• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2014

The occurrence of insect pests of Lycium chinense was monitored at 4 organic farms that was cultivated with environment-friendly management at Cheongyang, Chungnam from May, 2012 to September, 2014. Total 4 orders and 18 species occurred in the L. chinense. Among them, 4 major pests and Lepidopteran and Hemipteran insect pests were investigated the occurrence pattern. During the budding, the population density of Myzus persicae was very high in late-May and early-June, and the injury by Lema decempunctata was increased from mid-June. The injuries by Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and Hedma lycia sp. were continued throughout the growing season. From the fruit held in late-July, hemipteran insects including Plautia stali and Halyomorpba balys were sucking the fruit, and their injury to L. chinense were gradually increased. In the case of Eriophys macrodonis densities to increase gradually from early July. The population density of E. macrodonis in 2014 was rapidly increased more than 5 times compared with 2012 and 2013. It was supposed that the initial control of mites or the removing of over-wintering density in the past year might be neglected. However, there is a need to more review the factors for the mass occurs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.215-218
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• 2012

Objective: Traumatic epidural hematomas (EDHs) in children are a relatively unusual occurrence. The cause and outcome vary depending on period and reg ion of study. The aims of this analysis were to review the cause and outcome of pediatric EDHs nowadays and to discuss outcome-related variables in a large consecutive series of surgically treated EDH in children. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 29 patients with surgically treated EDHs between Jan 2000 and February 2010. Patients' medical records, computed tomographic (Cl) scans, and, if performed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed to define variables associated with outcome. Variables included in the analysis were age, associated severe intracranial injury, abnormal pupillary response, hematoma thickness, severity of head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score), parenchymal brain injury, and diffuse axonal injury. Results: The mean (SO) age of the patients was 109 months (0-185 months). Most of the injuries with EDHs occurred in traffic accident (14 cases, 48.2%) and followed by slip down in 6 cases and falls in 6 cases. There were one birth injury and one unknown cause. EDHs in traffic accidents occurred in pedestrians hit by a motor vehicle, 9 cases; motorbike and car accidents, 5 cases and bicycle accidents, 1 case. The locations of hematoma were almost same in both sides (left side in 15 cases). Temporal lobe is the most common site of hematomas (13 cases, 44%). The mean size of the EDHs was 18 mm (range, 5-40 mm). Heterogeneous hematomas in CT scans were 20 cases (67%). Two patients were referred with unilateral or bilateral dilated pupil(s). There was enlargement of EDH in 5 patients (17%). All of them were heterogeneous hematomas in CT scans. Except for 4 patients, all EDHs were associated with skull fracture(s) (87%). There was no case of patient with major organ injury. CT or MRI revealed brain contusion in 5 patients, and diffuse axonal injury in one patient The mortality was zero, and the outcomes were excellent in 26 and good in 2 patients. None of the tested variables were found to have a prognostic relevance. Conclusion: Regardless of the EDH size, the clinical status of the patients, the abnormal pupillary findings, or the cause of injury, the outcome and prognosis of the patients with EDH were excellent.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of air temperature during midsummer on sunburn occurrence that had some problems recently on 'Fuji'/M.9 planting system in Korea. There was a positive relationship between sunburn incidence and accumulated days with high air temperature over $31^{\circ}C$, or accumulated total quantum per day. 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees with relatively open canopies, compared to 'Fuji'/M.26, were more susceptible to sunburn injury because the fruit was more exposed to sunlight. In 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees, those that were poor in vigor or with short bourse shoot length were more susceptible to sunburn injury. Sunburn incidence was affected by neither regions nor row orientations. Sunburn was observed most often on the fruits on the south and west sides of the trees. The reason was due to high skin temperature of the fruits reaching $40{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ under full sunlight.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.83-102
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for effective management and prevention of chronic diseases and secondary complications as elderly spinal cord injuries(SCI). The subjects were 200 spinal cord injuries admitted to S hospital from April, 2013 to April, 2018. We investigated the occurrence of chronic diseases and secondary complication through medical records. The results showed that SCI were affected chronic diseases and secondary complications over 50years. The prevalence of chronic diseases and secondary complications over 50 years of age had the odds ratio 11.8 times higher in hypertension and 6.7 times diabetes mellitus. Secondary complications had the odds ratio Osteoporosis 7.5 times, Pneumonia 5.2 times, and central pain 0.4 times. We suggest that continuous management and service of chronic diseases and secondary complications of elderly SCI are necessary. It will be necessary to expand the target population and to study various characteristics including.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to predict industrial accident rate using time series analysis. Methods: The rates of industrial accident and occupational injury death were analyzed using industrial accident statistics analysis system of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency from 2001 to 2014. Time series analysis was done using the most recent data, such as raw materials of Economically Active Population Survey, Economic Statistics System of the Bank of Korea, and e-National indicators. The best-fit model with time series analysis to predict occupational injury was developed by identifying predictors when the value of Akaike Information Criteria was the lowest point. Variables into the model were selected through a series of expertises' consultations and literature review, which consisted of socioeconomic structure, labor force structure, working conditions, and occupational accidents. Results: Indexes at the meso- and macro-levels predicting well occurrence of occupational accidents and occupational injury death were labor force participation rate for ages 45-49 and budget for small scaled workplace support. The rates of industrial accident and occupational injury death are expected to decline. Conclusion: For reducing industrial accident continuously, we call for safe employment policy of economically active middle aged adults and support for improving safety work environment of small sized workplace.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine whether the changes of contralateral sensorimotor cortical activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can predict the neurological outcome among spinal cord injury (SCI) patients when the great toes are stimulated without notice. Methods : This study enrolled a total of 49 patients with SCI and investigated each patient's preoperative fMRI, postoperative fMRI, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score, and neuropathic pain occurrence. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the change of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response on perioperative fMRI during proprioceptive stimulation with repetitive passive toe movements : 1) patients with a response of contralateral sensorimotor cortical activation in fMRI were categorized; 2) patients with a response in other regions; and 3) patients with no response. Correlation between the result of fMRI and each parameter was analyzed. Results : In fMRI data, ASIA score was likely to show greater improvement in patients in group A compared to those belonging to group B or C (p<0.001). No statistical significance was observed between the result of fMRI and neuropathic pain (p=0.709). However, increase in neuropathic pain in response to the signal change of the ipsilateral frontal lobe on fMRI was statistically significant (p=0.030). Conclusion : When there was change of BOLD response at the contralateral sensorimotor cortex on perioperative fMRI after surgery, relief of neurological symptoms was highly likely for traumatic SCI patients. In addition, development of neuropathic pain was likely to occur when there was change of BOLD response at ipsilateral frontal lobe.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.287-307
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• 2009

