• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to enumerate the annual morbidity and mortality incidence and estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with occupational injuries and illnesses in Bangkok in 2008. In this study, data on workmen compensation claims and costs from the Thai Workmen Compensation Fund, Social Security Office of Ministry of Labor, were aggregated and analyzed. Methods: To assess costs, this study focuses on direct costs associated with the payment of workmen compensation claims for medical care and health services. Results: A total of 52,074 nonfatal cases of occupational injury were reported, with an overall incidence rate of 16.9 per 1,000. The incidence rate for male workers was four times higher than that for female workers. Out of a total direct cost of $13.87 million, $9.88 million were for medical services and related expenses and $3.98 million for compensable reimbursement. The estimated amount of noncompensated lost earnings was an additional $2.66 million. Conclusion: Occupational injuries and illnesses contributed to the total cost; it has been estimated that workers' compensation covers less than one-half to one-tenth of this cost.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed to provide the basic data for establishing countermeasures for preventing injury by analyzing the incidence rates, the risk factors, the characteristics of the injury and the utilization of medical care for mild injury that lasted for two weeks. Methods: We examined the injury survey data among the National Health and Nutrition Survey data. The definition of mild injury that lasted for two weeks was that the injury that caused pain at least once a day for two weeks or the injury for which the usual daily activity of the injured person was severely affected. We used statistical analysis methods such as chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence rate of injury that lasted for two weeks was 4.7 per 1,000 persons. On the multiple logistic regression, the children and adolescents (OR=3.80, 95%CI=1.63-8.84) had higher rates of injuries than the adults, and the middle and high school (OR=0.51, 95%CI=0.31-0.85) and college(OR=0.34, 95%CI=0.17-0.68) students had lower rates of injuries than the elementary school students. The unemployed (OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.20-0.73) and others (OR=0.38, 95%CI=0.21-0,70) had lower rates of injuries than the blue collar workers. The major causes of injuries were found to be falling and slipping, and the most prevalent place of occurrence was near or at home. Conclusions: A prevention program needs to be developed and continuous education must be offered to the children, adolescents and blue collar workers.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.467-479
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• 1999

The mortality and morbidity caused by injury and poisoning has been major public health problem in Korea. This study was carried out to get information indispensable in developing prevention srategies peculiar to korean rural area. In this study 1.499 people of 496 households. who are living in five rural villages of Chooncheon City. Kang-Won Province. were interviewed in accordance with structured questionaire in 1996. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The age-standardized annual incidence rates of injury and poisoning per 100 persons surveyed were 4.2 in males and 1.9 in females. The difference between sex was statistically significant. 2. The places where most of injuries and poisonings occurred were road 66.7% among males. road 31.6% among females. 3. The occurrence of the injuries and poisonings were clustered in intensive farming season in both males and females. 4. The laceration and stab wound were the most frequent nature of injuries in males and the fracture was the most frequent nature of injuries in females. The fracture. sprain were more frequent among males but sprain and contusion were more frequent among females. 5. Incidence rates of injuries and poisoning by cause were higher in traffic accidents among males. though falls among females. The cause specific incidence rate by age was high in traffic accident for 30-59 year age group. and for the aged people older than 60 years. 6. In the management pattern, 78.8% of the injuries and poisoning were received medical care in hospitals and clinics, and the duration of the treatment over 4 weeks in 37.0%. The results obtained indicate that organized community effort is urgently required to prevent injuries and poisonings in rural area.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.2-14
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• 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study was to report the incidence of falls in hospitals and analyze the risk factors for falls. Methods: This study used data on 1,216 patients who experienced falls from 2015 to 2017 during their hospitalization. The data was collected from the falls incident reports and patient' electronic medical record of hospital. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and multiple Poisson regression analysis with the SAS 9.4 Results: The incidence of falls was 1.38 per 1,000 patients days (2015), 1.81 per 1,000patients days (2016) and 1.99 per 1,000patients days (2017). The incidence of injury caused by falls (level III~V) was 0.05 per 1,000patients days (2015), 0.04 per 1,000patients days (2016) and 0.06 per 1,000patients days (2017). The largest number of falls occurred during night shift (42.5%), specifically in the patients' room (70.8%), and medical unit (66.0%). Average age of fallers was 69.1 years and 61.7% of them were older than 71 years. CCI and the patient's department have statistically significant differences in injury or injury levels from falls, but the integrated nursing care services had no significant difference in injury or injury levels from falls. Conclusion: The result of this study can be used as a reference for establishing a fall prevention strategy for hospitalized patients by presenting index values such as the fall rate.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.147-160
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• 1997

