• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1967

In the process of the incorporation of orthophsphate into protein and other cell constituents, the role of inorganic polyphosphate and RNA-polyphosphate complex and the correlation between them were pursued by analyzing the contents of $^{32}P$ and total P in various fractions of Chlorella cells, which had been uniformly labeled with $^{32}P$ before the inoculation in a normal "cold" medium or P-free medium during the culture. The effects of ionizing radiation and various micronutritional-element deficiencies on the phosphate incorporation into, and biosynthesis of, protein and other introgenus compounds in the cells were also observed. When the uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled algae were grown in a normal "cold" medium the contents of $^{32}$ P in the fractions of protein, DNA and RNA-polyphosphate complex increased, but those in the fraction of acid-insoluble polyphosphate decreased. On the other hand, amount of $^{32}P$in the fraction of RNA was almost unchanged in spite of rapid increase of the total P. In the growing period of $^{32}P$-labeled algae in a P-free medium, amounts of $^{32}P$ in the fractions of DNA, protein and lipid increased, while those in the fractions of RNA-polyphosphate and inorganic polyphosphates decreased. When the algal cells were irradiated with about 70, 000r of gamma-rays before the inoculation in the medium, amounts of phosphate in the fractions of DNA, RNA, nucleotides and protein decreased during the culture, compared with those of the control. However, the phosphate content in the fraction of acid-insoluble polyphosphate of the irradiated cells increased than those of the control. In the growing period of the algae in a Mo-free, medium, amounts of acid-soluble total phosphate and nucleotides of the cells increased, while the amounts of residual protein and RNA decresed compared with those of the normal cells. Amounts of alkali-labile protein and phospholipid of the cells grown in a B-free medium decreased, whereas amount of phosphate in acid-soluble fraction increased compared with the control. In general, the contents of protein and RNA in each microelement deficient cells decreased more or less, compared with those in the normal cells.in the normal cells.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2001

The study was carried out to evaluate characteristics of inorganic phosphate fractions in cultivating soil with paper mill sludge comport(PMSC). The experiment were conducted in cultivating corn by a pot test. The place of the pot test was a plastic house. The pot size was 1/5000a and PMSC was added at rates of 0, 30, and 100 Mg/ha. The pot experiment was divided to two treatments, one in which corn was cultivated and the other which was not. The items of measurement was pH and inorganic phosphate fractions which were determined for the pot tests for 80 days. The results can be concluded as follows, pH increased depending on the higher rates of PMSC application to the soil during the Pot tests, because calcium content was high and contents of nutrient were high. When the application rates of PMSC were increased, Saloid-P and Fe-P decreased, while Al-P and Ca-P in soil increased during the pot tests. According to the increase of PMSC application rates, the growth and the yield of com significantly increased Such results seem to be associated with the higher nutrient level from PMSC application. Although uptake of phosphorus in corn decreased in the corn with increased application of the PMSC, phosphate deficiency didn't appear in the pot test.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.333-339
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• 2000

Effects of chemical properties of cultivation soils on the growth and quality of garlics were investigated. Garlics were cultivated in Uisung and Yechun, one of the major areas of garlic production, where upland and paddy fields have been used for garlic production for many years. Contents of phosphate, sulfur and potassium in the soils of paddy fields were relatively higher than those in the soils of upland fields, suggesting that the accumulation of inorganic salts has been progressed in the paddy fields. Soils of Uisung area showed higher pH s and lower contents of available phosphate compared to those of Yechon area. This result implies that the soils of Uisung area provide somewhat better chemical properties for garlic growth than those of Yechun area. Contents of inorganic salts such as phosphate, potassium and magnesium in the soils significantly affected the growth and quality of garlics. Garlics grown in the soils with lower contents of these inorganic salts exhibited better growth status and contained more pyruvate. More pyruvate was found in the garlics grown in upland fields than in paddy fields. Therefore, it is apparent that the accumulation of inorganic salts, especially available phosphate, in cultivation soils leads to the inhibition of garlic growth and in turn to the deterioration of garlic quality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.773-777
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• 2008

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated from the rhizosphere of Chinese cabbage and screened on the basis of their solubilization of inorganic tricalcium phosphate in liquid cultures. Ten strains that had higher solubilization potential were selected, and they also produced indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and siderophores. The strains were identified to be members of Pseudomonas, by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Seed bacterization with PSB strains increased the root elongation and biomass of Chinese cabbage in seedling culture, although they had no effect on phosphorus uptake of plants. The plant growth promotion by PSB in this study could be due to the production of phytohormones or mechanisms other than phosphate solubilization, since they had no effect on P nutrition.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 1995

Phosphatase activity was measured with other environmental factors in Cheonho reservoir in 1994. It ranged form 95 to 1,685 nM/1/h and was correlated significantly with chlorophyll-a. Such a close relation well matched the fact that over 90% of phosphatase activity was detected in > 3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ fraction. The phosphatase activity also correlated negatively with dissolved inorganic phosphate concentration, which implies derepression of phosphatase production by phosphate limitation. Significant correlation was analyzed between phosphatase activity and BOD, which also appeared to be closely correlated with chlorophyll-a. A great percentage of organic materials seems to be generated autochthonously by algae and extracellular enzyme even though allochthonous influence was thought to be stronger in Cheonho reservoir.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.349-352
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• 1988

