• Title/Summary/Keyword: Insoluble phosphate

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Development of the Microbial Consortium for the Environmental Friendly Agriculture by the Antagonistic Rhizobacteria (다기능 PGPR 균주들의 기작별 상호보완형 컨소시엄 구성을 통한 고추역병 방제 및 고추생장촉진)

  • Lim, Jong-Hui;Jung, Hee-Young;Kim, Sang-Dal
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.116-120
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    • 2009
  • We found out the new method of the consortium for the environmental friendly agriculture by 8 kinds of the selected antagonistic rhizobacteria. This research involved composition of mutual complementary consortium by each antagonistic function such as production of antibiotic, siderophore, antifungal cellulase and insoluble phosphate solubilization. The consortium No.11 among composed consortium candidates showed the most pepper growth promoting activity and Phytophthora blight suppression on the in vivo pot test of red-pepper plant. The consortium No. 11 is combination of PGPR Bacillus subtilis AH18 and Bacillus licheniformis K11. B. subtilis AH18 and B. licheniformis K11 both could produce the auxin, antifungal ${\beta}$-glucannase and siderophore. Also, they had mechanism for solubilization of insoluble phosphate. But, B. licheniformis K11 could produce the antibiotic of iturin which was able to inhibit Phytophthora capsici. We confirmed complementary noncompetitive mutualism between B. subtilis AH18 and B. licheniformis K11 of the consortium No.11. The results came out through treatment of two strains co-culture, treatment of individual culture and co-treatment of two individual cultures for the growth and Phytophthora blight suppression of red-pepper. The treatment of two strains co-culture didn't show a synergic effect in comparing sole treatment on the pepper growth promotion and Phytophthora blight suppression. But, when the pots were treated simultaneously with co-treatment of two individual cultures, an synergic effect was seen in the growth promotion of roots, stem, leaves and suppressed Phytophthora blight on red-pepper in vivo pot test.

Isolation and Characteristics of Bacteria Showing Biocontrol and Biofertilizing Activities (생물방제 및 생물비료 활성을 가지는 세균의 분리 및 특성)

  • Jung, Ho-Il;Kim, Keun-Ki;Park, Hyean-Cheal;Lee, Sang-Mong;Kim, Yong-Gyun;Kim, Hong-Sung;Lee, Cnung-Yeol;Son, Hong-Joo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.12
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    • pp.1682-1688
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    • 2007
  • To develop multifunctional microbial inoculant, microorganisms with antagonistic activity and biofertilizing activity were screened. Pantoea agglomerans and Bacillus megaterium from our laboratory culture collection, and strain MF12 from soil near poultry farm in Miryang were selected. On the basis of morphological, physiological studies and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, isolate MF12 was identified as the Bacillus pumilis. Three strains were studied for insoluble phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, ammonification ability, hydrolytic enzyme production and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. P. agglomerans did not produce any visible clear zone on agar plate containing 0.5% $Ca_3(PO_4){_2}$ as a sole phosphorus source. However, this strain could solubilize insoluble phosphate in liquid medium. All strains produced IAA ranged from $3{\sim}639{\mu}g/ml$ depending on culture time and had ammonification ability. Among three strains, only P. agglomerans produced siderophore. P. agglomerans produced pectinase and lipase, B. megaterium produced amylase, protease and lipase while B. pumilis produced protease and lipase. P. agglomerans showed antifungal activities against phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. B. pumilis showed antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phythium ultimum.

Assesment on the Inoculation Effects of Phosphate-solubilizing Microorganisms by Soil Microbial Biomass (토양미생물(土壤微生物) Biomass에 의한 인산염(燐酸鹽) 가용화균(可溶化菌) 접종효과(接種效果)의 평가(評價))

  • Suh, Jang-Sun;Kim, Kwang-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 1996
  • Several phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were isolated in order to enhance the availability of insoluble phosphates accumulated in soils. Among the microorganisms, Aspergillus niger was selected and identified for this study. The phosphate-solubilizing activity. the phosphorus uptake by plants and the changes in soil microbial biomass by inoculation of Aspergillus niger were investigated. The uptake amounts of phosphorus by lettuce and pimiento were increased by inoculation of Aspergillus niger in all experimental treatments. There was negative correlation between the soil microbial biomass P and the soil phosphorus content. However the soil available phosphorus ($Y=-0.0007X^2+0.7126X^2-29.46$, $R=0.8283^{**}$) and the phosphorus absorption of plants ($Y=0.0049X^2-2.2352X+326.34$, $R=0.6350^*$) were significantly correlated to soil microbial biomass C on the positive section of quadric curve.

