• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

3D 프린팅 기술은 4차 산업 혁명의 도래와 함께 다양한 산업 분야에서 주목받고 있다. 특히 정밀한 부품을 제작하는 기계, 항공 등의 산업에서 그 활용 사례가 증가하고 있으며 건축 산업 역시 3D 프린팅 기술을 활용한 사례가 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 현재 다양한 3D 프린팅용 소재가 개발 및 활용되고 잇지만, 3D 프린팅 제조는 사출 및 성형과 같은 기존 제조 방법과 비교하였을 때 제품의 기계적 특성이 달라질 가능성이 있다는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문은 3D 프린팅용 플라스틱 소재 중 널리 활용되고 있는 PA12 소재의 제품 제작 시 출력 방향이 제품의 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향을 검증하고 소재에 대한 이해를 확장시켜 건축 부자재 및 구조재로서의 활용 등의 실무적인 활용에 대한 기초 자료를 제공한다. 실험은 출력 방향의 영향을 확인하기 위해 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° 방향의 제품을 출력하였으며 인장 강도 실험을 통하여 인장 강도, 항복 강도, 연신율을 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 0° 방향으로 출력한 제품이 전반적으로 가장 낮은 강도와 연신율을 보였으며 45° 방향으로 출력한 제품이 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 또한 전반적으로 0°부터 45° 사이에서는 인장강도와 항복 강도가 상승하였으며, 45°부터 90° 에서는 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1543-1555
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• 2000

Home health care is moving into a set of new realities. An era of competition and cost containment has arrived. Before nurses are able to contain costs or describe the relationship between nursing activities, cost must be accurately measured based on the nurse's workload. Nurses in home health care usually desire to measure expenses for one of three reasons : reimbursement, management, or research. The purpose of the study was to investigate the work input by Registered Nurse in each of the home health care activities by relative value units and identify the factors affecting the nurses' total work input in health care services. To measure the work input by nurses, work was defined by four dimensions: time, physical effort, mental effort, and stress. This study used a descriptive-correlational design. Data collection consisted of two phases. In phase I, data on home health activities performed by nurses were collected. In phase II, data on nurses' time, physical effort, mental effort, and stress in each of home health care activities discovered phase I were collected. In this method, the respondent was asked to rate a service in relation to a reference service using a ratio scale. The sample included 39 home health care nurses. The results of the study indicated that home health care activities performed by the nurses were in 10 categories and 69 items. Measuring the relative work inputs in each of home health care activities, and foley catheterization was selected as the reference to service. In terms of time and physical effort dimensions, full bath service was rated as the most strenuous among 69 activities by the respondents, and intramuscular injection was rated as least. It was found that emergency treatment required the highest mental effort and the highest stress, while blood sugar tests required the lowest mental effort. Approximately 91.3% of the variance in total work input was accounted for by the linear combination of time, physical effort, mental effort judgement, and stress. Examining the regression coefficients of those variables, physical effort, time, and stress were found as the predictors which were significantly associated with the total work of nurses in home health care. Professional nursing's next step in the conundrum of economic volatility is to develop a tool to reflect the interaction of functional deficiency and direct professional nursing care. And this will be a more accurate predictor of nursing resource use and ultimately a great forcaeter cost.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

외부에서 주입된 비간섭성 광원 (BLS: Broadband Light Source)에 파장 잠김된 패브리 페롯 레이저 다이오드(wavelength-locked F-P LD: wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot Laser Diode)를 광원으로 사용해서 50 GHz의 채널 간격을 갖는 양방향 장거리 저송 35 채널 고밀도 파장분할 다중방식 수동형 광 가입자망 (DWDM-PON: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network)을 구현한다. 장거리 전송을 위해 F-P LD의 발진 모드를 제어하여 F-P LD에 주입이 요구되는 BLS 파워를 감소시키면서 출력 파워를 높인다. 결과적으로 광 증폭기의 사용 없이 70 km 단일 모드 광섬유를 통해 가입자당 100 Mb/s 이상의 대역폭을 제공하면서 모든 상하향 70 채널에서 손실 없이 이더넷 패킷을 전송하였다. 구현된 장거리 저송 DWDM-PON은 다수의 중앙국을 바이패스(Bypass)함으로써 메트로망과 가입자망을 통합할 수 있다. 또한, 구현한 DWDM-PON은 상용의 어븀 첨가 광섬유 증폭기를 광대역 광원으로 사용하여 80 가입자를 수용할 수 있으며, 반도체 광대역 광원을 사용하면, 100 가입자 이상의 수용이 가능하다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2015

