• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.830-838
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 MIA로 퇴행성관절염을 유도한 랫드에 방사선 형질전환 차조기가 골 대사 및 염증 반응에 미치는 효과를 평가하였다. 방사선 형질전환 차조기를 2주 동안 25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 경구 투여하고 랫드의 우측 관절 내 공간에 MIA를 주입하였다. 이후 동일한 용량을 4주 동안 지속 투여하였다. 혈청 바이오마커와 무릎 관절 분석의 형태학 및 조직병리학적 분석에 기초한 치료 효과를 평가하였다. 대조군 랫드와 비교하였을 때 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 혈청 내 염증 및 골 대사 마커(COX-2, LTB4, MMP-3, COMP)의 생성량을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이와는 다르게 TIMP-1 및 calcitonin의 생성이 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 무릎 연골과 활막을 효과적으로 보존하였다. 그 결과, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 증상을 예방하고 완화였다. 따라서, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 관리를 위한 식·의약품 소재로 사용될 수 있다.

• 대한간호
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 1993

This study was done in order La provide basic data to a Fee System for hospital based Home Health Care services in Korea in the future. It was done by investigating activities provided to possible Home Health Care clients who could be discharged early from genera] hospitals and then estimating the nursing care fee according to each nursing activity based upon the time used for activity. The subjects of the study were selected by convenience sampling and consisted of 35 clients who might be clients for Home Nursing Care and were presently admitted to a medical- surgical ward of Y University Medical Center located in Seoul, Korea. The data collection period was from September 1, 1991 to September 30, 1991. The research in strum nets utilized for the study were a client selection criterial for Home Health Care developed by Choo(l991) and a check-list of nursing activity developed by researcher. The results of the study were as follows : 1. There were 44 different nursing activities provided in the seven days but the time was calculated for only 25 of the nursing activities. 2. Fees for the 25 different nursing activities were calculated by multipling the median of the average wage of a staff nurse having five years experience in an A grade general hospital to the Lime of the nursing activity. The results were compared with the insurance fee which the government recognized as an appropriate fee for that activity. The nursing activities with a lower calculated fee than the insurance fee were suction, catheterization, exercise education and dressing change. The nursing activities with a higher calculated fee than the government recognized fee were 1M injection and vital sign check. 3. There was a range of 1-15 nursing activities provided daily to the client. For the average number of nursing activities per day of 6.26 events the nursing care fee was calaulated at W 6136 per day. 4. Based upon the results of the study, a recommentdation for a Home Health Care fee per visit based on the nursing activities provided could be formulated for a Home Health Care fee system. It could be formulated as following: 1) Home health Care fee per visit $=[(direct{\;} nursing{\;}fee(direct{\;}nursing{\;}care{\;}time{\;}per{\;}activity{\;}{\times}{\;}average{\;}nursing{\;}wage)+indirect fee]{\times}average$ nursing activity per visit]+management fee+ materials fee+a travel fee In this way a nursing fee could be calculated based upon the result of the study of the nursing fees per visit. 2) Nursing activity fees per visit. = $([direct nursing{\;}care{\;}fee+indirect{\;}nursing{\;}fee]{\times}average$ number of nursing activities provided per visit] (W 6, 136) + travel fee(\ 5, 542) +management fee material $fee({\alpha})\{\;}16, 436+{\alpha}$ The nursing fee per visit as calculated in this research of $\{\;}15, 0000+{\alpha}$ could be adjusted according to the patient's condition or the use of high technology nursing care or according to the amount of time spent for travel. The nursing care fee per visit presented in this study can be validated through a Home Health Care demonstration project.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The gastric ulcer is a common disorder of the stomach and duodenum. The basic physiopathology of a gastric ulcer results from an imbalance between some endogenous aggressive and cytoprotective factors. This study examined whether Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture (GLP) would provide protection against acute gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups of 8 rats each: normal, control, normal saline (NP) and GLP groups. The experimental acute gastric ulcer was induced by using an EtOH/HCl solution and the normal group received the same amount of normal saline instead of ethanol. The NP and the GLP groups were treated once with injections of saline and GLP, respectively. Two local acupoints were used: CV12 (中脘) which is the alarm point of the Stomach Meridian, and ST36 (足三里), which is the sea point of the Stomach Meridian. The stomachs from the rats in each group were collected and analyzed for gross appearance and