• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

This paper presents the combustion characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel from a conventional pressure-swirl nozzle of a small-scale burner. The nozzle has orifice diameters of 0.256 mm and liquid flow rates ranging from 50 to 64 mL/min were selected for the experiments. The furnace temperature distribution along the axial distance, the gas emission such as CO, $CO_2$, NOx, $SO_2$, flue gas temperature, and combustion efficiency were studied. The local furnace and flue gas temperatures decreased with an increase in air velocity. At injection pressures of 1.1 and 1.3 MPa the maximum furnace temperatures occurred closer to the burner exit, at an axial distance of 242 mm from the diffuser tip. The CO and $CO_2$concentrations decreased with an increase in air velocity, but they increased with an increase in injection pressure. The effect of air velocity on NOx was not clearly seen at low injection pressures, but at injection pressure of 1.3 MPa it decreased with an increase in air velocity. The effect of air velocity on $SO_2$ concentration level is not well understood. The combustion efficiency decreased with an increase in air velocity but it increased with an increase in injection pressure. It is recommended that injection pressure less than 0.9 MPa with air velocity not above 8.0 m/s would be suitable for this burner.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2040-2052
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• 2005

The present paper centers on the establishment of a quantified relationship between the macroscopic visual parameters of a Diesel spray and its most influential factors. The factors considered are the ambient gas density, as an external condition relative to the injection system, and nozzle hole diameter and injection pressure as internal ones. The main purpose of this work is to validate and extend the different correlations available in the literature to the present state of the Diesel engine, i.e. high injection pressure, small nozzle holes, severe cavitating conditions, etc. Five mono-orifice, axi-symmetrical nozzles with different diameters have been studied in two different test rigs from which one can reproduce solely the real engine in-cylinder air density, and the other, both the density and the pressure. A parametric study was carried out and it enabled the spray tip penetration to be expressed as a function of nozzle hole diameter, injection pressure and environment gas density. The temporal synchronization of the penetration and injection rate data revealed a possible explanation for the discontinuity observed as well by other authors in the spray's penetration law. The experimental results obtained from both test rigs have shown good agreement with the theoretical analysis. There have been observed small but consistent differences between the two test rigs regarding the spray penetration and cone angle, and thus an analysis of the possible causes for these differences has also been included.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 1985

Recently, the problem of exhaust gas pollution is increasingly being aggravated by the active use of the Diesel engine. For the fuel-injection system which affects the composition of exhaust gas from the Bosch type single-hole nozzle in the Diesel engine, a mathematical model was set up to study pressure variations in the high pressure pipe, the injection rate, and the needle lift. The fundamental equations of the mathematical model have been solved by the Newton Raphson Method applying the Finite Diffrence Method. The effective stroke of the injection pump plunger due to a change in engine rpm was calculated by the measurement of Control Rack, Pinion, and Plunger sizes and by the use of Characteristic Curve of Governor. The computed results for the pressure variations in the high pressure pipe and needle lift at 800 rpm and 1000 rpm are in good agreement with experimental ones in general. By a developed program, the effects of other various parameters will by calculated for the performance of the fuel-injection system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2001

Great attentions are paid to HSDI diesel engine for passenger cars because of its high thermal efficiency. The most interesting research in HSDI diesel engine developments is focused on applying common rail system as a fuel injection equipment. In this study, a series of tests are carried out to investigate the effect of injection pressure variation on the smoke and fuel concluded in a small HSDI diesel engine with common rail system. As a result of this study it is concluded that there is an optimum rail pressure dependent on combustion system such as nozzle type, combustion chamber geometry.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

Constant volume combustion chamber has been designed to investigate diesel spray characteristics with Common-Rail injection system to realize high pressure injection. In this study, two methods of measurements, Schlieren shadowgraphy and Mie scattering imaging method ate applied experimentally to study spray form and liquid phase zone in high pressure, high temperature conditions. Diesel fuel is injected at the point which ignited mixture gas is completely burned. The effect of injection pressure, injector hole diameter, ambient gas temperature and density are investigated experimentally.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

