• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 1998

Numerous chemical agents have been developed to reduce the activity of cariogenic bacteria. Of these, chlorhexidine is acknowledged as the most effective. Gel and mouthrinse have been the traditional method of its application in the mouth. It has been reported that chlorhexidine varnish has prolonged inhibitory effect on the number of streptococcus mutans in saliva and plaque. Recently, chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant have been developed to promote prolonged anticariogenic effect of chlorhexidine. Products containing 10% chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant have been developed to prevent caries by reducing the number of streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant on streptococcus mutans in the primary dentition. Children with primary dentition containing no active carious lesion were divided into two groups. To the experimental group (n=11), chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant ($Chlorzoin^{(R)}$, Knowell Therapeutic Technologies, Inc. Canada.) was applied once a week for four weeks according to the manufacturer's instruction. Only oral prophylaxis was performed on the control group(n=7). Caries activity was measured after using $Cariescreen^{(R)}$SM (Knowell Therapeutic Technologies, Inc. Canada,) to incubate streptococcus mutans before and 5, 12, 24 weeks after initial varnish application. The following results were observed.; 1. There was statistically significant decrease in the number of streptococcus mutans in the experimental group for 5 weeks(P<0.01), 12 weeks(P<0.05) after the initial application. but, by 24 weeks significant difference had disappeared. 2. As the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine varnish and polyurethane sealant application is not everlasting, reapplication at 12-24 weeks should be needed.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2017

The purpose of study was to analyze the types of dental treatment and their frequencies in a charity dental clinic for the disabled people, and to figure out baseline data for developing oral health policies. This study was based on the 141 patient records who visited the charity free dental clinic between 2011 and 2016. Data were evaluated according to gender, types of disability, types of treatment, and the average number of caries. The number of dental treatment according to sex was 70% for men and 30% for women. Patients were classified according to types of disability. The most common type of disability is intellectual disabilities (53.9%). After that, developmental disabilities were 37.5%, and brain lesions were 8.51%. The highest frequency of dental treatment is preventive treatment (45.1%). The mean number of dental caries was higher than the number of initial dental caries in all types of disability. Preventive oral care education and regular oral screening are necessary for the oral health of patients with disabilities.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

In this study, we observed the penetration of the resin infiltrant into natural initial caries by SEM and CLSM, evaluated the pH and viscosity of resin infiltrant and several adhesives(All-bond 2, Scotchbond Multi-purpose, Clearfil SE bond), and measured the surface roughness and the microhardness on permanent teeth before and after applied resin infiltrant into initial enamel caries. The viscosity(Pa.s) was observed for resin infiltrant($0.173{\pm}0.012$), All-bond 2($0.754{\pm}0.030$), Scotchbond Multi-purpose($1.46{\pm}0.137$), and Clearfil SE bond($1.28{\pm}0.125$). The pH was measured for resin infiltrant (4.7), All-bond 2(7.5), Scotchbond Multi-purpose(8.2), and Clearfil SE bond(4.67). An application procedure of resin infiltrant increased the surface roughness and the microhardness insignificantly(p>0.05), when compared to non-applied specimens.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.345-351
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to compare microleakage and penetration depths of sealants applied in carious and sound fissures. Extracted premolars(n=80) were divided into 4 groups according to caries status. 1; sound, 2; stained, 3; initial caries, 4; enamel caries. Sealants were applied to the occlusal groove as per manufacturers' instructions, and specimens were thermocycled, stained, sectioned, and examined for microleakage and penetration ability. The results of the present study are as follow: 1. It showed significantly higher microleakage scores in group I than group Two, Three, Four(p<0.05), but no significant difference was found between group Two, Three, and IV(p>0.05). 2. It showed significantly higher penetration scores in group Four (p<0.05), followed by group One, Two, Three, but no significant difference was found between group One, Two, and Three(p>0.05). Based on the results of present study, when the borders of the fissure sealant are on carious enamel, a significantly higher microleakage must be expected. It is considered that depth of enamel caries in the fissure should be taken into account when applying a fissure sealant.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic power of caries activity test using laser fluorescence. The subjects of this study were 50 children of $7\sim9$ years old. Fluorescence from initial carious lesion of teeth illuminated by an argon laser(480nm) was observed and photographed with barrier filter. Visual examination for the dDfFtT rate and Streptococcus mutans colony counting was done to evaluate correlation with caries activity test using laser fluorescence. Data analysis was accomplished by Axelsson's method. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. There was positive correlation $(\gamma=0.48)$ between laser fluorescence test and Streptococcus mutans count. And also positive correlation $(\gamma=0.39)$ exists between laser fluorescence test and dDfFtT rate (P<0.01). 2. Positive correlation $(\gamma=0.27)$ between Streptococcus mutans colony count and dDfFtT rate was found(P<0.05). 3. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 44.4%, 85.7%, and 87.8%. 4. When dDfFtT rate was defined to standard testing method, the specificity, senstivity, and diagnostic power of S. mutans colony counting were 77.8%, 92.9%, 84.8%. 5. When S. mutans colony counting was defined to standard testing method, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic power of laser fluorescence test were 40.0%, 84.8%, 95.1%. In regard to above results, laser fluorescence test considered to be accurate and reliable method for determining caries activity because of it's close relationship with caries susceptibility test and caries experience measurements. And it was also considered to be practical because it would be simple, inexpensive, and time saving method.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.387-397
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of probiotics containing Lactobacillus reuteri on Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, the degree of biofilm formation, initial acidity, buffering ability, and acid production performance were measured to confirm the dental caries-inducing ability. Methods: S. mutans (KCTC3065) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (KCTC2581) were used as experimental strains. The number of viable cells, degree of biofilm formation, initial pH, buffering capacity, and production performance were measured for comparing L. reuteri-containing probiotics and Bulgaris. Results: The viability of S. mutans in the groups was reduced in the following order: Bulgaris, probiotics, control. The degree of biofilm formation was significantly higher at 0% and gradually reduced at different concentrations (p<0.01). At 2.5%, the absorbance of the probiotics and Bulgaris groups differed significantly (p<0.01). The acid formation ability differed significantly based on the performance of S. mutans in each product (p<0.05). The absorbance of the probiotics group was significantly lower than that of the Bulgaris group (p<0.01). Conclusions: This study suggests that the use of L. reuteri-containing probiotics as an adjuvant for the prevention and decreasing of oral diseases may reduce their incidence, which can be considered one of the benefits of using probiotics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.431-434
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• 2008

