• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical pattern of the patients with penetrating torso injury. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical symptoms, mechanism of injury, injury type including injured organ, and ultimate outcome of treatment. Our purpose of the study was to establish guideline of management in penetrating torso injury. Methods: This study consists of an analysis of a consecutive series of 94 patients with penetrating injury of trunk treated at one general hospital during 7year period (from January 1995 to April 2003) who was admitted through in our emergency department. All data were collected from the medical records and entered in a database for analysis on the following: age, sex, mechanism of injury, vital sign at admission, clinical outcome including hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, requirement of crystalloid fluid and blood product. Results: Among 94 patients, there were 68 men and 26 women, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years (average 38.2 years). The most frequent mechanism of injury was violence by others including rob (n=54, 57.4%) followed by suicidal attempt (n=24, 25.5%) and accidental injury (n=16, 17.0%). No injury was inflicted from gun. In 37 patients, systolic blood pressure at admission was under 90mmHg. The time interval from injury to admission, and from admission to operation was 57.8minutes and 4hour 12minutes each. Laparotomy was required in 70 patients, thoracotomy in 5 patients, and 3 patients required thoracotomy and laparotomy. Among 94 patients, an average of 1.7 organs were injured. The small bowel and colon were the organs most commonly wounded followed by liver, mesentery, pleura. Of the 94 patients, 6 died for an overall mortality rate of 6.4%, and two of them were not related with hemorrhage. The average length of hospital stay was 18.1 days, and 40 patients required ICU care. Conclusion: Of the 94 patients who were admitted from penetrating torso injury, no patient was injured from firearm. Overall mortality rate was 6.4%. In our hospital, firearm injury was relative rare.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.127-133
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• 2022

This study aims to find out the associative relationship between dementia and comorbidities. To conduct this study, we used KNHDIS(Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey) data from 2009 to 2018 provided by the KDCA(Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency) annually. We used MySQL for data preprocessing and R for data analysis. As a result of applying the Apriori algorithm criteria of support(≥0.01), confidence(≥ 0.6), and lift(>1), seventeen rules related to dementia were discovered. The diseases associated with dementia were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, glomerular disorders in diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other urinary system disorders. This study can be utilized as primary data for the care of patients with dementia and provides implications for improving effective dementia prevention policies.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.917-923
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• 2018

In recent, technological advancement including a vehicle black box (VBB) has led to reducing such underreporting issues and errors of crash data. The objective of this study is to analyze the injury severity of cyclists on taxi-to-two wheeler crashes based on the accurate crash data collected from the VBB in taxi. This study defined the two wheelers as bicycle and motorcycle. To perform this study, we used the VBB data collected from taxis operating in Incheon, South Korea for a two-year period (2010-2011). An ordered probit model was applied to analyze the injury severity in crashes. As a result, new injury severity factors were found: increase of the crash speed of taxi, damage of crash-involved vehicles (i.e., taxi and/or two wheeler), not standing of cyclists after crash, and second or third impact of cyclists after first crash.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Purpose: Even though traumatic pancreatic injuries occur in only 0.2% to 4% of all abdominal injuries, the morbidity and the mortality rates associated with pancreatic injuries remain high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of traumatic pancreatic injuries and to identify predictors of mortality and morbidity. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 consecutive patients with a pancreatic injury who underwent a laparotomy from January 2000 to December 2010. The data collected included demographic data, the mechanism of injury, the initial vital signs, the grade of pancreatic injury, the injury severity score (ISS), the revised trauma score (RTS), the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), the number of abbreviated injury scales (AIS), the number of associated injuries, the initial laboratory findings, the amount of blood transfusion, the type of operation, the mortality, the morbidity, and others. Results: The overall mortality rate in our series was 23.0%, and the morbidity rate was 76.9%. Twenty patients (76.9%) had associated injuries to either intra-abdominal organs or extra-abdominal organs. Two patients (7.7%) underwent external drainage, and 18 patients (69.3%) underwent a distal pancreatectomy. Pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed in 6 patients (23.0%). Three patients underwent a re-laparotomy due to anastomosis leakage or postoperative bleeding, and all patients died. The univariate analysis revealed 11 factors (amount of transfusion, AAST grade, re-laparotomy, associated duodenal injury, base excess, APACHE 11 score, type of operation, operation time, RTS, associated colon injury, GCS) to be significantly associated with mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion: Whenever a surgeon manages a patient with traumatic pancreatic injury, the surgeon needs to consider the predictive risk factors. And, if possible, the patient should undergo a proper and meticulous, less invasive surgical procedure.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.464-471
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• 2006

Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in severe functional deficits. In the present study, the effects of treadmill exercise on neurotrophin expressions and functional recovery following sciatic crushed nerve injury were investigated. Animals were randomly assigned into four groups: the sciatic nerve injury group, the sciatic nerve injury and 3-day-exercise, the sciatic nerve injury and 7-days-exercise, and the sciatic nerve injury and 14-days-exercise groups. Sciatic nerve injury was caused by crushing the right sciatic nerve for 30 s using a surgical clip. A the light-exercise was applied to each of the exercise group over the respective number of days. In the present results, we identified enhanced axonal re-growth in the distal stump of the sciatic nerve 3-14 days after crush injury with treadmill training. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron when cultured from animals with nerve injury and treadmill training showed more enhanced neurite outgrowth than that of sedentary animals. Nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels in low-intensity treadmill training group were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerves 3, 7 and 14 days after injury compared with sedentary group, and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) protein levels in treadmill exercise group were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerve 3 days after injury compared with sedentary group. Then, treadmill exercise increased neurotrophic factors induced in the regenerating nerves. We further demonstrate that motor functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury was promoted by treadmill exercise. Thus, the present data provide a new evidence that treadmill exercise enhanced neurotrophins expression and axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.172-182
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• 2002

Objectives: We did research in the cause of the Pitchers' injury and their recovery process to make a detailed injury list for the purpose of finding the cause of the Korean professional pitchers' injury and its classification. We drew the conclusion through the results as following. Methods: We posed a question to the 80 pitchers playing in the first team of the eight Korean professional baseball team and analyzed the 62 pieces of question paper except the paper having a mistake. We used SAS/PC statistical package in analyzing the data. Results: In the frequency of the pitchers' shoulder injury in the last three years, the injured of all the players were 61.3$\%$ and the injury free players were 28.7$\%$. The cause of the injury was 45.2$\%$ wrong pitching motion, which was the highest value. For the shape of a pain when injured, the reverberation ache feeling when he is hit in the weight commanded an absolute majority as 19.4$\%$. Those who had muscular pain were 17.7$\%$, which was felt mostly at the pitching motion. The most trouble name of the injured shoulder was bicepstendinitis as 16.1$\%$ while the injury of shoulder joint was the lowest as 1.6$\%$. As the most widely used treatment, 25.8 percent of all the players had taken an electronical thraphy after injury. 14.5 percent of the players who had an injury to the shoulder told that they have an operation and 85 percent of them didn't. As a sort of the operation, a repairing of labrum was 44.4 percent, which is the highest value and the 77.8 percent pitchers are performing a normal pitching through rehabilitation after the operation and 22.2 percent of them are undergoing rehabilitation training. Conclusion: The research have shown that the main cause of the injury, concerning the Korean professional pitchers throwing lots of ball in both matches and practices, is overuse syndrome, bad mechanism, muscle weakness and instability of balance. I think that the role of trainer, physical therapy, and team physician taking charge of the players' injury must learn physical test method by heart exactly to check up the state of the injury definitely at the initial phase. Moreover, when the cause of the injury part after a close examination is discovered, the scientific and good surgery is essential to the rehabilitation success and making a classification of shoulder instability is useful to make a operation plan as well as the players' rehabilitation, treatment.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

