• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.615-623
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• 2020

Brassica rapa is one of the most valuable vegetable crops worldwide. Cultivated varieties of B. rapa exhibit diverse developmental and morphological appearances, which includes important vegetables, oilseeds, and fodder crops. In this study, various phenotypes of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of B. rapa were investigated, including their responses to five different pathogenic Botrytis cinerea isolates, responses to aphid and thrips during flowering stages, days to flowering, and plant heights. Responses of 113 RILs to five different B. cinerea isolates showed variations, suggesting that genetic factors controlling resistance or tolerance against each isolate were dependent on isolate/genotype pairs. Correlation analysis was performed to understand the nature of genetic factors and the relationship among these phenotypes. Although high levels of correlation were not detected between phenotypes assessed in this study, statistically significant correlation was detected for several combinations. Significant positive correlations were found for different B. cinerea isolates, supporting that certain levels of commonality could exist in genetic components controlling resistance against different B. cinerea isolates. Based on correlation analysis using numbers of insects counted on plants, it was speculated that genetic factors responsible for aphid tolerance or repellence might be also involved in the response against thrips. Relationship between vegetative growth and tolerance against B. cinereal or insects is rather more complicated. However, it was observed that shorter plants appeared to have a certain level of tolerance or repellence against both aphids and thrips. Data presented in this study could be used to assist further genetic studies and breeding efforts to obtain Botritis and insect resistance for B. rapa.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2002

Ecosystem health assessment is an emerging concept regarded as a useful diagnostic tool for evaluating ecosystems. The stability of ecosystem is the main theme in the assessment. Generally, two components - resilience and resistance - are involved in the mechanism of ecosystem stability. In this study, relative degrees of the resistance and the resilience were quantified for most aquatic Insects Inhabiting running waters in Korea. A total of 34 groups were newly categorized based on previous studies, and a conceptual model has been produced. The model was applied for the aquatic insect communities inhabiting different streams and demonstrated that each stream ecosystem possessed different degrees of stability. This study also indicated that it was possible to compare stabilities of different ecosystems using relative degrees of resilience and resistance. Using the conceptual model, suitable conservation and management strategies could be recommended in ecological assessments. The model can be used as a stepping-stone for developing more comprehensive methodology that objectively diagnoses and evaluates the ecosystem stability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.234-246
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• 2013

목조주택의 골조 및 실내 외 마감용으로 사용되는 침엽수 구조재를 대상으로 방염 방충 보존처리제가 혼합된 약제에 마이크로파 가열 후 열기를 지닌체 침지하여 복합적인 기능화를 부여한 후 목재의 건조 스케줄, 방염 시험에 의한 화재 저항성과 흰개미에 의한 내충해성, 혼합 약제의 침투성 분석을 실시한 결과 마이크로파로 3 kW로 5분 급속 가열된 시험편은 목표 온도 및 함수율을 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 인산염과 헤테로고리화합물계가 혼합된 약제에 120분 침지할 경우 가장 높은 중량 증가율을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 방염 후 처리 물품 시험을 실시한 결과 인산염과 혼합된 약제는 방염기준을 모두 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 흰개미 투입 후 7일 사충율을 확인한 결과 인산염과 헤테로고리화합물계 혼합 약제 침투 시험편의 경우 96% 이상 높은 사충율을 나타냄으로서 가장 우수한 특성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 목재 내부로 약제 침투성 분석을 실시한 결과 목재 세포내부 전면에 있어 혼합약제가 침투된 것으로 나타나 목재의 방염성 및 방충 저항성 등에서 우수한 성능의 발현은 혼합 약제의 균일한 침투때문으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 1974

