• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

Purpose: The most common cuase of transfusion for trauma victims in an emergency department is hypovolemic shock due to injury. After an injury to an internal organ of the chest or the abdomen, transfusion is needed to supply blood products and to compensate tissue oxygen transport and bleeding. From the 1990's, there have been some reports that transfusion is one of the major factors causing multiple-organ failure. Thus, as much as possible, tranfusion has been minimized in the clinical setting. This study aims to analyze the prognostic factors for mortality among trauma victims transfused with blood products in an emergency department. Methods: We conducted this study for the year of 2010 retrospectively. The study group included adult trauma victims tranfused with blood products in our ED. The exclusion criteria were discharge against medical advice, and missing follow-up due to transfer to another facility. During the study period, 34 adult trauma victims were enrolled. We compared the clinical variables between survivors and non-survivors. Results: the mean age of the 34 victims was 58.06 years, and males account for 58.5% of the study group. The most-frequently used form transportation was ambulance(119, 55.9%), and the most common injury mechanism was mobile vehicle accidents(67.6%). The mean revised trauma score (RTS) was 5.9, and the mean injury severity score (ISS) was 47.76. The mortality rate in the ED was 58.5%, Comparison of survivors with non-survivors showed statistical differences in injury mechanism, initial SBP, DBP, RTS, ISS, and some laboratory data such as AST, ALT, pH, PO2, HCO3, glucose (p<0.05). Regression analyses showed that mortality among adult trauma victims transfused in the ED correlated with RTS. Conclusion: When an adult trauma victim is transported to the ED and needs a tranfusion, the emergency physician carefully assess the victim by using physiologic data.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between stress and maxillofacial injuries in male students. Methods : The subjects were 386 male students who were 18 years or more. Mean age was $20.99{\pm}2.80$ years. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from March 7 to March 28, 2013. We surveyed maxillofacial injuries, mouth guards use and stress in male students majoring physical education. The data were analyzed by Cochran's Mantel-Haenszel, McNemar test and logistic multiple regression. Results : Those who had clenching habit and maxillofacial pain accounted for 48.7%. The pain was 3.23 folds higher in clenching habit than those who had not (OR=3.23, p <.001). The more stress they had, the more clenching habit (OR=2.13) and pain(OR=1.68) did they have. Within 2 years, those having maxillofacial injury accounted for 53.2% and 78.6% of them put on maxillofacial protection guard. In rule for mouth guard use, 39.9% had no maxillofacial injury. Maxillofacial injury was 2.41 folds higher in those who had no mouth guard usee (OR=2.41). Conclusion : Maxillofacial injury had a close correlation with mouth guard use and stress. Therefore, it is very important to establish the rule for mouth guard use in sports activities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2013

Objective : Despite several limitations, the Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) is normally used to evaluate trauma systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventable trauma death rate using the TRISS method in severe trauma patients with traumatic brain injury using our emergency department data. Methods : The use of the TRISS formula has been suggested to consider definitively preventable death (DP); the deaths occurred with a probability of survival (Ps) higher than 0.50 and possible preventable death (PP); the deaths occurred with a Ps between 0.50 and 0.25. Deaths in patients with a calculated Ps of less than 0.25 is considered as non-preventable death (NP). A retrospective case review of deaths attributed to mechanical trauma occurring between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011 was conducted. Results : A total of 565 consecutive severe trauma patients with ISS>15 or Revised Trauma Score<7 were admitted in our institute. We excluded a total of 24 patients from our analysis : 22 patients younger than 15 years, and 2 patients with burned injury. Of these, 221 patients with head injury were analyzed in the final study. One hundred eighty-two patients were in DP, 13 in PP and 24 in NP. The calculated predicted mortality rates were 11.13%, 59.04%, and 90.09%. The actual mortality rates were 12.64%, 61.547%, and 91.67%, respectively. Conclusion : Although it needs to make some improvements, the present study showed that TRISS performed well in predicting survival of traumatic brain injured patients. Also, TRISS is relatively exact and acceptable compared with actual data, as a simple and time-saving method.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2009