Nowadays according to the complexity of our daily life due to the development of industry and transportation various kinds of injuries happen. Since 1993 the death rate among 5-14 age children by injuries amount to about 57%. Furthermore, the injury of children can give a direct damage to their own family and it can also bring a serious loss to the country as well as the community where they live in accord with degree of an injury. From this reason, the importance of safety education has been increasing. In this study, it is aimed to clarify the effect of injury preventive behaviors on injury incidence of the 6th grade students in the elementary school. This study is accomplished by the survey sampled from 9 elementary schools in seoul, each of which belong to different district. The survey took for 15 days from the date of september 10th 1996 to september 25th 1996 and the results were as follows; 1. For demographic characteristic, sexual distribution was 48.7% of male students and 47.1% of female students. The required time from home to school was 10-19 minutes(51.8%), and the most way of their going to school is to walk(89.7%). Mothers who graduated from high school were 46.6% and 49.4% of fathers were above university graduated level. The most vocation of mothers was housewife as 56.7%. 2. The results of analysis on the injury rates, 75.8% of children experienced more than one injury and the most was play injury. With regards to sites where injuries happened, the room, the kitchen, and the living room in the house ranked first(38.3%) and then injuries at school such as on the playground, in the classroom, and on the stairs was 34.1%. 3. Considering the rate of injury incidence in accordance with demographic characteristics, male students experienced more injuries than female students(p〈0.05). For the way from home to school, children who went to school by bicycle experienced the most injuries and then on foot, by bus in order of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.05). 4. From the comparison of parents' safety education practice and the injury incidence, the less often parents practice safety education, the more often children experience injuries(p〈0.05). 5. The results of analysis on the effect of injury preventive behaviors on accidents children who didn't act injury preventive behaviors experienced much more injuries than those who did injury preventive behaviors of which differences were statistically significant(p〈0.01). 6. From the results of analysis of factors effecting on the elementary school children's injuries, children without injury preventive behaviors had more effect on accidents than those who had injury preventive behaviors as odds ratio 2.06(p〈0.01), and the odds ratio of male students compared with female students was 1.47(p〈0.05).

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2009

Background : To estimate fall incidence rate and associated factors in inpatients from a general hospital. Method : The data were collected from 104 fall incident reports developed by the patient safety committee in a general hospital in Seoul from 01 January 2007 to 31 December 2008. Information included general characteristics of patients, factors related to fall, types, places, circumstances and outcomes of fall. Result : The incidence rate of fall, which was 4.4 per 1,000 total discharged patients and 0.5 per 1,000 patient-days, was much lower than that of several hospitals in the United States. The difference may reflect the different incidence reporting system of each hospital. Fall-prone patients were, in general, $$\geq_-$$65 years of age, had an alert mental status, were ambulatory with some assistance, and were dependent on and ambulatory device. High incidence of falls was associated with patients with circulatory disease. The majority of fall events usually occurred in bed or at the bedside in the patient's room, and occurred more often during the night than during the day or evening. Risk factors of fall were use of drugs (antihypertensive or neuropsychiatric drugs) and environmental factors (e.g., overly high bed height, surrounding objects, inadequate fitness shoes and slippery floor). Physical injury occurred in 43.3% of fall events, which typically required diagnosis of injury and treatment such as suturing. Risk factors for repeated falls were use of a neuropsychiatric drug (odds ratio=13.9) and gait disturbance (odds ratio=91.2). Risk factors for fall-related injury were alert mental status (odds ratio=3.3 times more likely to fall than those who were drowsy or in a stupor) and general weakness(odds ratio=3.3 times more likely to fall than those who were not generally weak). Conclusion : Medical and nursing staff should be aware of the fall risk factors of hospitalized patients and should intensively pursue preventative strategies. Development of fall prevention education based on these results is recommended.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2019