A person is injured in car accident caused by his/her slight negligence except he / she causes accident by his / her willfulness or gross negligence. Because the National Health Insurance Corporation (hereinafter called "Corporation") shall not provide any insurance benefit "when he has intentionally or through gross negligence caused a criminal conduct or intentionally contributed to the occurrence of an accident" referred to in Article 48 (1) 1 of the National Health Insurance Act. So, if he / she is insured by his / her own bodily injury coverage, he / she can be compensated for his / her medical expenses. The injured have the rights to file either National Health Insurance claim and Automobile Insurance claim but there is no clear and definite adjustment clause. The claim disputes between National Health Insurance (hereinafter called "NHI") and Automobile Insurance (hereinafter called "AI") in the own bodily injury coverage makes some problems. Firstly, there are some differences in co-payments which he / she chooses between NHI and AI. Profit per a patient is higher in the NHI than in the AI. Secondly, it can provoke criticism that people shall unnecessarily pay double contributions. Lastly, it can raise moral hazards. For example, if he / she can cover the compensations when the insured receives the compensations from his / her insurer, the Corporation can be claimed by medical care institution payment of the health care benefit costs. In conclusion, first of all, to improve the national health and preserve the insured's rights the Corporation shall keep notice these facts.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2013

Objectives : Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is classified as an anxiety disorder. PTSD occurrence is known to be increased in middle-aged and older people, female, and individuals with a previous history of psychiatric disorders, lower education levels, low socioeconomic status, and severely injured patients. Anxiety symptoms are also related to later development of PTSD. In this study, we investigate the influences of injury severity and sociodemographic factors on severe anxiety in PTSD patients with no previous history of psychiatric disorders. Methods : Forty-one PTSD patients without previous history of psychiatric disorders were recruited from the psychiatric clinic at Chosun University Hospital. Subjects underwent psychiatric and physical examinations including the Injury Severity Score (ISS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS). We defined severe anxiety as a BAI scores of 30 or more. Logistic regression analyses and multi-step model selection were applied to identify predictive factors for severe anxiety. Results : In univariate analysis, age, ISS, and socioeconomic status were found to be significant factors. Through multivariate logistic regression analyses and a stepwise model selection, we found the combination of age and ISS to be the best-fitted model for affecting severe anxiety in PTSD patients without a previous history of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that the combination of age and ISS could develop severe anxiety in PTSD patients with no previous history of psychiatric disorders.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.678-684
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• 2021

Background A car-tire friction injury on the dorsum of a child's foot often results in hypertrophic scarring of the wound margins. This study describes the clinical appearance of the injured areas and surgical complications that occurred during the follow-up period in a series of children with car-tire friction injuries who were treated with split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). We describe the clinical features that we believe need to be highlighted when initially treating car-tire injuries in children. Methods From May 2003 to June 2016, our retrospective study included 15 patients with car-tire injuries on the dorsum of the foot who were treated with surgical excision and STSG to cover the wound. Results A total of 15 patients with car-tire injuries were treated. The average age was 6.26 years old. The average injury grade was 3.26. Two patients were treated using delayed repair, and 13 patients received STSG for initial management. Four patients experienced no complications, while 11 patients had hypertrophic scars and/or scar contracture after surgery. Conclusions A car-tire friction injury on the dorsum of a child's foot often results in hypertrophic scar formation or scar contracture even if proper management is undertaken. Since the occurrence of these complications in childhood can lead to a secondary deformity, it is important to properly treat car-tire friction wounds, inform patients and caregivers about potential complications, and ensure regular follow-up evaluations over a 12-month period following the initial surgery.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the predictive validity of pressure injury risk assessment, Braden, Braden Q and Braden QD for pediatric patients. Methods: Prospective observational study included patients under the age of 19 who were hospitalized to general wards, intensive care units of a children's hospital. Characteristics related to pressure injury were collected, and predicted validity was compared by calculating the areas under the curve (AUC) of the Braden, Braden Q, and Braden QD scales. Results: A total of 689 patients were included in the study. A total of 13 (1.9%) patients had pressure injuries, and the number of pressure injuries was 17. Factors related to the occurrence of pressure injuries were 9 (52.9%) immobility-related and 8 (47.1%) medical device-related. The AUC for each scale was .91 (95% CI .89~.94) for Braden, .92 (95% CI .90~.95) for Braden Q, and .94(95% CI .92~.96) for Braden QD. The optimal cut-off points were identified as 16 for Braden (sensitivity=88.8%, specificity=86.4%), 17 for Braden Q(sensitivity=63.6%, specificity=94.9%), and 12 for Braden QD (sensitivity=94.4%, specificity=88.7%). Conclusion: The Braden QD scale demonstrated the highest predictive validity for pressure injuries in pediatric patients and is expected to be valuable tool in preventing pediatrics pressure injuries.