애멸구에 대한 통일벼의 저항성기작을 조사하기 위해 저항성 대조품종 ASD-7과 Vellailangalayan, 감수성 대조품종 진흥을 공시하여 식이선호성(Feeding preference), 저충성(Antibiosis), 및 이충성(Tolerance)을 검토하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 통일벼는 애멸구에 대하여 저항성반응을 보이나 저항성 대조품종 ASD-7과 Vellailangalayan에 비하여 식이선호성이 현저히 높았고 감수성 대조품종 진흥에 비해서는 좀 낮은 식이선호성을 보였다. 2. 통일벼는 ASD-7과 Vellailangalayan에 비하여 높은 애멸구의 우화율과 낮은 유충의 사충율을 보였다. 통일벼, 유묘에 1영기 유충접종에서는 $56.1\%$, 2령기 유충접종에서는 $70.0\%$의 우화율을 보인데 반하여 저항성 대조품종 ASD-7에서는 $12.2\%$와 $25.9\%$, Vellailangalyan에서는 $14.7\%$와 $13.3\%$의 우화율을 보였으며 감수성 대조품종에서는 $68.8\%$와 $75.9\%$의 우화율을 나타내었다. 3. 애멸구 밀도에 따른 통일벼 유묘의 반응은 묘당 10마리 접종 15일부터 감수성반응을 보이기 시작한데 반하여 ASD-7은 당묘 30마리 접종 15일부터 중간 내지 감수성반응을 보였고, Vellailangalayan은 묘당 20마리 접종 20일부터 감수성반응이 나타났다. 감수성대조품종 진흥은 묘당 10마리 접종 15일부터 감수성반응을 나타내었으며 통일벼와 큰 차이가 없었다. 4. 통일벼 단독검정에서는 그 반응이 진흥과 대차가 없으나 다른 품종과 함께 동시 대량검정을 하였을 때는 저항성반응을 보이는 것은 감수성 대조품종 진흥에 비하여 식이선호성이 낮고 약간의 이충성(Tolerance)을 지니고 있기 때문이라 추측된다. 5. 이상의 결과로 보아 통일벼는 항충성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the supplemental effects of two insect meals, mealworm (MW) and black soldier fly (BSF), with high or low lipid levels in diets, on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sardine and tuna by-product meals were used as the fish meal source in a control (Con) diet. The fish meals were replaced with MW, defatted MW (deMW), BSF or defatted BSF (deBSF), respectively. The shrimp (body weight: 0.47 g) were stocked into 20 acryl tanks (215 L) and fed the diets six times a day. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the shrimp that were fed insect meals had significantly higher phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than the shrimp fed Con diet. The gene expressions of prophenoloxidase, crustin and penaeidine-3c in shrimp hepatopancrease were also higher in shrimp that were fed the insect diets, regardless of defatting than those in shirmp that were fed Con diet. The survival against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was higher in shrimp that were fed the diets containing defatted insect meals than in shrimp that were fed Con diet. These results indicate that MW and BSF, regardless of lipid levels, could be good protein sources for the enhancement of innate immunity and anti-oxidant capacity of the shrimp.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2002

The success of sericulture industry in India is mainly attributed to the well-planned annual sericultural activity and the systematic implementation of pest preventive and control measures. The insect spectrum of silkworm and its food plants is complex and plays a major role in limiting the production of silk. Insects cause extensive damage to plant whereas predators and parasites either kill the silkworm larvae or force them to spin flimsy cocoons. Unilateral control measure against this pest is mainly based on the use of synthetic organic insecticides. Though these approaches initially paid rich dividends, the undesirable consequences soon surfaced. Insecticide induced resurgence of gall midges, leafhopper, leaf roller, secondary pest out breaks and development of pest biotypes has led to realization of Integrated Pest Management in sericulture. Various components of IPM, viz. Host plant resistance, cultural practices, biological control, chemical control and integrating them at various technological levels have been studied. Sources of host plant resistance have been identified for some of the major insect pests. High yielding mulberry variety has been propagated and their resistances towards major pests have been recorded. Cultural practices like pruning, pollarding, judicious use of nitrogen, optimum spacing and weed management have preyed to be the powerful tools in containing pests. Natural control over the pest population build- up exerted by the wide range of parasitoids, predators and pathogens has been well documented with identification of natural enemies and studies on their potential. Augmentation, through inoculation or inundative releases of parasitic arthropods, is the most direct way of increasing the numbers of these beneficials in sericulture.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1983

