptual model that enables the end users to enhance the field applicability of this method in terms of productivity, time, and cost. The field applicability of the proposed 'Gangform integrated PVC window frame pre-installation method' was also verified through a survey.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.35-49
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• 2020

The lateral bearing capacity of the micropile depends on the installed conditions such as number, installation angle and spacing of the pile. Existing research on micropile has been limited to the evaluation of vertical bearing characteristics and suggestion of effective installation methods, and there are few studies on failure mechanisms such as failure mode. And most of the studies on the lateral bearing capacity of micropile are also on the 1-row micropile. Therefore, in this study, a model test was performed to evaluate the behavior and lateral bearing characteristics of a 2-row micropile when the installed conditions such as the installation length, angle, and spacing of the pile were different. As a result of the model test, when the installation angle is θ > 0° (Not cross installation), the lateral bearing capacity of 2-row micropile depends on the spacing of the piles, and the installation angle θ = +30° was the most effective for increasing the bearing capacity. In addition, when the installation angle is θ < 0° (Overlap installation), it depends on the spacing and angle of the pile, and the condition of installation angle θ = -15° was found to be the most effective for increasing the bearing capacity.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.154-159
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• 2005

The most common conception of a work of art is as a unique object. In conservation the prevalent notion of authenticity is based on physical integrity, this guides judgements about loss. For the majority of traditional art objects, minimising change to the physical work means minimising loss, where loss is understood as compromising the (physical) integrity of a unique object, and this forms the focus of conservation. Fundamental to conservators' approach to the conservation of contemporary art is the notion that the artist's intent should guide conservators' practice. Since most of the artists creating installation art are living, it is possible to interview them about the details of the installation, attitudes to changing technology, parameters of acceptable change and their views about what aspects of the installation are essential to preserve. Conservation is no longer focused on intervening to repair the art object but has become concerned with documentation and determining what change is acceptable and managing those changes. In order to accurately install works in the future it is necessary to broaden our focus to include elements of an installation that affect the viewer's experience. This might mean documenting the space, the acoustics, the balance of the different channels of sound, the light levels and the way one enters and leaves the installation. These are as important as the more tangible or material elements in the conservation of the work. It is also necessary to work with industry and specialists outside the field of conservation to develop new skills to preserve and manage new types of objects in our care. We can also document the less tangible details of an installation such as the light levels, the character of the sound etc. This is a new area of conservation and as a profession our understanding and knowledge will deepen with time. All of these strategies work together to help to limit the risk of not being able to accurately install these works in the future. Deciding what can be changed and how to best care for any element of an installation will depend on its meaning and role. For both contemporary and traditional objects such decisions are documented by conservators and although the focus of the conservator may have moved away from the material object, the approach is still rooted in traditional notions of collection care.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.10-17
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• 1997

The lastest art is being characterised by an ever active exchange between different genre. This is a study on the installation aspect in deconstruction architectured and interior design. The progressive and aggressive nature of installatation art embodies uncatagorized genre, the freedom of material application, introduction of the notion of time in space, the reversion of subject and object, the union of art and every experience, understanding of object through deconstruction, enlargement of concept of space, collage-style composition and layer technique. I can conclude that the installation aspect in Tshumi's Parc de la Villette is its call upon the audience to actively participate, the introduction of a coincidental conjunction, its challenge on the conventional idea of park and its flexibility caused by human activity and time. In Hadid's Hong Kong Peak Club the installation aspect is the application of layer technique using four enormous beams horizontally laid out on a man-made moutain. Furthermore, Libeskind's pursuit of the mental in Berlin Museum Extension through the penetration of an invisible line into a void creates a new interpretation of the role of a museum and thus relates itself to installation art. The installation aspect in Himmelblau's Vienna Roof Renovation is the literal deconstruction of the roof of an old building in the old section of Wien and the expression of time and space through the interrelationship between interior and exterior environment by the use of juxtaposition technique. Finally, I note that the installation aspect in Gehry's Santa Monica Residence is the reorganization of cheap material as a form of 'object', that creates spon-taneity, movement as well as flow of time in space and ex-hibit the double-sidedness of the visible world.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The objective of this study was to analyze variations in the vehicle driving behavior characteristics on signalized intersections according to the use of traffic enforcement camera (red light camera). METHODS : In order to analyze the driving behavior characteristics on signalized intersections when red light camera are installed, the target sites for investigation were selected depending on whether the red light camera is installed and accident rates increased after the installation. In particular, to analyze the characteristics of dilemma zones in signalized intersections, approach speed and deceleration speed of 3 type vehicles (passing vehicles during a yellow light, stopping at a yellow light, passing vehicles during a green light) were examined. Based on these data, the starting point, ending point, and distance of the dilemma zones were calculated. Also, the locations of increased traffic accidents and decreased accidents after the installation of the equipment were distinguished when analyzing the traffic accident characteristics. RESULTS : Analysis results revealed that there was a tendency for the dilemma zone distance to decrease after the installation of equipment(red light camera) in most sites. This tendency was found to be due to the decrease in the approaching speed of vehicles at intersections after the installation of equipment, resulting in the starting and ending points of dilemma zone to become closer to the stop line. Moreover, analysis showed that the number of traffic accidents decreased for most intersections after the installation of equipment and safety of the intersections increased somewhat. CONCLUSIONS : In general, installation of equipment(red light camera) caused the intersections approaching speed and dilemma zone distance to decrease. Decision-making is difficult for drivers in the dilemma zone, so the decrease in the dilemma zone distance implies an improvement in traffic safety. Furthermore, the number of accidents within intersections significantly decreased after the equipment was installed, leading to the conclusion that installation of the equipment affected the decrease in traffic accidents.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2008

Defects of corrugated board were limiting factors to the corrugated industry's growth. On-line detecting systems of defects are beneficial to increase profits of the corrugated board companies by reducing base paper consumption, increasing process reliability, and increasing productivity. By replacing naked eye inspection of defects to a defects detecting system, continuous inspection without fatigue may guarantee final products quality. The system was developed, which was consisted of line scan CCD camera, lens, illuminating parts, high speed image processor, software, various input parts, and output parts. First installation location of the system was at before fluting process after base paper unwinding, and surface of liner board was inspected by the system. Second installation location was after fluting process and combining process for liner board. Production loss includes ragged appearance of edge, irregular flute shape, wrong combination of flute, score cracking, defects in base paper, and flute cracking. The production loss was analyzed before and after the system installation at a commercial domestic mill. The production loss ratio was defined as a production loss weight per total production weight. The production loss ratio before the installation was decreased a lot from 1.28%(during 3 months before installation) to 0.76%(during 12 months after the first installation) and to 0.25%(during 6 months after the second installation).