[(Benzene)Mn$(CO)_3$]$^+$ reacts with NaP(O) (OR)$_2$ (R = Me, Et, Ph) to give the phosphonate compound 1. Compound 1 reacts with R'Li (R = Me, Ph, $^nBu, ^tBu$) to yield the isomerized compound 2 and the alkylated compound 3. [(Toluene)Mn$(CO)_3$]$^+$ reacts with NaP(O)$(OMe)_2$ to give the phosphonate complexes 1-A and 1-B. Treatment of 1-A with $^tBuLi$ in THF affords complexes 3-A and 3-B with the later major. With 1-B only the complex 3-C is formed. [(Anisole)Mn$(CO)_3$]$^+$ reacts with NaP(O)$(OMe)_2$ to give the phosphate complex 1-C, which on treatment with $^tBuLi$ and then $H_2O$ yields compound 3-D. After demetallation of compound 3-D, meta-tertbutyl-anisole is obtained in a reasonable yield.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2001

We studied the appearance and proliferation of red tide organisms from March, 1998, to February, 1999, in the Jindong Bay. There were two red tide events during investigation, and we found that the dominant species Ceratium furca in May and Gymnodinium sanguineum in September, 1998. At surface, temperature and salinity showed 18.3~19.7$^{\circ}C$ and 30.6~30.9 psu in May and 25.6~27.$0^{\circ}C$, 28.0~28.5 psu in September, respectively. When the red tide occurred, the water mass stable. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) in Jindong Bay showed seasonal variability. In May, the nitrogen was a limited nutrient in which the ratio of DIN versus DIP was less than 16 (Redfield ratio), while in September phosphate. During June to September, 1998, phosphate acted as a limited nutrient due to the increased river run-off from land. In May, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen(DO) and chemical oxygen demand(COD) showed higher than 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, 10mg/$\ell$ and 5.0mg/$\ell$, respectively. In September, they showed in turns 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, 10mg/$\ell$ and 10mg/$\ell$, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.6 s.107
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• pp.508-514
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the influences of aeration rates and temperatures on phosphorus transformation in the manure during treatment of swine manure in 15.3L batch reactor. The total phosphorus of raw manure was composed of $91.5\%$ of inorganic phosphorus and $8.5\%$ of organic phosphorus. During the experiment, inorganic phosphorus decreased from $91.5\%\;(385.7\;mg/L)\;to\;25.8-42.7\%\;(108.8-179.8\;mg/L)$ while organic phosphorus increased from $8.5\%\;(35.6\;mg/L)\;to\;57.3-74.2\%\;(241.5-312.5\;mg/L)$. The organic phosphorus was increased by the possible transformation of soluble inorganic phosphorus to poly-phosphate by the microbial uptake. However, soluble inorganic phosphorus was not decreased much during the experiment because the insoluble inorganic phosphorus was transferred to soluble inorganic phosphorus offsetting the microbial uptake. There was no significant difference in soluble inorganic proportion variance during the experiment among treatments for three liquid temperatures and three aeration levels. In terms of phosphorus transformation in the manure and energy consumption required for aeration, lower aeration was desirable fur the manure treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1049-1060
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• 2014

We investigated the spatiotemporal variations of dissolved inorganic nutrients along a saline gradient to estimate nutrient fluxes in the Seomjin River estuary during dry (March 2005, March 2006, March 2007, and March 2008) and rainy seasons (August 2005, July 2006, July 2007, and July 2008). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were similar in the endmembers of freshwater for the rainy and dry seasons. In contrast, the concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate and silicate in the rainy season were approximately 2-3 times higher than those in the dry season. River discharge was approximately 10 times higher in the rainy season ($212m^3sec^{-1}$) than in the dry season ($21m^3sec^{-1}$). The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate were 2.91, 0.004, and 2.51 tons $day^{-1}$ in the dry season and 7.45, 0.421, and 30.5 tons $day^{-1}$ in the rainy season, respectively. Although the range of nutrient concentrations were similar to previous results from investigations in the Seomjin River estuary, the nutrient fluxes were differed according to river discharge for different survey periods.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, the effect of micro-macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate(MBCP) incorporated with inorganic polyphosphate for bone regeneration in the calvaria of rabbit was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The procedure of guided bone regeneration was performed with titanium reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(TR-ePTFE) membrane. Four animal groups were compared : 1) TR-ePTFE membrane for negative control group, 2) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP for positive control group, 3) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP soaked in 4% inorganic polyphosphate for experimental group I, and 4) TR-ePTFE membrane filled with MBCP soaked in 8% inorganic polyphosphate for experimental group II. Results: 1. Negative control group showed the highest new bone formation at 16 weeks. 2. Positive control group showed the smallest new bone formation compared to other groups. 3. 8% inorganic polyphosphate induced more volume of bone formation, otherwise experimental group II did not show significant difference compared to negative control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that inorganic polyphosphate has a promoting effect on bone regeneration, possibly by enhancing osteoconductivity of the carrier and by increasing osteoinductivity of the defected alveolar bone tissue.