histology. Also, immunohistochemistry staining for BAX, Bcl-2 and TGF-${\beta}1$ was performed. Results: Histological observations of the gastric lesions in the control group showed comparatively extensive damage of the gastric mucosa and necrotic lesions had penetrated deeply into the mucosa. The lesions were long, hemorrhagic, and confined to the glandular portions. The lesions were measured microscopically by using the clear depth of penetration into the gastric mucosal surface. The length and the width of the ulcer were measured and the inhibition percentage was calculated. Wound healing of the acute gastric ulcer was promoted by using GLP, and significant alterations of indices in gastric mucosa were observed. Such protection was shown by gross appearance, histology and immunohistochemistry staining for BAX, Bcl-2 and TGF-${\beta}1$. Conclusion: These results suggest that GLP administered at CV12 and ST36 can provide significant protection to the gastric mucosa against an ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제27권10호
• /
• pp.1081-1089
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 기존에 중유를 사용하는 상용보일러에서 오리멀젼 연료의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 소형 보일러에서 오리멀젼 연료의 기본적인 연소특성을 실험과 더불어 수치해석하였다. 오리멀젼의 주요 연소특성은 최고 화염온도가 버너로부터 $20{\sim}30\;cm 뒤쪽에 나타나는 화염지연현상과 비교적 넓게 분포하는 화염의 형태로 이는 오리멀젼 제조과정에서 포함된 높은 수분함량과 미세한 수부액적으로 이한 미소폭발 현상에 기인한다. 오리멀젼 연료의 연소특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 연료공급량, 무화유체의 종류, 그리고 계산에 사용된 현상학적인 복사모델과 같은 중요한 설계 및 운전인자에 대한 일련의 변수연구를 수행하였다. 연소특성인 최고 화염온도 지연현상은 연료공급 속도를 조절함으로써 어느 정도 저감시킬 수 있었으며 연소생성물로 CO와 $SO_2$ 그리고 NO가스의 연소로 내 발생특성을 평가하였다. 또한 무화용 유체로 증기를 사용하였을 경우 로내 연소상태는 무화용 공기에 비해 안정화 되고 고온영역이 감소되는 결과를 보였다. 일반적으로 본 연구에서 수행한 실험조건에 대한 수치해석 결과는 물리적으로 일관성 있는 결과를 제시하였으나 오염물질 생성농도에 대한 보다 정확한 예측을 위해서는 추후 현상학적인 모델개선을 필요로 한다. 결국 본 연구로부터 개발된 컴퓨터 프로그램은 기존의 상용화 중유 보일러에서 오리멀젼 연료로 대체 사용시 개선사항 및 유용한 운전 자료를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제39권10호
• /
• pp.549-555
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 오존용해탱크 구조에 따라 마이크로오존버블의 분포, 에너지 소비, 수처리 효율이 어떻게 변하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 오존용해탱크 내부의 격판은 압력의 변화, 전단력, 선회유동을 발생시키고 이는 버블 직경의 크기에 변화를 준다. 버블 직경의 크기는 내부의 격판에 따라 10.5%까지 차이가 났다. 오존 버블 직경의 변화는 에너지 소비와 관련이 깊다. 오존 버블이 작아질수록 버블생성에너지는 높아지지만 용존 효율이 올라가면서 오존생산에너지는 줄어들게 된다. 따라서 버블생성에너지와 오존생산에너지의 합이 최소인 마이크로오존버블을 생성하는 오존용해탱크를 선정하여야 한다. 동일한 양의 오존가스을 방류수에 주입하기 위해 소비된 에너지는 내부의 격판에 따라 2.5%까지 차이가 났다. 하지만 수처리 효율까지 고려한다면 오존용해탱크 선정 조건이 달라진다. 오존 버블이 작아질수록 증가하는 자유라디칼이 수처리에 매우 효율적이기 때문이다. 동일한 오존주입농도에서도 내부의 격판에 따라 수처리 효율이 10.4%까지 차이가 났다. 따라서 수처리 효율과 에너지 효율을 고려하여 합리적인 마이크로오존버블을 생성하는 오존용해탱크 구조에 대하여 연구하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.228-233
• /
• 2011

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of GnRH antagonist multiple-dose protocol (MDP) with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) pretreatment in poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI, compared with GnRH antagonist MDP without OCP pretreatment and GnRH agonist low-dose long protocol (LP). Methods: A total of 120 poor responders were randomized into three groups according to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) options; GnRH antagonist MDP after OCP pretreatment (group 1), GnRH antagonist MDP without OCP pretreatment (group 2) or GnRH agonist luteal low-dose LP without OCP pretreatment (group 3). Patients allocated in group 1 were pretreated with OCP for 21days in the cycle preceding COS, and ovarian stimulation using recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) was started 5 days after discontinuation of OCP. Results: There were no differences in patients' characteristics among three groups. Total dose and days of rhFSH used for COS were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 1 or 2. The numbers of mature oocytes, fertilized oocytes and grade I, II embryos were significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 or 3. There were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate among three groups. Conclusion: GnRH antagonist MDP with OCP pretreatment is at least as effective as GnRH agonist low-dose LP in poor responders and can benefit the poor responders by reducing the amount and duration of FSH required for follicular maturation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.232-238
• /
• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of topical and intravenous heparin on thrombosis and patency in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins. Nine white rabbits weighing about 2 kg were used. After exposure of both femoral veins, the veins were crushed by the jaws of smooth needle holder in order to create a thrombosis model. Transectional incision was made in the vein. The animals were then divided into 3 groups based on the administration method of heparin: 1) Experimental Group I, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution (n=6); 2) Experimental Group 2, topical irrigation of lumen with heparin saline solution and intravenous injection of heparin (0.75 mg/kg) via the marginal ear vein for 3 days; 3) Control Group, topical irrigation of lumen with saline solution (n=6). The patency was evaluated with empty-and-refill test and thrombus formation was judged by surgical microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Thirty minutes after microvascular anastomosis, the patency of all Experimental Groups was better than Control group. However, there was no significant difference among groups. 2. Three days after anastomosis, the patency of all Experimental Groups was much more improved than that of Control Group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between Experimental Group 1 and 2. 3. Three days after anastomosis, the amount of thrombus in all Experimental Groups was much less than that of Control Group (P<0.05). 4. In histologic findings a lot of luminal thrombus were observed around sutured area in Control Groups. Few luminal thrombus was observed in all Experimental Groups. Mild necrosis in the vessel wall was observed around sutured area in all specimens. These results indicate that topical irrigation of heparin may improve the patency and inhibit the formation thrombus in the microvascular anastomosis of the traumatized veins.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2004

Objects:It has been reported that the incidence of tardive dyskinesia(TD), the remarkable abnormal involuntary movement, was higher in the schizophrenics with high blood sugar levels and that TD had been improved by small amount of insulin-injection for 90 days. And also it was generally known that the blood lipids were higher in the schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia. Thus, we tried to replicate the correlations of abnormal involuntary movements with blood sugar levels and blood lipids in chronic schizophrenics treated with antipsychotics. Methods:Thirty-eight male schizophrenic inpatients who were stable in clinical state with medications, were included. The patients who had been already diagnosed as diabetes mellitus(DM), organic brain disorder, substance- related disorder, physical illness were excluded and also we excluded female patients to remove the hormonal effect on TD. Eleven patients who ranked higher(above five) in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS) were assigned into 2 groups, a dibenese group and a placebo group. Diabinese or placebos were administrated for 3 weeks with antipsychotics and AIMS was rechecked. Results:There were no correlations between the total AIMS scores and blood sugar and lipids levels in all subjects. The means of total and subscale scores(objective, face, and extremity) of AIMS did not reveal statistical significances between diabinese and placebo groups. However(total, jaw, face, upper arm, and objective feeling), were statistically higher in the diabinese group than those in the placebo group. And correlations of total cholesterol(TC) with fast blood sugar(FBS), weight with body mass index(BMI) and waist, total glycerol (TG) with BMI were statistically significant. Conclusion:In this study, there were statistical significances in the changes in ratings of AIMS scores between the diabinese group and the placebo group. Application of oral hypoglycemic agent might be a way of improving abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenics with abnormal involuntary movements or TD. Althogugh it was not certain that there were correlations of abnormal involuntary movement with blood sugar and lipids, correlations of TC/TG with AIMS, of FBS with AIMS cautiously suggest that the regular check of $HbA_1C$, waist, and weight are recommended for schizophrenics.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.834-840
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 선박용 엔진을 활용하여 E2, E3 사이클 시험 결과로부터 연료 내 황 함유량 변화에 따른 대기오염물질 배출 특성을 조사하였다. 테스트를 위해 사용된 엔진은 360 PS의 엔진(Doosan L126TIH engine)을 활용하였고, 동력계로는 Horiba-Schenck사의 400급 동력계인 W400을 사용하였다. 엔진에서 발생되는 대기오염물질 계측을 위해서는 오스트리아 AVL사의 FTIR과 SPC 장비를 배기라인 후단에 장착해서 사용하였다. 실험 결과로는 E2, E3 사이클 모두에서 연료 내 황 함유량이 증가할수록 THC와 CO의 단위 출력 당 배출량은 감소하고 입자상물질은 증가하였다. 연료의 황 함유량이 증가할수록 동점도가 증가되어 엔진의 연료소모율이 좋아지는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 본 연구에 사용된 엔진의 경우 연료 분사압력이 일정한 상태에서 동점도 증가에 따른 분무입자의 평균입경이 커짐에 따른 연소상태가 개선되었기 때문이라 생각되어진다. 질소산화물의 경우 이번 연구에서는 황함유량의 변화에도 배출량에서는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.367-381
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 강관다단 그라우팅 공법의 Seal재의 배합비 결과에 대한 연구이다. 현재 국내에는 Seal재의 적정 겔화시간 및 초결시간에 대한 명확한 기준이 없는 실정이며, 이를 확인할 수 없어 품질관리에도 어려움이 있다. 이에 Seal재의 배합비를 4가지로 구성하여 실내 실험을 진행하였으며, 이를 통해 겔화시간 및 블리딩양을 확인하였다. 또한 비카트침 관입 실험을 통해 초결시간을 확인하고 각 배합비의 비교를 진행하였다. 그리고 W/C 120%에 대한 추가적인 실험을 통해 교반 속도와 시간이 Seal재에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 실내실험을 기반으로 총 3가지의 배합비에 대한 현장 실험을 진행하였으며, 시료의 초결시간 확인 및 본주입을 통한 구근 형성 크기와 강도를 비교하였다. 비교 결과 W/C가 낮을수록 강도가 강하고 구근의 크기가 크며, 초결 시간이 빠르게 나타나는 결과를 확인하였다. 겔화시간과 초결시간 결과를 통해 실제 현장에 적용 시 W/C 120%의 배합비가 가장 적절할것으로 나타났다.