Six shear coaxial injectors for a 3 tonf-class liquid rocket engine using oxygen and methane as propellants were designed and manufactured by considering geometric design parameters such as a recess length and a taper angle. Cold-flow tests on the injectors were performed using water and air as simulants. By changing the water mass flow rate and air mass flow rate, the injection pressure drop under single-injection and bi-injection was measured. The discharge coefficients through the injector oxidizer-side and fuel-side were calculated and the discharge coefficient ratio between bi-injection and single-injection was obtained. Under single-injection, the recess served to reduce the injection pressure drop on the injector fuel-side. For the injectors without recess, the discharge coefficients under bi-injection were almost the same as those under single-injection. However, for the injectors with recess, the taper angle and bi-injection had a significant effect on the discharge coefficient.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

Repairing concrete structures depended on only technician' experience without quality test standards would have problems. For solving those problems, this paper has analyzed the relations between injection quantify and crack width, injection time and crack width, injection pressure and crack width, injection pressure/time and crack width, injection quantity and structure size, injection quantify and individual crack Position, injection time and crack width/structure thickness. The data gained from this analysis would be helpful for systematic quality control of repairing concrete structures.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1194-1205
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• 2005

The common-rail injection systems, as a new diesel injection system for passenger car, have more degrees of freedom in controlling both the injection timing and injection rate with the high pressure. In this study, a piezo-driven injector was applied to a high pressure common-rail type fuel injection system for the control capability of the high pressure injector's needle and firstly examined the piezo-electric characteristics of a piezo-driven injector. Also in order to analyze the effect of injector's needle response driven by different driving method on the injection, we investigated the diesel spray characteristics in a constant volume chamber pressurized by nitrogen gas for two injectors, a solenoid-driven injector and a piezo-driven injector, both equipped with the same injection nozzle with sac type and 5-injection hole. The experimental method for spray visualization was based on back-light photography technique by utilizing a high speed framing camera. The macroscopic spray propagation was geometrically measured and characterized in term of the spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray tip speed. For the evaluation of the needle response of the above two injectors, we indirectly estimated the needle's behavior with an accelerometer and injection rate measurement employing Bosch's method was conducted. The experimental results show that the spray tip penetrations of piezo­driven injector were longer, on the whole, than that of the solenoid-driven injector. Besides we found that the piezo-driven injector have a higher injection flow rate by a fast needle response and it was possible to control the injection rate slope in piezo-driven injector by altering the induced current.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

DME spray characteristics were investigated about varied ambient pressure and fuel injection pressure using the DME common rail fuel injection system when the nozzle holes diameter is varied. The common rail fuel injection system with DME cooling system was used since DME has properties of compressibility and vaporization in atmospheric temperature. The fuel injection quantity and spray characteristics were measured. The spray analysis parameters were spray shape, penetration length, and spray angle at six nozzle holes. Three types of injector were used, the nozzle holes diameter were 0.166 mm (Injector 1), 0.250 mm (Injector 2), and 0.250 mm with enlargement of orifice hole from 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm (Injector 3). The fuel injection pressure was varied by 5MPa from 35 to 70MPa when the ambient pressure was varied 0, 2.5, and 5MPa. When using Injector 3 in comparison to the others, the DME injection quantity was increased 1.69 ~ 2.02 times. Through this, it had the similar low heat value with diesel which was injected Injector 1. Among three types of injector, Injector 3 had the fastest development velocity of penetration length. In case of spray angle, Injector 2 had the largest spray angle. Through these results, only the way enlargement the nozzle holes diameter is not the solution of DME low heat value problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2024

This paper presents development of a CO₂ injectivity analysis model using nodal analysis for the depleted oil reservoirs in Malaysia. Based on the final well report of an appraisal well, a basic model was established, and sensitivity analysis was performed on injection pressure, tubing size, reservoir pressure, reservoir permeability, and thickness. Utilizing the well testing report of A appraisal well, permeability of 10md was determined through production nodal analysis. Using the basic input data from the A appraisal well, an injection well model was set. Nodal analysis of the basic model, at the bottomhole pressure of 3000.74psia, estimated the CO₂ injection rate to be 13.29MMscfd. As the results of sensitivity analysis, the injection pressure, reservoir thickness, and permeability tend to exhibit a roughly linear increase in injection rate when they were higher, while a decrease in reservoir pressure at injection also resulted in an approximate linear increase in injection rate. Analyzing the injection rate per inch of tubing size, the optimal tubing size of 2.548inch was determined. It is recommended that if the formation parting pressure is known, performing nodal analysis can predict the maximum reservoir pressure and injection pressure by comparing with bottomhole pressure.