• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 1992

Haemorrhagic ulcer in cultured snakehead(Chann0 argus) is widespread in Korea during the summer season. Round haemorrhagic ulcers as the main symptom of this epizootic disease can be found on the skin of the head. body, as well as fins of this fish. This study was conducted to investigate the pathology of this disease. First. Aeromonas veronii. the dominant species. was isolated from diseased snakeheads. Then this bacterium was injected into healthy snakeheads hypodermically. Such injection was found to induce haemorrhagic ulcers very similar to those observed in naturally infected fish. One or two days afier the injection, a red spot developed around the injection site. and grew bigger to from a red area. This enlarged area then developed into haemorrhagic ulcer, accompanied by substantial skin loss. Within five days. muscle necrosis proceeded to the extent that a perforation was made between the injection site and the opposite side. The fifty per cent lethal dosage was found to be $1\times10^{5}$CFU/0.25 ml by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this experiment lead us to conclude that Arromonas veronii is a major bacterium which causes haemorragic ulcer in cultured snakcheads.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.834-839
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• 2001

Calandria tube wrapping each pressure tube is one of the key structural components of CANDU reactor(Calandria) which is consisted of many pressure tubes containing nuclear fuel assemblies. As the Calandria tube(made of zirconium alloy) is sagging due to its thermal and irradiation creep during the plant operation, it possibly contacts with liquid injection nozzle crossing beneath the Calandria tube, which subsequently results in difficulties on the safe operation. It is therefore necessary to check the gap for the confirmation of no contacts between the two tubes, Calandria tube and liquid injection tube, with a proper measure during the life of plant. In this study, an ultrasonic measurement method was selected among several methods investigated. The ultrasonic device being developed for the measurement of the gap was introduced and its preliminary performance test results were presented here. The gap between LIN and CT at site was measured using by this ultrasonic device at site.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-31
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• 1969

The author observed the uptake rate of $^{131}I$ by the thyroid gland, and disappearing rate of the $^{131}I$ at the site of the intradermal injection of 0.1ml of 5mCi of $^{131}I$ in normal physiologic saline on 20 patients with hyperthyroidism and on 15 patients with hypothyroidism who visited the Radioisotpe department of the Pusan National University Hospital during the period from January 1967 to Aug. 1968, and during the same period 15 normal persons were examined by the same methods and found. The results were as follows: (1) The disappearance rate of $^{131}I$ at the injected site was highest in the cases of hyperthyrodism. The next highest results were obtained in the normal cases. The lowest results were obtained in the cases of hypothyroidism. (2) The uptake rate of the thyroid gland after intradermal injection of the $^{131}I$ was highest in the cases of hyperthyroidism and the next highest results were obtained in the cases of nomal findings. The lowest results were obtained in the cases of hypothyroidism. (3) In conclusion, the intradermal method of injecting $^{131}I$ by the author is a useful way of testing the function of the thyroid gland.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-127
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• 2020

This study was conducted to determine how precooling reduces the subjective reported pain and objective pain and to evaluate the effectiveness of precooling the injection site before administration of local anesthesia in children. Electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid SP, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for publications from 1980 to 2020. Studies were screened for titles and abstracts, followed by full-text evaluation of included reports. Six studies were included in this systematic review. The primary outcome evaluated was the pain perception or the subjective pain reported by the child receiving the injection. The secondary outcome evaluated was objective pain evaluated in each study. Among 5 studies that evaluated child reported pain scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS), 4 studies reported lower scores in the precooling group and one study reported a higher VAS score in the precooling group than in children treated with 20% benzocaine topical anesthesia. Among 6 studies that evaluated the pain reaction of children by Sound Eye Motor (SEM) score, 4 studies reported a lower SEM score in the precooling group, one study reported no significant difference between the precooling and control groups, and one study reported higher SEM scores in the precooling group than in children treated with 20% benzocaine topical anesthesia. Within the limits of this systematic review, evidence suggests that precooling the injection site with ice can be an effective adjunct to topical anesthesia in reducing both subjective and objective pain during local anesthesia administration in children.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 2022

