• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4682-4691
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• 2014

반하백출천마탕은 다양한 약리활성을 가진 전통한방처방이다. 본 연구는 한방처방의 품질관리를 위한 기초자료로서, 고성능액체 크로마토그래피 (RP-HPLC)을 이용한 반하백출천마탕에서 12종 지표성분 Homogentisic acid, Hesperidin, Naringin, Alisol A, Atractylenolide II, Atractylenolide III, Ginsenoside Rg1, Formononetin, Gastrodin, Berberine, Palmatine, 6-gingerol를 동시분석 하였다. 표준액은 상업용 $C_{18}$ 역상 컬럼과 이동상으로 물(0.1% TFA)과 아세토나이트릴을 사용하여 기울기용매조성법인 유속은 1.0mL/min, 주입부피는 $10{\mu}L$, 컬럼오븐 온도 $40^{\circ}C$, 파장 200, 220, 280, 340nm에서 수행되었다. 이 결과 모든 표준성분의 검량선은 우수한 직선성 $r^2$ >0.999으로 나타내었다. 또한 검출한계(LOD)와 정량한계(LOQ)는 $0.012{\sim}0.878{\mu}g/mL$ 및 $0.009{\sim}0.290{\mu}g/mL$, 정밀성 intra-day와 inter-day는 0.07~1.21%및 0.20~0.90%, 회수율은 97.17~108.40%, 각각의 함량은 매우 미미한 변화를 타나내었다. 이 연구결과는 실험적으로 입증된 동시분석법의 확립에 따라 반하백출천마탕의 품질평가를 효율적으로 보여주었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2012

A simple new method was developed for the determination of betaine in Fructus Lycii using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HILIC-ELSD). Good chromatographic separation and reasonable betaine retention was achieved on a Kinetex HILIC column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $2.6{\mu}m$) packed with fused-core particle. The mobile phase consisted of (A) acetonitrile and (B) 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (90/10, v/v). It was used with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The column temperature was set at $27.5^{\circ}C$ and the injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. The ELSD drift tube temperature was $50^{\circ}C$ and the nebulizing gas (nitrogen) pressure was 3.0 bar. Stachydrine, a zwitterionic compound, was used as an internal standard. Calibration curve over $10-250{\mu}g/mL$ showed good linearity ($R^2$ > 0.9992) and betaine in the 70% methanol extract of Fructus Lycii was well separated from other peaks. Intraand inter-day precision ranged from 1.1 to 3.0% and from 2.4 to 5.3%, respectively, while intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 100.0 to 107.0% and from 94.3 to 103.9%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was $10{\mu}g/mL$ and the recoveries were in the range of 98.2-102.7%. The developed HILIC-ELSD method was successfully applied to quantitatively determine the amount of betaine in fourteen Fructus Lycii samples from different locations, demonstrating that this method is simple, rapid, and suitable for the quality control of Fructus Lycii.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 도심지역 중소하천의 효율적인 수질정화를 위해 물리화학적, 생물학적 처리공정을 결합한 장치형 하천수질정화공법의 적용성을 평가하는데 있다. 본 연구의 하천정화시설은 TSS 및 TP 제거를 위한 가압부상(Micro Bubble Process, MBP)공정과, BOD 제거를 위한 관로형 미생물 부착(Attached Microbial Pipe System, AMPS)공정으로 구성하였다. 각 장치의 실험 조건은 MBP 공정의 부상조 체류시간 및 초미세기포 주입량 변화와 AMPS 공정의 체류시간의 변화를 설정하였다. 또한 계절 변화에 따른 각 공정의 오염원 제거효율을 평가하였다. 각 공정의 연속운전 결과 MBP 공정에서는 최대 TSS 83.69%, TP 95.15%의 처리효율을 나타냈으며, AMPS 공정의 TBOD5 제거효율은 최대 53.0%를 나타냈다. 또한 각 공정의 순환운전 결과 MBP 공정에 의해 최대 TSS 69.75%, TP 70.17%의 처리효율을 나타냈으며, AMPS 공정에 의해 TBOD5 제거효율은 최대 68.58%를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 하천정화시설은 도심지역 내 오염된 하천의 수질을 개선하는데 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2001