Objectives: The method of analyzing urinary arsenic by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS) is generally used because it shows relatively greater sensitivity, low detection limits, low blocking action, and is simple to operate. In this study, the results of analysis according to three pre-reductants commonly used in the FI-HG-AAS method were compared with each other. Methods: To analyze urinary arsenic, nineteen urine samples were collected from adults aged 43-79 years old without occupational arsenic exposure. Analysis equipment was FI-HG-AAS (AAnalyst 800/FIAS 400, Perkin- Elmer Inc., USA). The three pre-reductants were potassium iodide (KI/AA), C3H7NO2S (L-cysteine), and a mixture of KI/AA and L-cysteine (KI/AA&L-cysteine). Results: In the results of the analysis, the recovery rate of the method using KI/AA was 82.3%, 95.7% for Lcysteine, and 123.5% for KI/AA and L-cysteine combined. When compared with the results by use of high performance liquid chromatography inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), the method using L-cysteine was the closest to those using HPLC-ICP-MS ($98.57{\mu}g/L$ for HPLC-ICP-MS; $74.96{\mu}g/L$ for L-cysteine; $69.23{\mu}g/L$ for KI/AA and L-cysteine; $13.06{\mu}g/L$ for KI/AA) and were significantly correlated (R2=0.882). In addition, they showed the lowest coefficient of variation in the results between two laboratories that applied the same method. Conclusion: The efficiency of hydride generation is considered highly important to the analysis of urinary arsenic via FI-HG-AAS. This study suggests that using L-cysteine as a pre-reductant may be suitable and the most rational among the FI-Hg-AAS methods using pre-reductants.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1996

For evaluating the suitability of human follicular fluid(HFF) as protein supplement in ART, this preliminary study was performed to examine the maturation promoting activity of HFF on mouse follicular oocytes in vitro. Mouse follicular oocytes were collected from ovaries of 21-28 day old ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with fine needle at 48 hours after PMSG injection. The oocytes were rinsed and cultured in modified Whittingham's $T_6$ medium containing purines or dbcAMP to maintain meiotic arrest, and different concentrations of HFF were added into the culture medium to examine the effect of HFF on releasing the oocytes from the suppressive influence of the meiotic inhibitors. As a control for HFF, the maturation promoting activity of human fetal cord serum(HFCS) was investigated and compared with the activity of HFF. While HFF was separated, by molecular weight(M.W), into high M.W. fraction(M.W>30,000) and low M.W. fraction(M.W<30,000) and the effects of the fractions on meiotic resumption were investigated in the presence of the meiotic inhibitors. Also hormone analysis was performed to compare the content of hormones in HFF with that in HFCS. Same concentrations of HFF and HFCS induced similar germinal vesicle break down(GVBD) rates of the oocytes meiotic arrested by purines(4mM hypoxanthine+0.75mM adenosine), but the extrusion rate of 1st polar body(PB) of the oocytes cultured in HFF(65.0%, P<0.05) was significantly higher than that(51.6%) in HFCS. While, in the presence of 200 M dbcAMP, the maturation promoting activity of HFF (GVBD: 70.5%, $p<10^{-6}$; 1st PB extrusion: 67.1%, $p<10^{-3}$) was significantly greater than that of HFCS(GVBD: 35.2%; 1st PB extrusion: 41.1%). The oocytes cultured in the fraction of HFF containing high M.W. components showed higher meiotic maturation rates than the oocytes cultured in the low M.W. fraction of HFF. Gonadotropins and $E_2$ were known to improve the completion of maturation changes, and the levels of these hormones were higher in HFF than in HFCS. Therefore, HFF was more effective than HFCS to use for promoting meiotic resumption of mouse oocytes in vitro.