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the preventive effect of theophylline on acute kidney injury and the ameliorative effect of theophylline on renal function in asphyxiated neonates. A literature search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for information published up to February 2019 was conducted. All studies that reported the incidence rate of acute kidney injury, serum creatinine level, and glomerular filtration rate after the randomized administration of theophylline or placebo were included. In total, eight studies involving 498 neonates were eligible. The incidence rate of acute kidney injury was significantly lower in the theophylline group than in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR]: 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-0.55, p < 0.001). The changes in serum creatinine level in the theophylline group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group from the first day of life to 3 and 5 days of age (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.51, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.40, p < 0.001, and WMD: -0.26, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.18, p < 0.001, respectively). The changes in glomerular filtration rate in the theophylline group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group from the first day of life to 3 days of age and the last day of follow-up (WMD: 12.30, 95% CI: 9.39-15.21, p < 0.001, and WMD: 9.35, 95% CI: 6.43-12.27, p < 0.001, respectively). These results suggested that theophylline has a beneficial effect on the prevention of acute kidney injury in neonates with perinatal asphyxia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2019

Background Professional affiliation between medical centers and professional sports teams can be mutually beneficial in the provision of healthcare and marketing strategy. Anecdotal evidence suggests a link between trauma volume and sporting events; however, there is limited data. This study aims to characterize the incidence of operative hand and facial trauma during professional baseball home games. Methods A retrospective review of surgical cases for traumatic hand or facial injuries at a level 1 center between 1999 and 2012 was performed. Demographic information including date of injury, admission status, and operative repair were collected. Patients were grouped based on whether their trauma occurred on the date of a home game. Results Operative hand and facial trauma occurred at a rate of 33.4 injuries per 100 days with home games, compared to 22.2 injuries per 100 days (incidence rate ratios, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-1.69). When home games were played, patients were more likely to present as a result of motorcycle accidents (3.1% vs. 1.5%; P=0.04) or bicycle accidents (5.0% vs. 2.6%; P=0.01). Other mechanisms of trauma were not statistically different. There was an increase incidence of injuries during home games in August; weekly variability showed an increased incidence during the weekends. Conclusions There was an increased rate of operative hand and facial injuries on dates with professional home games. The incidence of injuries during home games was higher in the late summer and on the weekends. Further analysis may allow improved resource allocation and strategies for injury prevention and treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.123-126
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• 1981

190 cases of the thoracic injuries experienced at the department of chest surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, for 5 years from Jan. 1976 till Dec 1980, were analysed. The results are as follows; 1. The incidence rate of male to female was 5.1:1. The common age groups were 3rd, 4th and 5th decades, and the most common age group in the penetrating injury was 3rd decade. 2. The most common mode of the nonpenetrating injuries was a traffic accident [63.0%], and the most commonly used tool in the penetrating injuries is a knife [66.7%]. 3. The most common nonpenetrating injury was rib fracture [73.9%], and the common fracture sites were 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th ribs [especially, 7th rib]. The incidence rate of flail chest was 15% of the cases of the rib fractures. 4. The common associated injuries of the nonpenetrating were long bone fracture [18.3%], brain contusion [15.9%], and clavicle fracture etc.. 5. The common method of surgical treatment were closed thoracostomy [46.7%], thoracentesis, and open thoracotomy [7.4%] etc.. 6. The overall mortality was 2.8%. [Nonpenetrating; 0.8%, Penetrating; 6.3%]

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.192-196
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• 2017

Purpose: Blunt injury accounts for 80-95% of renal injury trauma in the United States. The majority of blunt renal injuries are low grade and 80-85% of these injuries can be managed conservatively. However, there is a debate on the management of patients with high-grade renal injury. We reviewed our experience of renal trauma at our trauma center to assess management strategy for high-grade blunt renal injury. Methods: We reviewed blunt renal injury cases admitted at a single trauma center between August 2007 and December 2015. Computed tomography (CT) scan was used to diagnose renal injuries and high-grade (according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma [AAST] organ injury scale III-V) renal injury patients were included in the analysis. Results: During the eight-year study period, there were 62 AAST grade III-V patients. 5 cases underwent nephrectomy and 57 underwent non-operative management (NOM). There was no difference in outcome between the operative group and the NOM group. In the NOM group, 24 cases underwent angioembolization with a 91% success rate. The Incidence of urological complications correlated with increasing grade. Conclusions: Conservative management of high-grade blunt renal injury was considered preferable to operative management, with an increased renal salvage rate. However, high-grade injuries have higher complication rates, and therefore, close observation is recommended after conservative management.