Purpose: Pelvic trauma is a serious skeletal injury with high mortality. Especially in cases of severe injury trauma, treatment outcomes depend on early diagnosis and intervention. We expect trauma surgeon to play an important role in the management of severe multiple trauma patients. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on pelvic trauma patients with hemodynamic instability between March 2005 and September 2009. We divided the time period into period I (March 2005~Feburary 2009) and period II (March 2009~September 2009). The trauma surgeon and team started to work from period II. Data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, type of pelvic fracture, ISS(injury severity score), treatment modality, transfusion requirement, time to definitive treatment, and mortality. Results: During period I, among 7 hemodynamically unstable patients, 4(57.1%) patients died. However during Period II, only one of 6(16.6%) patients died. The demographic data and injury scores showed no differences between the two time periods, but the time to definitive treatment was very short with trauma team intervention(14.4 hrs vs. 3.9 hrs). Also, the amount of transfusion was less(41.1 U vs. 13.9 U). With arterial embolization, early pelvic external fixation led to less transfusion and made patients more stable. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the importance of the trauma surgeon and the trauma team in cases of hemodynamically unstable pelvic trauma. Even with the same facility and resources, an active trauma team approach can increase the survival of severely injured multiple trauma patients.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2015

본 연구는 가정폭력 피해여성을 대상으로 한 부부 적응 프로그램 개발을 위하여 가정폭력 피해여성의 애착손상 및 상태-특성불안이 부부 적응에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 총220명의 가정폭력 피해여성이었으며 구조화된 자가 보고식 설문지를 이용하여 2014년 3월 20일부터 5월 6일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 자료 수집은 5개의 가정폭력 피해여성 거주 쉼터, 7개의 상담센터, 3개의 종교 관련 기관으로 총 15개의 기관에서 실시되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS win 18.0 프로그램으로 기술적 통계, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, 다중회귀분석으로 실시하였다. 연구결과 애착손상, 상태불안, 특성불안은 부부 적응과 유의한 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 다중회귀 분석결과 결혼상태, 자녀수, 폭력기간, 애착손상, 상태불안, 특성불안이 부부 적응을 설명하는 유의한 변인으로 나타났으며 이들 변인들의 부부 적응에 대한 설명력은 60.0%였다. 이러한 결과는 가정폭력 피해여성의 애착손상 및 상태-특성 불안을 감소시키고 부부 적응을 증진시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 재활복지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.47-74
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• 2014

본 연구는 척수장애인의 사회통합에 미치는 요인을 연구함으로써 사회복지실천 현장에서 척수장애인의 사회통합을 위한 대안 마련에 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하고자 한국척수장애인협회의 산하조직 13개 지역협회의 협조를 얻어 각 지역 협회에 배포한 390부 중 회수된 설문지 335부 중에서 답변이 불성실한 21부를 제외하고 304부를 사용하였다. 척수장애인의 사회통합에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 구조방정식 최종모형의 경로별 효과분석과 유의성 검증을 토대로 신체 심리적 요인, 경제적 요인, 사회적 지지가 척수장애인의 사회통합에 미치는 영향을 비교한 결과 삶의 만족도는 신체 심리적 요인, 사회적 지지와 사회통합을 부분매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경제적 요인과 사회통합에는 완전매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 척수장애인의 삶의 만족도를 높이면 척수장애인의 사회통합의 목적을 달성할 수 있을 것이라는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations among emotional perception clarity, emotion regulation, family relationship, non-suicidal self-injury, and depression, and to determine associated factors of non-suicidal self-injury and depression for senior elementary school students. Methods: Data were collected from 150 early adolescences in K region, Korea. A self-report questionnaire consisted of Trait Meta-Mood Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Family Relationship Assessment Scale, Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation, and Children's Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, logistic regression, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Non-suicidal self-injury and depression were positively associated with maladaptive emotion regulation strategy and family conflict, but negatively related to emotional perception clarity and family support. Adaptive emotion regulation strategy and family togetherness were only significantly correlated with depression. In logistic regression analysis, significant predictors of non-suicidal self-injury were emotional perception clarity, maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, and family support. Multiple regression analysis found that significant factors of depression were adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, which explained 38.0% of the variance. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that targeted intervention to reinforce the adaptive emotion regulation strategy and family relationship may prevent non-suicidal self-injury, and depression for senior elementary school students.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The Taekwondo being a martial sports, there are higher chances for the injury to occur than the non martial sports. Therefore, this study analyze the frequency, the area, the type, and the condition of the injury which are prone to occur in the Taekwondo matches; it is to help the Taekwondo players in prevention of the injury and in treatment. The subjects of this study were the 48 players (male 24, female 24) who participated in the final selection contest of the national team player on March 9 to 12, 1993. The data of the injury were obtained from the medical recoder staff and were analyzed to the frequency of the injury per match, the vulnerable area of the injury, the type of injury, and the condition of the injury with a gender difference. There were 24 matches for the male and 24 matches for the female, total 48 matches. Therefore, the total participation number of the players are the double of the match number. 1. The frequency of the injury per match was 18.3%(11/60) for male and 23.1%(12/52) for women. 2. The areas of the injury were ankle 36.4%(4), foot 18.2%(2), knee 18.2%(2), lower leg 18.2%(2), wrist 9.1%(1) in male; foot 33.4%(4), ankle 16.7%(2), knee 16.7%(2), lower back 16.7%(2), lower leg 8.3%(1), face 8.3%(1) in female. 3. The types of the injury were contusion 45.5%(5), sprain 27.3%(3), abrasion 9.1%(1), laceration 9.1%(1), tendon rupture 9.1%(1) in male; contusion 33.3%(4), sprain 33.3%(4), abrasion 16.7%(2), subcutaneous hemorrhage 8.3%(1), dislocation 8.3%(1) in female. 4. The condition of the injury were the unblocked attack 36.4%(4), attacking kick 27.3%(3), blocking a kick 18.2%(2), attacking punch 9.1%, impact with surface 9.1%(1) in male; attacking kick 33.3%(4), unblocked attack 25%(3), blocking a kick 25%(3), attacking punch 8.3%(1), impact with surface 8.3%(1) in female. This study shows that the injury from the Taekwondo matches occurred most in the lower extremity joints and the foot, and shows that the most of the injury types were contusion and sprain. Therefore, it is believed to be helpful to wear the proper fitting ankle or the knee protector and using other protective equipment to prevent the sports injury in the Taekwondo matches.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2008

