• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 1996

Waterfront redevelopment is an element in the process of inner-city regeneration now widespread in many ports of the world. Academic interest in the processes involved has yielded a literature biased towards specific locations rather than towards the analysis of processes and issues. The redevelopment of urban waterfronts does not, of course, occur exclusively in port cities but is found as a continuous process in most places where settlement and water are juxtaposed, whether or not commercial port activity is or was present. Port cities, however, as a result of the concentration and juxtaposition of urban and maritime influences, generally present the major issues involved in waterfront redevelopment most clearly. In this context, the general aim is to explore Korean dimensions of waterfront redevelopment in a range of port cities in a context of inner-urban renewal; and a specific objective is to examine the views of decision-makers in Korean port cities on the processes involved by a questionnaire method. The focus is on comparative strategies, and in particular upon the factors affecting the balance between social goals and commercial interests. To test the response of four categories of decision-makers in Korean port cities on a number of issues perceived as underpinning the processes involved in waterfront redevelopment, four catergories of respondents-port authority representatives(PO), urban planners(UP), port specialists(PS) and city-government official(GO)-were asked to fill in a questionnaire form. In three out of ten cases, the overall result broadly confirmed the a priori expectation; in six cases the confirmation was partial; and in one other the view of respondent was generally contrary to those anticipated. In many, but by no means all, cases there was substantial agreement between the four categories of respondents, but the range of scores was generally much wider than expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.14-23
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• 2002

Daejeon is a large city in Korea and very high-speedly developing city. Recently urban area is expanding and large forest patch is fragmenting into small habitats because of urban sprawl. The fragmentation of large forest patch decreases the size of habitats and increases the loss of biodiversity in urban area. This study is to analysis the connectivity of green space of Daejeon metropolitan city, and suggest the optimum location of greening site and corridor in order to increase the connectivity of green space of Daejeon metropolitan city. The findings of this study are as follows; (1) The result of this study showed that ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ index are -0.24 and 0.20. A ${\alpha}$ index is very low and a ${\gamma}$ index is relatively low. (2) The dispersion was very high, for urban forest patches were isolated through fragmentation. Therefore, it needed ecological corridors in order to connect the patches. (3) A urban streams were very important in connectivity of urban green space. Urban riparian corridor must be preserved and restored. (4) A urban green space policy and planning must be prepared to increase the connectivity and assessment of alternatives must be accomplished from perspective of connectivity. The results of this study show the practical implications in perspective of green space planning and policy in Daejeon metropolitan city. The suggestions by findings of this study are to connect green space between large forest patch in urban fringe and island green space in inner city. Also, It is required that urban stream is restored to natural feature for use of corridor by wildlife.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic data for energy efficient apartment designs by analyzing electricity and gas usage according to horizontal locations of dwelling units in apartment buildings. The data for this research are collected from J-apartment complex, located at 'Wolbae' district in Daegu City. The data are sorted into several groups according to inner and outer locations, East-West locations, and the size of units. By the performance efficiency analysis, the study derives the result as follows: 1) generally inner units are more efficient than outer units. 2) West units are more efficient than East units. 3) The group that is most efficient in overall energy consumption is West-inner units (Group-D) and the least efficient group is East-outer units (Group-A1). 4) However, as units are getting bigger, inner units consumes more energy than outer units because of the gas usage patterns. The study also established cost analysis that shows the cost differences of usages for 30, 40, 50 years between each group. The result says Inner-outer location with East-West location affects a significant amount of the management costs. In terms of economic and social life of an apartment building, energy design standards need to be tuned and make the least efficient units perform as efficient as the most efficient units to optimize the social life of an apartment building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristic of common space of public schools in New York City and how the common space can perform a decisive role in enriching public space not as simply connecting between programs but as common space for a wide range of uses for communities as well as students. This study illustrates with a general design guideline of SCA(School of Construction Authority) and how the rules help the common space as an interactive link between community and site/site and school building/building and outdoor space/outdoor space and lobby in the urban context. Since its founding in New York City, 1958, Mitchell/Giurgola Architects office has dedicated itself to working with institutions and public and private schools for 50 years and has been working with SCA for 10 public schools since 1990. Through five school examples by Mitchell Giurgola architects, the study describes how the office suggests public "place" interweaving inner public space and outer public space through lobbies. A result of this research can be proposed what improvements should be made on common space in domestic schools by analyzing of positive aspects of SCA schools.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2018

Industrialization has accelerated the expansion of mobility to the urban areas, land use for function of residence and consumption. With the urbanization, the management and distribution of the physical space of the city and rational design have also become major issues. Rapid and widespread urbanization has consistently accumulated problems of natural, physical, environmental, and psychological circumstances, and most of urban areas have begun to focus on restoring an efficient, safe and healthy urban environment to improve of the quality of life since the latter half of the 20th century, New-Urbanism is a new urban development paradigm that resembles the practical implications of a shared economy for social, economic and environmental cost reduction.. The geographical significance of the sharing city's concept of the alleys is to revitalize sustainable cities while restoring the attractive elements of the city. This study examines the lessons of New-Urbanism in those traditional urban space comparing with each East Asia's cities such as golmok (alley or backlane) in Seoul, Huton in Beijing, Lilong in Shanghai, and Roji in Japan. This study diagnoses whether main principals of New-Urbanism such as development of good community and walkable pedestrian route, restoration of regional identity and sense of the place, and mitigation of climate change strategy can be practiced in the community of alley as well.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2021