염색체 이상유발물질인 benzo($\alpha$)yrene(B($\alpha$)P) 을 마우스에 50, 100, 그리고 150 mg/kg으로 투여한 경우의 소핵생성은 각각 6.6$\pm$0.6, 9.2$\pm$0.6 그리고 10.4$\pm$0.9로서 농도증가에 비례적으로 증가하였으며, 대조군에서는 1.4$\pm$0.4의 소핵생성을 나타내었다. B($\alpha$ )P을 150 mg/kg과 참취뿌리 에탄올 추출물을 각각 50. 100, 150 그리고 200 mg/kg으로 동시에 투여한 경우 각각 24.50, 22.55, 59.80 그리고 79.41%의 소핵생성 억제효과를 나타내었다. 참취뿌리 용매분획물 실험에서는 헥산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 및 물분획물이 시료농도인 10 mg/kg의 투여군에서 양성대조군에 비해 각각 3.9, 35.3, 40.2, 11.8 및 49.0%의 소핵생성 억제율을 나타내었다. 시료농도 80 mg/kg의 투여군에서는 양성대조군에 비해 각각 78.4. 65.7. 75.5, 68.6 그리고 77.5%의 소핵생성 억제율을 나타내었다. 참취뿌리 에탄올추출물의 용매분획물은 80 mg/kg의 투여농도에서 비교적 높게 소핵생성 억제율이 나타났다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2007

Objective : The 5-HMF was not index material suitable to do the quality control of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. In this study, We estimated the changes of oligosaccharide contents in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection(HPAEC-PAD). Methods : The analysis of oligosaccharide was conducted by HPAEC-PAD with Carbopac PA1, $250{\times}4mm$, 5um, and Carbopac PA1 guard column. Column temperature was kept at $30^{\circ}C$. Elution was carried out at 1000 ${\mu}l/min$ with 70mM NaOH and the injection volume was $10{\mu}l$. Each component was detected by PAD. Results : Nine constituents were found from merchandising Rehmanniae Radix Preparata(MR), while seven constituents were found in various processed Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. Not all constituents were defined but stachyose and raffinose were found in all cases. And The most common constituents of Rehmanniae radix was stachyose. In the course of processing, most of stachyose and raffinose were decreased. Stachyose was decreased slowly in the course of processing with rice wine(RR), amomi and rice wine(AR), and crataegi and rice wine(CR). However stachyose was decreased rapidly in the course of processing with fresh rehmannia juice(FR). The method with crataegi and rice wine(CR) showed the smallest decrease of stachyose. And processing method with crataegi and rice wine(CR) showed the most abundant amount for stachyose after the nineth processing. Conclusion : The changes of oligosaccharides in the course of processing were a very important direct barometers to do the quality control and set up a standard of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Collarless metal ceramic fixed partial dentures(FPDs) had an esthetic problem such as opaque reflection in cervical region. To overcome this, modified coping which removed its facial cervical metal could be used. The marginal quality could be worsen according to the amount of its facial metal reduction. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate marginal fits of collarless metal ceramic FPDs with retainers of modified copings. Material and method. Dentoform maxillary left central incisor and right lateral incisor were prepared for 3-unit collarless metal ceramic FPD and fixed in yellow stone. This model was duplicated to PBT resin dies via CAD/CAM and injection molding. Four different facial margin design groups were investigated. Group A was a coping with a thin facial metal collar, group B was a collarless coping with its facial metal to the shoulder, group C was a collarless coping with its facial metal 1 mm short of the shoulder, and group D was a collarless coping with its facial metal 2 mm short of the shoulder. Seven collarless metal ceramic FPDs per group were fabricated. They were cemented to PBT resin dies with resin cement. After removal of pontics, each retainers were separated and observed under Accura 2000 optical microscope. Then, retainers were embeded in orthodontic resin and cross sectioned faciopalatally. Internal marginal fits of midfacial porcelain margins were observed under FE-SEM. Result and conclusion. Within the limitations of this in vitro study. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. Mean marginal gaps of collarless FPDs were in the $50-60{\mu}m$ range. 2. In midfacial margin, marginal discrepancies were greater in group A than in the experimental groups(p<0.05). 3. In midpalatal margin, marginal gaps were greater in group C and D than in group A and B(p<0.05). 4. Marginal fits of porcelain margins were better than those of metal margins in collarless metal ceramic FPDs. 5. In both teeth, internal marginal gaps of group C and D were greater than those of group A and B(p<0.05).

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

One of the effective ways to reduce both $NO_x$ and PM at the same time in a diesel CI engine is to operate the engine in low temperature combustion (LTC) regimes. In general, two strategies are used to realize the LTC operation-dilution controlled LTC and late injection LTC - and in this study, the former approach was used. In the dilution controlled regime, LTC is achieved by supplying a large amount of EGR to the cylinder. The significant EGR gas increases the heat capacity of in-cylinder charge mixture while decreasing oxygen concentration of the charge, activating low temperature oxidation reaction and lowering PM and $NO_x$ emissions. However, use of high EGR levels also deteriorates combustion efficiency and engine power output. Therefore, it is widely considered to use increased intake pressure as a way to resolve this issue. In this study, the effects of intake pressure variations on performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine operated in LTC regimes were examined. LTC operation was achieved in less than 8% $O_2$ concentration and thus a simultaneous reduction of both PM and $NO_x$ emission was confirmed. As intake pressure increased, combustion efficiency was improved so that THC and CO emissions were decreased. A shift of the peak Soot location was also observed to lower $O_2$ concentration while $NO_x$ levels were kept nearly zero. In addition, an elevation of intake pressure enhanced engine power output as well as indicated thermal efficiency in LTC regimes. All these results suggested that LTC operation range can be extended and emissions can be further reduced by adjusting intake pressure.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2013