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Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Using Struvite Crystallization (Struvite 결정화에 의한 질소 및 인의 제거)

  • Weon, Seung-Yeon;Park, Seung-Kook;Lee, Sang-Ill
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.599-607
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    • 2000
  • In this research, ${NH_4}^+-N$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}-P$ in wastewater were removed by crystallization. Nitrogen and phosphate have been regarded as key nutrients in the eutrophication of rivers and lakes. Struvite, $MgNH_4PO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$, is insoluble in alkaline solutions. Fertilizer industry wastewater contains organic and nitrogen concentration of 330 mg/L and 550 mg/L, respectively. Nitrogen in this wastewater cannot be treated by conventional biological treatment without physicochemical pretreatment, because nitrogen concentration is relatively high compared to organic concentration. Magnesium ions used in this study were from bittern and commercial magnesium salts of $MgCl_2$ and $Mg(OH)_2$. Bittern obtained as a by-product of seasalt manufacture contains $8,000mg\;Ca^{2+}/L$ and $32,000mg\;Mg^{2+}/L$. Optimum initial pH was 10.5~11.0 and the reaction was complete or done in 2 min. Nitrogen removal efficiency using bittern, $MgCl_2 $ and $Mg(OH)_2$ (as source of $Mg^{2+}$) was 71 %, 81% and 83%. respectively. Phosphate removal efficiency was 99%, 98% and 93%, respectively. Therefore, bittern, $MgCl_2$ and $Mg(OH)_2$ can be efficiently used as $Mg^{2+}$ source for crystallization of nitrogen and phosphate. However, bittern is economically favorable $Mg^{2+}$ source for removing nitrogen and phosphate in wastewater.

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Expression of pqq Genes from Serratia marcescens W1 in Escherichia coli Inhibits the Growth of Phytopathogenic Fungi

  • Kim, Yong-Hwan;Kim, Chul-Hong;Han, Song-Hee;Kang, Beom-Ryong;Cho, Song-Mi;Lee, Myung-Chul;Kim, Young-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.323-328
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    • 2006
  • Serratia marcescens W1, isolated from cucumber-cultivated soil in Suwon, Korea, evidenced profound antifungal activity and produced the extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, chitinase and protease. In order to isolate the antifungal genes from S. marcescens W1, a cosmid genomic library was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Transformants exhibiting chitinase and protease expression were selected, as well as those transformants evidencing antifungal effects against the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, and the cucumber leaf spot fungus, Cercospora citrullina. Cosmid clones expressing chitinase or protease exerted no inhibitory effects against the growth of fungal pathogens. However, two cosmid clones evidencing profound antifungal activities were selected for further characterization. An 8.2 kb HindIII fragment from these clones conditioned the expression of antagonistic activity, and harbored seven predicted complete open reading frames(ORFs) and two incomplete ORFs. The deduced amino acid sequences indicated that six ORFs were highly homologous with genes from S. marcescens generating pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ). Only subclones harboring the full set of pqq genes were shown to solubilize insoluble phosphate and inhibit fungal pathogen growth. The results of this study indicate that the functional expression of the pqq genes of S. marcescens W1 in E. coli may be involved in antifungal activity, via as-yet unknown mechanisms.

Differential induction of allergy responses by low molecular weight wheat proteins from six wheat cultivars

  • Cho, Miju;Lee, Hyeri;Hwang, Min Hee;Cheong, Young-Keun;Kang, Chon-Sik;Lee, Nam Taek;Chung, Namhyun
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.55-59
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    • 2017
  • Although wheat is a common staple food in the world, some people suffer from a variety of wheat allergies. For example, wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis is induced in the gastrointestinal tract by wheat proteins. Relatively high molecular weight proteins that are salt-insoluble induce many wheat allergies. In the present study, we investigated the induction of an allergy response using crude wheat proteins, which are relatively low molecular weight, salt-soluble proteins. The crude antigen used in this study was extracted using phosphate buffered saline. When the antigen extracts from various wheat cultivars were orally administered, differentiable degrees of allergy responses were observed as measured by serum IgE and histamine secretion compared to the control. Serum IgE levels increased following administration of three of the wheat extracts. This evidence suggests that a combination of salt-soluble wheat proteins could be antigens for the induction of various allergy responses.