Concrete filled double skin tubular members (CFDST) consist of double concentric circular or square steel tubes with concrete filled between the two steel tubes. The CFDST members, having a hollow section inside the internal tube, are generally lighter than ordinary concrete filled steel tubular members (CFT) which have a solid cross-section. Therefore, when the CFDST members are applied to bridge piers, reduction of seismic action can be expected. The present study aims to investigate, experimentally, the behavior of CFDST stub columns with double concentric square steel tubes filled with concrete (SS-CFDST) when working under centric compression. Two test parameters, namely, inner-to-outer width ratio and outer square steel tube's width-to-thickness were selected and outer steel tube's width-to-thickness ratio ranging from 70 to 160 were considered. In the results, shear failure of the concrete fill and local buckling of the double skin tubes having largest inner-to-outer width ratio were observed. A method to predict axial loading capacity of SS-CFDST is also proposed. In addition, the load capacity in the axial direction of stub column test on SS-CFDST is compared with that of double circular CFDST. Finally, the biaxial stress behavior of both steel tubes under plane stress is discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.491-500
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• 2018

Due to changes in the distribution industry, inner harbors have been on a sharp decline in the recent past. However, through the application of the right development plans, such harbors can be revitalized into vibrant urban areas again. The importance of inner harbors has been recognized by the relevant authorities in Korea which are now pushing forward with redevelopment plans for its inner harbors. This study proposes a new approach to redevelopment plans based on the recognition that inner harbors have unique characteristics involving both inland areas and the ocean. In the study, representative inner harbors were selected and analyzed comparatively according to two distinct concepts of location: the Gateway Concept and the Central Place Concept. Based on these concepts, the conditions of the inner harbors were examined. Their location can be typed, and development directions were proposed according to their types and conditions. However, difficult points such as isolation and separation between an urban district and the harbor area, can be obstructions to their potential revival. An inner harbor needs to be considered as an intermediary, connecting place between the ocean and the city, not as another ordinary development area. In addition, a redevelopment plan should be accompanied by a strategic viewpoint to make the most of this feature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.376-378
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• 2011

Hamburg is going with the HafenCity Project to create new urban space for city's bustling central district. HafenCity will add an additional 155 hectares to Hamburg's central urban area, increasing its total area by some 40 percent. The new developments in HafenCity will be oriented towards the River Elbe and the great seaport. Its centre will have a close relation to water. They will be used for the construction of a fascinating mix of residential accommodation, offices, cultural and leisure amenities, retail facilities and restaurants set in a framework of an elaborate urban layout. This study is focusing on the purpose of the project goals, the task of the Hamburg authorities and GHS (Gesells chaft f$\ddot{u}$r Hafen und Standortentwicklung) and an urban planning ideas competition (draft masterplan). Regarding of the new trend of the reurbanisation in Europe, the aim of this study will be to find out, in which way Hafencity is trying to develope the new city district as a model for the European inner city of the 21st century.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-137
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• 1987

The townscapes of “Bu” and “Mok” in the Yi Dynasty, Showing the typical landscape characteristics of Korean pre-industrial city, were influenced by the two major socio - cultural norms, One of Which is the “Pung - su theory” a traditional religious system on human settlements, the other is the “Churyegogong system” ; a principle of the traditional oriental city planning. The former exerted main influencs on the location of towns, its external Boundaries of domain and its direction, by natural topographic features in macro perspective, and the latter on the inner parts of townscapes, i. e., the landscape system of ‘center’, ‘boundary’, ‘direction’, and ‘domain’, as representations of administrative and Socio-cultural structures of that era, in micro perspective compared with the former. The systems of Korean old townscapes can be summurized as followhg brief paradigm, with general and .case studies. And the constituents of the paradigm, such as center, boundary, direction and domain, are inferred to reinforce the “sense of place” in townscapes, with their ‘physical appearence’, ‘meaning’, and ‘social activities’.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.313-328
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• 2001

The lichen is generally used as a bio-indicator for the estimation of air pollution. The purpose of this research is to diagnose the level of air pollution by means of lichen Chongju region, relative to the direction of the dominant Wind(WNW) and the distance from the air pollution source. As a result it reveals that the industrial estate, its surroundings and inner city are confronting lichen desert phenomenon, According to the I.A.P index the average SO$_2$density in Chongju city in estimated above 0.03 ppm. However, the number of lichen species and its coverage are increased as the distance becomes further from the pollution source.