Despite the great importance of chemical insecticides, with the ever increasing resistance of pest insects to chemical insecticides and the growing concern over environmental pollution, it becomes evident that the problem of pest attack on crops cannot be solved by anyone system. Under these circumstances, main pathogens of insects, i.e., viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa, have been studied to control many insect pests. Some of these pathogens are now being produced as microbial insecticides at the rate of hundreds of tons per year in the world. Some microbial insecticides are very effective against numerous or target insects under suitable environmental condition, and microbial control has been played an important role in integrated control program. They have many unique properties such as selectivity, multiplication and harmless to higher animals. However, we must be aware also that there are many problems to be solved, such as safety, persistence and difficulty of efficacy, etc_ on the microbial insecticides.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 1992

A laboratory bioassay that incorporates Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) purified crystal protein toxins into an artificial diet has identified three toxins, CryIA(b), CryIA(c), and CryIIA, to by effective against the yellow stemborer, Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker). Research is aimed at engineering rice that incorporates genes of one of or more of these toxins so as to mimic the insecticidal action of the insect to Bt. The paper discusses potential strategies for slowing the rate of adaptation that include the use of multiple Bt toxins, promoters that express the toxins only in specific plant tissues at specific times, and mixing transgenic and non-transgenic plants.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

The nutritional composition of transgenic rice (Agb0101) with bar and modified cry1Ac1 genes grown with herbicides was compared with that of its non-transgenic counterpart. The analyzed components (proximates, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, trypsin inhibitors, and phytic acid) in the herbicide-treated Agb0101 brown rice were substantially equivalent to those of its non-transgenic counterpart.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2001

강원도 고랭지대 배추경작지에서는 동일한 살충제가 매년 수회씩 연용되고 있으며, 여러 살충제의 혼용살포로도 배추좀나방 방재가 어려운 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 실험의 목적은 강원도 고랭지대 배추경작지에서 발생하는 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella L.)에 대한 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 살충제의 저항성 발달 정도를 구명하는데 있다. 강원도 계촌, 장평, 태백, 춘천, 홍천의 배추경작지에서 발생한 배추좀나방을 채집하여 유기인계 살충제인 chlorpyrifos, diazinon, fenitrothion, profenofos, phenthoate, flupyrazofos와 카바메이트계 살충제인 carbofuran, befuracarb, furathiocrb에 대한 $LC_{50}$을 감수성종과 비교하여 저항성 발달정도를 검정하였다. 유기인계 살충제인 chlorpyrifos에 대한 태백종과 홍천종의 $LC_{50}$은 216.9 ppm과 589.0 ppm으로 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$인 6.25 ppm과 비교하여 각각 35배와 94배 높았고, fenitrothion에 대한 태백종과 홍천종의 $LC_{50}$은 각각 240.3 ppm과 960.1 ppm으로 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$ 3.9 ppm과 비교하여 70배와 254배 높았으며, profenofos에 대한 춘천종의 $LC_{50}$ 39.2 ppm은 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$ 1.1 ppm과 비교하여 37배 높았다. 그러나 diazinon, phenthoate, flupyrazofos에 대한 감수성종과 포장종의 $LC_{50}$에는 차이가 거의 없었다. 카바메이트계 살충제의 경우 befuracarb에 대해서만 저항성이 나타났는데, befuracarb에 대한 춘천중의 $LC_{50}$은 257.8 ppm으로 감수성종의 $LC_{50}$ 13.34 ppm과 비교하여 19배 높았다. 본 실험의 결과는 약제간, 지역간차이는 있었으나 강원도 고랭지 배추 재배지에서 발생하는 배추좀나방이 일부 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 살충제에 대하여 저항성이 발달되었다는 것을 시사한다.