Dental caries is the destruction of the enamel of teeth by Streptoccus mutans. S. mutans has been isolated from human dental plaque and is associated with the initial development of enamel lesions. We have studied the antibacterial action of the fruit of Callistemon citrin us against a cariogenic bacterium, S. mutans. From the fruit of C. citrinus, piceatannol (3,3',4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene) was isolated by repeated column chromatography with $SiO_2$ and Sephadex LH-20. Its structure was elucidated by instrumental analysis using 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and EI-MS. This compound was isolated from the fruit of C. citrin us for the first time. The anticarcinogenic activity of this compound was determined by using agar well-diffusion method and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2007

Streptococcus mutans is the major causative factor in dental caries and has been known to induce dental caries by the process of initial attachment proliferation and acid production. The pH of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) media and glucosyltransferase(GTase) activity were determined to evaluate the anticariogenic activity of Dioscorea batatas and Prunella vulgaris hexane fraction. In the experiment of hexane fraction of Dioscorea batatas, the relative growth ratio(RGR) against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was determined as 93% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 100% in 0.25 mg/ml. The hexane fraction of Prunella vulgaris revealed relative growth ratio(RGR) against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) as 86% in concentration of 0.25 mg/ml, 100% in 0.5 mg/ml. The relative growth ratio(RGR) against of hexane fraction were determined as 92% in concentration of 0.25 mg/ml, 100% in 0.5 mg/ml. The acidities were pH 7.2 on Dioscorea batatas and 7.0 on Prunella vulgaris in 2.0 mg/ml in contrast to pH 5.6 on Dioscorea batatas and 5.2 on Prunella vulgaris in control. The inhibitory effect to activity revealed 35% on Dioscorea batatas and 25% on Prunella vulgaris in 2.0 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of Dioscorea batatas was more potent than Prunella vulgaris.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.236-246
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• 2004

Artificial carious lesions in various depths were observed with visual examination using light transillumination, bite-wing radiography, laser fluorescence, and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence to determine the reproducibility, correlation of each diagnostic method, diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity. And optical densities according to demineralized times were measured whether laser fluorescence could be used as a quantitative diagnostic method. The following results were obtained whether laser fluorescence could be used for diagnosis of initial proximal caries. 1. Tau-c values of visual examination was 0.08 which showed lowest reproducibility and those of bite-wing radiography, laser fluorescence, dye-enhanced laser fluorescence were 0.60, 0.48, and 0.64, respectively which showed relatively high reproducibility. 2. The correlation between demineralization time and each examination was the highest in dye-enhanced laser fluorescence$({\gamma}=0.51)$ followed by laser fluorescence$({\gamma}=0.43)$, bite-wing radiograph$({\gamma}=0.35)$, and visual examination$({\gamma}=0.33)$. Dye-enhanced laser fluorescence and laser fluorescence showed significant correlation with demineralization time. 3. The sensitivity of laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence for diagnosing approximal caries based on bite-wing radiography were 67%, 100% and those of specificity were 57%, 11% which showed diagnostic specificity was relatively lower than sensitivity. 4. The difference in optical density(DFR) between sound teeth and carious lesions according to lesion depth was high with dye-enhanced laser fluorescence compared with laser fluorescence. DFR measured with laser fluorescence according to changes in lesion depth was statistically significant but was not statistically significant with dye-enhanced laser fluorescence. Based on these results, laser fluorescence and dye-enhanced laser fluorescence have comparable diagnostic power as bite-wing radiography in early diagnosis of proximal caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2012

Children usually have varying degree of caries in primary anterior teeth, and treatment planning for each case prescribed by each dentist can also be varied. This survey was conducted to compare the preferred treatment method and restorative materials between general dentists and pediatric dentists in regard to the treatment of primary incisors. The questionnaires, composed of 18 questions were sent to 45 general dentists and 50 pediatric dentists. Among which 30 and 31 questionnaires were retrieved respectively. The collected data were analyzed by rate and the results were as follows: 1. For the teeth with initial caries without cavitation, general dentists showed the tendency to prefer restorative treatment(30%) or observation without any treatment(42%), whereas pediatric dentists prefer preventive treatment(76%). 2. The primary factor in choosing restorative materials by both groups was its manipulativeness. 3. For anterior esthetic restoration, general dentists seldom use the full-coverage restoration(13%) but resin restoration(75%), whereas pediatric dentists frequently used full-coverage crow(64%). 4. In the treatment of dentinal caries, pediatric dentist did not perform the treatment lesser than 2.0 years before the exfoliation (compared to 1.2 years of general dentist). 5. In the treatment of 1 year children, both pediatric and general dentists tend to select preventive procedure as first choice of treatment(84%, 52%). When treating primary incisor caries, it is shown that pediatric dentists are more interested in restorative/preventive treatment than general dentists are.