Purpose: The appropriate management of traumatic truncal arterial injury is often difficult to determine, particularly if the injury is associated with severe additional truncal lesions. The timing of repair is controversial when patients arrive alive at the hospital. Also, there is an argument about surgery versus stent-graft repair. This study's objective was to evaluate the appropriate method and the timing for treatment in cases of truncal abdominal injury associated with other abdominal lesions. Methods: The medical records at Ajou University Medical Center were reviewed for an 8-year period from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2008. Twelve consecutive patients, who were diagnosed as having had a traumatic truncal arterial injury, were enrolled in our study. Patients who were dead before arriving at the hospital or were not associated with abdominal organ injury, were excluded. All patients involved were managed by using the ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support) guideline. Data on injury site, the timing and treatment method of repair, the overall complications, and the survival rate were collected and analyzed. Results: Every case showed a severe injury of more than 15 point on the ISS (injury severity score) scale. The male-to-female ratio was 9:3, and patients were 41 years old on the average. Sites of associated organ injury were the lung, spleen, bowel, liver, pelvic bone, kidney, heart, vertebra, pancreas, and diaphragm ordered from high frequency to lower frequency. There were 11 cases of surgery, and one case of conservative treatment. Two of the patients died after surgery for truncal organ injury: one from excessive bleeding after surgery and the other from multiple organ failure. Arterial injuries were diagnosed by using computed tomography in every case and 9 patients were treated by using an angiographic stent-graft repair. There were 3 patients whose vessels were normal on admission. Several weeks later, they were diagnosed as having a truncal arterial injury. Conclusion: In stable rupture of the truncal artery, initial conservative management is safe and allows management of the major associated lesions. Stent grafting of the truncal artery is a valuable therapeutic alternative to surgical repair, especially in patients considered to be a high risk for a conventional thoracotomy.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to describe the results of treatment for motor vehiclerelated crushing injuries among children and adolescents under sixteen years in Korea. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from children who were under sixteen year and injured foot by motor vehicles. Cases were documented 1) age at the time of injury, 2) injured site, 3) the area of accident, 4) the kind of vehicle, 5) associated injuries, 6) methods of treatment for soft tissue reconstruction and 7) complications. The relationships between the area of accident and associated injuries, and the kind of vehicle and associated injuries were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: There were 97 children who were 15 year and younger. The mean age was 7.4 years, and 65% were boys. The left foot was more dominant side of injury (57%). Seasonal variation was seen with the number of injuries peaking during the summer (43%, p<0.05). Among the vehicles, 78.3% were the large vehicles (bus, truck or van). The where of accident was more frequent at an alley or less than two lanes of traffic. But, the relationships between the place of accident and associated injury or the kind of vehicles and associated injury were not statistically significant. The associated injury were fracture or dislocation (23 cases, 35.9%), injury of tendon (21 cases, 32.8%). There were amputation or disarticulation of foot in 8 cases (8.2%) and post-traumatic deformities such as flatfoot, hindfoot varus or valus deformities by tendon injury in 7 cases (7.2%). Conclusion: More than 50% of crushing or degloving injuries of child's foot by traffic accidents happened in boys between 5 to 9 years old. The associated injury was unrelated with size of vehicles or accident place at the time of accident. But, even though foot injury happened in an alley or one lane by small vehicles, child who hurt feet by car need thorough investigation about associated injury. If a surgeon keep in mind and treat child to associated injury necessarily, can minimize complication. Microsurgical reconstruction for soft tissue defect was prior to other methods.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.414-433
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to identify the needs which are perceived by one of the familiy members who have head injury parients by traffic accidents in the intensive care units. Subjects were 70 families members of head injury patients admitted to 2 general hospitals NICU located Pusan city, 1 general hospital NICU located Ulsan city from December 1. 1998 to February 28. 1999. For this study, 70 family members were interviewed with aid of a Likert scale which was developed by researcher for this study. For development of the survey instrument, literature review and open questionnaire technique with family members and the nurses working in NICU. The 50needs-items were classified into 7 groups according to the homogeneity of the items with the support of literature review. For the content validity, the instrument was reviewed by 1 nursing professor and the internal reliability of this instrument was Cronbach alpha=0.94 which is highly accepted. Data was analyzed by a SPSS computer program. Data analysis included frequency. percentage, mean, standard variance and t-test or ANOVA. The results were as followings : 1. The general characteristics of head injury patients shows that the male was 74.3%, the female was 25.7% and age distribution shows that the fifty-fifty nine years was 30%, the highest. Of religion the buddhism was the most, The diagnosis distribution shows that epidural hematoma was 32.9% and subdural hematoma was 24.3%. The mentalility distribution shows that semicoma was 31.4% and stupor was 31.4%. Hemiplegia was 42.9% 2. The general charaterisrics of the family needs of head injury patients shows that thirty-thirty nine years was 31.4%, the highest. sex distribution shows that the male was 20%, the female was 80%. Of religion the buddism was the most. 3. The family needs of head injury patients was $3.03{\pm}0.42$, needs for the information of a patient's condition was $3.65{\pm}0.48$, the highest. And needs for the information of care and treatment was $3.48{\pm}0.48$, needs to be supplied with comfortable facilities for family was $3.04{\pm}0.66$, needs to be participate in a patient's care was $2.90{\pm}0.55$, needs to be informed about the available resources was $2.83{\pm}0.59$, needs to be supported emotionally for family was $2.79{\pm}0.55$, needs for religious assistance was $2.51{\pm}0.85$. 4. Examining the family needs of head injury patients according to patient's characteristics, mentality, plegia degree and operation were shown be variables to make an effect on the needs for the head injury patients family. At all, according to severity of head. injury, the family needs of head injury patients was high. 5. Examining the family needs of head injury patients according to their general characteristics, we could know that religion, job. income were shown to be variables to make an effect on the family needs. Through the examination it can be seen that the characteristics of head injury patients and the family needs of head injury patients. In conclusion, the family needs of head injury patients was almost same the family needs of ICU patients. Therefore we must involve the family's care of head injury patients and we must provide exact and repeated explanation, education and support the family of head injury patients. As this study was resulted in selecting the families admitted to NICU of some general hospital, we couldn't stretch the result in our favor. Therefore, continuous studies are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.169-182
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• 2010

This study sought to compare beliefs regarding injury, accidents, and prevention behaviors between mothers and teachers in childcare centers. The subjects were 252 mothers whose children were aged between 1 and 4 years old and 264 teachers in childcare centers. The data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, and partial correlation. Our results were as follows; 1) Mothers believed that by experiencing minor injuries young children would learn to recognize risk and develop their abilities to endure pain. Mothers engaged in prevention behaviors in accidents less when compared to teachers in childcare centers. 2) Mothers and teachers in childcare centers whose ages were below 30-years-old and whose education levels were below high school tended to believe young children would learn to recognize risk through accidents, and they engaged in prevention behaviors in accidents less. 3) There was a negative correlation between injury beliefs and prevention behaviors in accidents.