Sustained Release of Ibuprofen from Sodium Alginate Beads (알긴산나트륨을 이용한 이부프로펜의 용출지연)

  • Kwon, Sang-Keun;Seo, Seong-Hoon
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 1995
  • Alginic acid is a hydrophilic , colloidal polysaccharide obtained from cell wall of seaweed or brown algae and has a broad range of applications. Alginlc acid becomes alginate gel bead due to its cation-induced gelation. Dried alginate beads can be reswollen according to environmental pH. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible applicability of alginate beads as an oral controlled release system of ibuprofen. In this experiment ibuprofen was incorporated in alginate beads and alginate beads were treated with various methods. Ibuprofen release from alginate beads in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was laster than in distilled water and dilute HCl. The release of ibuprofen was more sustained in bead than simple mixture and coprecipitate of ibuprofen and sodium alginate. The dissolution rate of ibuprofen was decreased in using of bead that hardened with formaldehyde. The dissolution rate of the drug from the bead was the fastest in 12 hour dried beads, 1.5%-sodium alginate concentration and 1%-calcium chloride concentration. Sodium alginate bead can be used as a sustaind release drug delivery system of water-insoluble drugs.

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Influences of Aeration Rate and Manure Temperature on Phosphorus Transformation in Swine Liquid Manure Bioreactor (액상 돈분 발효조에서 폭기량과 돈분온도가 인의 형태 변환에 미치는 영향)

  • Park K. J.;Hong J. H.;Kim J. Y.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.29 no.6 s.107
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    • pp.508-514
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted to investigate the influences of aeration rates and temperatures on phosphorus transformation in the manure during treatment of swine manure in 15.3L batch reactor. The total phosphorus of raw manure was composed of $91.5\%$ of inorganic phosphorus and $8.5\%$ of organic phosphorus. During the experiment, inorganic phosphorus decreased from $91.5\%\;(385.7\;mg/L)\;to\;25.8-42.7\%\;(108.8-179.8\;mg/L)$ while organic phosphorus increased from $8.5\%\;(35.6\;mg/L)\;to\;57.3-74.2\%\;(241.5-312.5\;mg/L)$. The organic phosphorus was increased by the possible transformation of soluble inorganic phosphorus to poly-phosphate by the microbial uptake. However, soluble inorganic phosphorus was not decreased much during the experiment because the insoluble inorganic phosphorus was transferred to soluble inorganic phosphorus offsetting the microbial uptake. There was no significant difference in soluble inorganic proportion variance during the experiment among treatments for three liquid temperatures and three aeration levels. In terms of phosphorus transformation in the manure and energy consumption required for aeration, lower aeration was desirable fur the manure treatment.

Studies on the Calcium Phosphopeptide in Milk Casein (우유 Casein 중의 Calcium Phosphopeptide에 관한 연구)

  • 이수원;황보식;양희진;남명수;유제현;정충일
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.55-58
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    • 2002
  • The economical producing method of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) and the physicochemical properties related to the solubilization of calcium were studied. Firstly, The compositions of the purified CPP-III were 13.1% of nitrogen, 2.3∼2.4% of phosphate and the ratio of N/P was 5.4∼5.6. In consideration of economic aspects, the preparation method of the CPP- I and II which were lower purity than the CPP-III was established. The physico-chemical property of the CPP was compared with the enzymically dephosphorylated CPP. CPP and polyglutamate effectively inhibited the formation of insoluble calcium phosphates at physiological pH.

Antagonistic Evaluation of Chromobacterium sp. JH7 for Biological Control of Ginseng Root Rot Caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans

  • Han, Joon-Hee;Park, Gi-Chang;Kim, Kyoung Su
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.370-378
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    • 2017
  • Cylindrocarpon destructans is an ascomycete soil-borne pathogen that causes ginseng root rot. To identify effective biocontrol agents, we isolated several bacteria from ginseng cultivation soil and evaluated their antifungal activity. Among the isolated bacteria, one isolate (named JH7) was selected for its high antibiotic activity and was further examined for antagonism against fungal pathogens. Strain JH7 was identified as a Chromobacterium sp. using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. This strain was shown to produce antimicrobial molecules, including chitinases and proteases, but not cellulases. Additionally, the ability of JH7 to produce siderophore and solubilize insoluble phosphate supports its antagonistic and beneficial traits for plant growth. The JH7 strain suppressed the conidiation, conidial germination, and chlamydospore formation of C. destructans. Furthermore, the JH7 strain inhibited other plant pathogenic fungi. Thus, it provides a basis for developing a biocontrol agent for ginseng cultivation.