Purpose: We conducted this retrospective epidemiological study to assess the incidence and severity of lower extremity injuries in Korea Methods: For this study, we retrospectively reviewed nationwide lower-extremity injury data compiled from 2001 to 2003 based on the National Injury Database, what included National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC), Car Insurance, and Industry Insurance data. Data were standardized in terms of demographic characteristics, region, and socioeconomic status by using NHIC data. To assess the degree of the injuries, we used the Modified Abbreviated Injury Scale (MoAIS), what has been changed from the International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) code. By using the Excess Mortality Ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score (EMR-ISS), we classified the degree of severity into four categories: mild, moderate, severe and critical. Results: From 2001 to 2003, lower extremity injuries increased slightly, with a yearly average of 2,437,335. Insurance data should that lower-extremity injuries were the most common, followed by upper-extremity injuries. Significant difference were seen in the numbers of lower extremity injuries based on gender and age. As for provinces, Seoul and Gyeongi provinces had the highest numbers of cases. Junlabukdo had the highest rate of 55,282 cases per 1 million people for standardized gender and population. The annual incidence of the insured patients with lower extrimity injuries was higher than the employer's medical insurance contributions to the medical insurance program. Daily cases occur most often in May and June, with the lowest occurrences being in January and February. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that lower extremity injuries comprised common cause of all injuries. In addition, differences associated with gender, location and socioeconomic status were observed. Further studies are needed to find reasons and then this knowledge will allow strategies to prevent the lower extremity injuries.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2012

Traumatic loading during car accidents or sports activities can lead to cervical spinal cord injury. Experiments in spinal cord injury research are mainly carried out on rabbit or rat. Finite element models that include the rat cervical spinal cord and adjacent soft tissues should be developed for efficient studies of mechanisms of spinal cord injury. Images of a rat were obtained from high resolution MRI scanner. Polygonal surfaces were extracted structure by structure from the MRI data using the ITK-SNAP volume segmentation software. These surfaces were converted to Non-uniform Rational B-spline surfaces by the INUS Rapidform rapid prototyping software. Rapidform was also used to generate a thin shell surface model for the dura mater which sheathes the spinal cord. Altair's Hypermesh pre-processor was used to generate finite element meshes for each structure. These processes in this study can be utilized in modeling of other biomedical tissues and can be one of examples for reverse engineering on biomechanics.