• 지질공학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2002

본 논문은 화산암지역에 건설되는 비축기지를 대상으로 지표지질조사, 지표단열조사, 시추조사, 수리시험 결과 등을 토대로 지하수유동 수치모델 해석을 통하여 저유공동의 기밀성 요건을 만족시킬 수 있는 수벽시스템을 설정하고, 이러한 시스템 하에서의 공동유입량과 인접시설과의 수리간섭 영향을 평가하였다. 수리지질 안정성 해석을 위한 접근방법 3차원 연속체 수치모델링과 더불어 이의결과를 비교 또는 보완하기 위한 단열망 모델링 해석방법을 병행하였다. 저유공동의 심도를 결정하고 투수성단열의 확률적인 상호연결성 정도를 계산한 결과와 연직 수리경사, 수벽공 효율성, 저유공동과 수벽시스템간 이격거리 등의 제반 요건을 만족시키는 수벽시스템을 계산하였다. 연속체 모델에 의한 저유공동으로의 누수량은 건설기간 중에는 130 ~ 140m$^3$/day, 운영 중에는 약 120m$^3$/day일 것으로 예측되었고, 단열망 모델에서는 80~175m$^3$/day의 범위인 것으로 계산되었다. 신규 시설의 건설로 인하여 기존 시설지구의 함양유역 감소가 불가피하고, 이로 인하여 지하수위 강하 및 유동량의 감소가 발생될 것으로 예상되므로, 보수적인 관점에서 기준 지하수위를 유지하기 위하여 인공적인 수압을 가해줄 수 있는 별도의 지상 혹은 지하의 수직 수벽시스템이 요구된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.135-152
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• 1999

To investigate effects of Taraxaci herbal-acupuncture on Adjuvant Arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of total protein, albumin and globulin in the blood serum and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. 1. After elicitating arthritis of Sprague Dawely(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complets adjuvant for 2 weeks, saline was injected for the Exp. I group and Taraxaci herbal-acupuncture was injected for the Exp. II group during 30days. Selected point was $ST_{35}$ in both the groups. And then the volume of the paw were checked. The volume of paw was $0.84{\pm}0.14mm$ in the Exp. I group and $0.38{\pm}0.17mm$ in the Exp. II group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Exp. II group(p<0.05) 2. The number of WBC was $10.34{\pm}0.14(10^3/ml)$ in the normal group and $37.47{\pm}5.46(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. I group. It was $20.39{\pm}4.23(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II was more effective than the Exp. I group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05) 3. The content of the total protein in the blood serum was $6.14{\pm}0.43g/dl$ in the normal group, $7.95{\pm}0.94g/dl$ in the Exp. I group, and $6.38{\pm}1.75g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II was more effective than the Exp. I group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05) 4. The contents of albumin in the blood serum was $2.94{\pm}0.13g/dl$ in the normal group, $2.01{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the Exp. I group. and $2.71{\pm}0.34g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II was more effective than the Exp. I group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05) 5. The contents of globulin in the blood serum was $3.19{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the normal group, $4.70{\pm}1.26g/dl$ in the Exp. I group. and $3.67{\pm}0.56g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in the serum globulin between Exp. II group and Exp. I group from the stastical analysis 6. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in the Exp. I group. But the Exp. II group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state. From these results, it is showed Taraxaci herbal-acupuncture refrain inflammatory reaction and muscular tissue necrosis in SD rats paw were induced by Freund's complete adjuvant

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-109
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• 1999