Chloropicrin은 국내에서는 사용되지 않으며, 잔류허용기준이 불검출로 설정된 농약이다. 그러나 중국에서는 훈증제, 살균제, 살선충제 및 저장 곡물의 살충제로 사용되고 있으며, 잔류허용기준이 설정되어 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국 등에서 수입하는 식품 중 국내에서 사용하지 않는 농약에 대한 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 해당 농약을 신속하고 빠르게 검출할 수 있는 시험법을 개발하고자 하였다. Chloropicrin은 분자량이 작고 휘발성이 큰 화합물이므로 헤드스페이스 추출법을 활용하여 검체 추출액을 직접 GC에 주입하는 시험법을 개발하였으며, 확립된 시험법을 검증한 결과 회수율이 77.7~79.3%로 조사되어 코덱스 국제가이드라인(CAC/GL 40)에 적합함을 확인하였다. 정량한계 또한 0.05 mg/kg 이하로 매우 우수한 감도를 가지고 있음을 확인하였으며, GC-MS를 이용한 재확인과정을 추가로 확립하여 본 시험법의 신뢰도를 높였다. 확립된 시험법은 식품에 잔류할 수 있는 농약의 기준 준수여부에 대한 적합성을 판단하기 위한 공정시험법으로 활용되고 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2008

Purpose: Due to increasing interest in the treatment of spinal cord injuries, many histopathological studies have been conducted to prove that many neurotrophic factors including growth hormone are important for regeneration of the injured spinal cord. Growth hormone has to be given everyday, however, and this negatively affects compliance in clinical trials. Recently, the invention of sustained release growth hormone (SRGH) that can be given just once a week may both help the regeneration of injured spinal cord and, at the same time, be more compliant and convenient for clinical patients. Methods: In this study, thirty 7-week-old female Spraque-Dawley rats were subjected to a weight-driven impact spinal cord injury. They were divided into 3 groups and Group I and II were injected with SRGH once a week for 4 weeks; Group I were injected into the injured spinal cord area, while Group II were injected into the peritoneal cavity. Meanwhile, Group III were injected with normal saline solution. The functional outcome was evaluated using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan motor rating score and the inclined plane test was done 4 weeks after the first injection. Histopathological examination was performed at the same time and the amount of residual white matter was measured in all groups. Results: After 4 weeks, Groups I and II showed greater improvement than Group III(the control group) in the functional test. In the control group, invasion of atypical phagocytes, axonal degeneration, edema and cavity formation in the posterior site of spinal cord gray matter was observed in histopatholgical examination. The rate of residual white matter in Group III was less than in the other groups. Conclusion: Data showed significant functional and histopathological improvement in the groups treated with SRGH into the spinal and peritoneal cavity compared with the control group. SRGH is therefore beneficial because it helps with regeneration of the injured spinal cord and improves the compliance and convenience of patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

Purpose: Of various effects of relaxin, we assumed that anti-fibrotic effects, neovascularization effects and vasodilatation effects of relaxin might enhance the survival rate of skin flap. In the current study, we used adenovirus expressing relaxin genes to examine whether these genes could enhance the survival rate of a skin flap. Methods: A total of 30 Sprangue-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: RLX group (10; relaxin virus injected group), CTR group (10; no gene coded virus injection group), and PBS group (10; PBS injected group). Each group was intradermally injected with the virus ($10^7$ PFU) and PBS 48 hours before and immediately before the flap elevation. A distally based flap $3{\times}9\;cm$ in size was elevated on the dorsal aspect of each rat. Following this, a flap was placed in the original location and then sutured using a #4-0 Nylon. A surviving area of the flap was measured and then compared on postoperative days 3, 7 and 10. Using a laser Doppler, the amount of blood flow was measured. On postoperative day 10, tissues were harvested for histologic examination and the number of blood vessels was counted. Results: There was a significant increase in the area of the flap survival in the RLX group on postoperative days 3 and 7. The Doppler measurement also showed significantly increased blood flow immediately after the operation and on postoperative days 7 and 10. The number of blood vessels was significantly greater in the RLX group in the tissue harvested on postoperative day 10. The VEGF concentration was significantly higher in the RLX group than others in the tissues harvested on postoperative day 10. Conclusion: Following an analysis of the effects of relaxin-secreting adenovirus on the survival of a flap, the surviving area of the flap and the blood flow also increased. A histopathology also showed an increase in the number of blood vessels and the concentration of VEGF.