Objectives: This toxicological study was performed to assess for potential toxicity and to determine the approximate lethal dose of SU-Eohyeol pharmacopuncture (SUEP) following a single intramuscular injection of SUEP into male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The groups in our experiment consisted of an experimental group treated with SUEP at a dose of 1.0 mL/animal and a control group injected with a normal saline solution, and five male and female rats were placed in each group. Each animal was administered a single intramuscular injection. We monitored all rats for clinical signs and body weight changes for 14 days after administration. At the end of the observation period, the rats were euthanized and autopsied, and localized tolerance examinations were conducted at the site of administration of the test substance. Results: There were no deaths in either sex in the SUEP-treated group. There was no significant difference between the SUEP-treated group and the control group in the clinical signs and weight changes among the rats. In addition, no significant SUEP-related changes were observed on autopsy findings or local tolerance examinations at the injection site by histopathological examination. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the approximate lethal dose of a single intramuscular administration of SUEP in female and male rats under the conditions of this study is greater than 1.0 mL/animal. To determine the safety of the use of SUEP in Korean medical clinical practice, additional toxicity studies will be needed.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1582-1589
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• 2016

In this paper the integration of Distributed Generation (DG) in radial distribution system is investigated by computing the optimal site and size of DG to be placed. An analytical expression based on equivalent current injection has been derived by utilizing topological structure of radial distribution system to find optimal size of DG to minimize losses. In the presented formulation, the optimal DG placement is obtained without repeatedly computing the load flow. The proposed formulation can be used to find the optimal size of all types of DGs namely Type-I, Type-II, Type-III and Type-IV DGs. The investigations are carried out on IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution systems. The optimal DG placement results into reduction in active and reactive power losses and improvement in voltage profile of the buses.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2011

Nicolau syndrome is a rare adverse reaction at the site of an intramuscular injection, and is characterized by severe pain immediately after the injection and rapid development of distinct skin lesions. As this syndrome is rare, it may be overlooked at the early clinical phase and subsequently, clinical outcomes may be worse due to delay in treatment. We report on a female who developed Nicolau syndrome following intramuscular diclofenac injection, which required surgical reconstruction. Understanding the characteristics of Nicolau syndrome and careful surveillance for relevant clinical features may help physicians to more quickly diagnose and treat this condition.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-252
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• 2012

Nicolau syndrome is a rare complication of intramuscular injection consisting of ischemic necrosis of skin, soft tissue, and muscular tissue that arises locoregionally. The characteristic pattern is pain around the injection site, developing into erythema, a livedoid dermatitis patch, and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle tissue. Three patients were injected with drugs (diclofenac sodium, ketoprofen, meperidine) for pain relief. Three patients complained of pain, and a skin lesion was observed, after which necrosis developed on their buttocks. Each patient underwent debridement and coverage. The wound healed uneventfully. We report three cases of Nicolau syndrome in the buttocks following diclofenac intramuscular injection.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.12-16
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• 2019

For optimal injection molding, various molding conditions should be combined well. Therefore, engineers should be thoroughly familiar with mold design, fabrication, and injection molding. The choice of resin among the various molding conditions is closely related to the productivity of the molded part and the deformation after molding, so the engineer must select the appropriate resin. Engineers work on the basis of data provided by resin manufacturers during molding. However, in actual molding work, it is necessary to apply values slightly different from those provided to obtain molded articles of desired performance. In this study, various deformations of molded products were compared with respect to crystalline resin and amorphous resin when molded according to the data provided by the resin maker and molded at the changed values at the work site.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.3 s.28
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• pp.107-110
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• 1976

A Witches'-broom disease of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) with which mycoplasma-like bodies are associated is wide spread in South Korea. Jujube trees with witches'-broom symptoms were selected from 15-20 year old planting and treated with solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramycin). Treatments were 1) one injection on April; 2) one postharvest injection on October; 3) two injections (April and July); 4) three injections (April, June and August) and 5) an untreated control. Each injection consisted of 500ml of 1,000 p.p.m. solution of oxytetracycline HCl transfused into affected trees from plastic reservoir through plastic tubes connected to 3 small holes drilled in the basal part of the tree trunks. Complete remission of witches'-broom symptoms was accomplished within one growing season by one spring (April) injection. One postharvest (Oct.) injection also prevented the symptoms in the following growing season. Two and three injection treatments prevented the symptoms for at least two growing seasons and restored previously severely diseased trees to normal or near normal conditions. Remission of symptoms was found only above the injection site while current season witches'-brooms developed from areas below the injection site and from untreated main scaffolds. The results of this experiment demonstrates that transfusion treatment with oxytetracyclin HCl is feasible for the practical control of witches'-broom of jujube.