To investigate effects of Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture on adjuvant arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of total protein, albumin and globuline in the blood serum and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. 1. After elicitating arthritis of Sprague dawley(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant for 2 weeks, normal saline was injected for the Exp. I group and Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was injected for the Exp. II group during 30days. Selected point was $D\acute{u}b\acute{i}(ST_{35})$ in both the groups. And then the volume of the paw were checked. The volume of the paw was $0.84{\pm}0.14mm$ in the Exp. I group and $0.47{\pm}0.11mm$ in the Exp.II group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Exp. II group(p<0.05). 2. The number of WBC was $10.34{\pm}0.14(10^3/ml)$ in the normal group and $37.47{\pm}5.46(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. I group. It was $21.24{\pm}2.58(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II with Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was more effective than the Exp. II group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05). 3. The content of the total protein in the blood serum was $6.14{\pm}0.43g/dl$ in the normal group, $7.95{\pm}0.94g/dl$ in the Exp. I group, and $6.41{\pm}0.68g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in total protein between the Exp. II group and the Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 4. The content of albumin in the blood serum was $2.94{\pm}0.13g/dl$ in the normal group, $2.01{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in Chang Tong-young the Exp. I group and $3.15{\pm}0.27g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the Exp. II group had significant increase in the serum albumin from the statistical analysis compared with the Exp. I group. 5. The content of the globulin in the blood serum was $3.19{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the normal group, $4.70{\pm}1.26g/dl$ in the Exp. I group and $3.26{\pm}0.57g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in the serum globulin between the Exp. II group and Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 6. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in the Exp. I group. But the Exp. II group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2010

Chloral hydrate와 hydroxizine을 이용한 경구진정법은 적용대상의 나이와 체중에 따라 제한을 받는다. 일반적으로 경구 진정법은 36개월 미만, 체중 15 kg 미만의 환아에서 가장 좋은 진정 효과를 보인다. 그러나 36개월 이상 또는 15 kg 이상의 환아에 대해서는 경구진정법이 적절한 진정 효과를 얻는데 한계를 가지며, 얕은진정으로 인해 시술 중 잦은 움직임을 보여 쉽게 진정에 실패하게 된다. 진정 실패 시 고려 할 수 있는 대안은 추가적인 약제 투여로 인한 재진정의 유도나, 좀 더 깊은진정 법으로의 전환이 있다. 그러나 깊은진정법으로의 전환은 환아의 움직임과 동통의 감소를 위해 흡입마취제 및 마취기계가 요구되어 외래 진료실에서는 쉽게 선택되지 못한다. EMLA cream(Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthesia)은 피부의 도포마취를 위해 널리 사용되고 있는 약제로 본 증례에서는 이를 이용하여 자극 없이 정주진정 경로를 확보하여 경구진정에서 정주진정으로의 전환에 성공하였다. 만 46개월, 체중 15 kg 남아가 다발성 우식을 주소로 단국대학교 치과대학 병원 소아치과에 내원하였다. 일반적인 행동조절 하에 치료 권유하였으나 보호자의 요구에 의해 경구진정 시도하였으며, 경구진정 실패를 고려하여 복용 전 EMLA cream을 사전 도포하였다. 경구 복용 90분 경과 뒤에도 진정효과를 얻지 못하여 보호자의 동의하에 아산화질소를 이용하여 얕은진정 유도 후, EMLA cream 도포 부위에 정맥로를 확보하였다. 총 시술 시간 2시간 30분으로 특별한 부작용 없이 성공적으로 시술을 완료하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 1995

최근 비단가리비가 새로운 양식품종으로 관심이 높다. 자연에서의 치패는 절대 부족하므로 인공종묘 생산이 필수적이다. 1993년 7월부터 1994년 5월까지 거제군 장목면 실전리 지선과 통영해역에서 수집한 모패로 인공종묘 생산을 시도했다. 산란은 수온이 상승하는 3월부터 고수온기에 걸쳐 간헐적으로 일어났고 산란성기는 7월로 간주되었다 간출자극, 온도자극, 화학자극을 단독 또는 병행실시하여도 성숙상태만 좋으면 어느 경우에도 산란유발에는 어렵지 않았다. 그 중, serotonin 주사에 의한 화학자극에다 간출, 온도자극을 병행한 방법이 가장 효과가 있었다. 수정난의 수용밀도는 부화율에 많은 영향을 미쳤는데 정상적인 발생을 위 한 밀도는 1ml 당 $30\~40$개이었다. 부착기 유생의 평균각장은 $155{\mu}m$ 였으며, 수정에서 부착기유생까지는 수온 11.5\~13.0^{\circ}C$에서 27일이 소요되었다. 먹이생물은 Isochrysis galvana와 Chaetoceros calcitrans 이었다. 사육시의 유생의 적정밀도는 10 마리/ml이었다.