• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2000

The movement of teeth and initial stress associated with the treatment of orthodontics have been successfully studied using the finite element method. To reduce the effort in preprocessing of finite element analysis, we developed two types of three-dimensional finite element models based on the standard teeth model. Individual malocclusions were incorporated in the finite element The movement of teeth and initial stress associated with the treatment of orthodontics have been successfully studied using the finite element method. To reduce the effort in preprocessing of finite element analysis, we developed two types of three-dimensional finite element models based on the standard teeth model. Individual malocclusions were incorporated in the finite element models by considering the measuring factors such as angulation, crown inclination, rotation and translations. The finite element analysis for the wire activation with a T-loop arch wire was carried out. Mechanical behavior on the movement and the initial stress for the malocclusion finite element model was shown to agree with the objectives of the actual treatment. Finite element models and procedures of analysis developed in this study would be suitably utilized for the design of initial shape of the wire and determination of activation displacements.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-53
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• 1988

Retraction of canines represents a fundamental stage in a considerable number of orthodontic treatment. Correct position of the canine after retraction is most important for function, stability, and esthetics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress in the periodontal tissue at the initial phase during canine retraction using various types of sectional retraction springs, by finite element method. Three dimensional model of tooth, periodontal ligament, bone and eight springs were simulated and tested. The following results were obtained. 1. In sectional retraction springs, increasing number of helix and the closed loop in preference to the open loop provided an decrease in horizontal force. Without angulating the arms of spring, the T-loop revealed the highest Moment-to-force ratio. 2. The Moment-to-force ratio raised by angulating mesial and distal arms of spring, but very large horizontal force was applied to canine. 3. When optimal force and optimal moment was applied to canine, the stress induced was homogeneous and the difference of stress value from cervix to the apex was little.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this finite element method (FEM) study was to analyze the biomechanical differences and tooth displacement patterns according to the traction direction, methods, and sites for total distalization of the mandibular dentition using clear aligner treatment (CAT). Methods: A finite element analysis was performed on four FEM models using different traction methods (via a precision cut hook or button) and traction sites (mandibular canine or first premolar). A distalization force of 1.5 N was applied to the traction site by changing the direction from -30 to +30° to the occlusal plane. The initial tooth displacement and von Mises stress on the clear aligners were analyzed. Results: All CAT-based total distalization groups showed an overall trend of clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane as the force direction varied. Mesiodistal tipping of individual teeth was more prominent than that of bodily movements. The initial displacement pattern of the mandibular teeth was more predominant based on the traction site than on the traction method. The elastic deformation of clear aligners is attributed to unintentional lingual tipping or extrusion of the mandibular anterior teeth. Conclusions: The initial tooth displacement can vary according to different distalization strategies for CAT-based total distalization. Discreet application and biomechanical understanding of traction sites and directions are necessary for appropriate mandibular total distalization.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.401-409
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• 1997

부정교합은 전후방, 측방, 수직적 부조화로 분류할 수 있는 데, 수직적인 부조화 중 과개 교합을 해소하기 위하여 환자의 상태에 따라 구치부의 정출 혹은 전치의 intrusion이 시도되고 있으며, intrusion은 여러 선학들에 의해 다양한 방법들이 사용되어지고 있다. 본 연구는 전치의 intrusion 방법으로 임상에서 많이 사용되어지고 있는 utility archwire, Burstone intrusion archwire, "J" hook headgear에 의한 상악 전치부intrusion시 초기 응력 상태를 광탄성법으로 비교 연구하기 위하여 치아와 치조골 모형을 광탄성물질로 대체시키고 wire와 bracket을 주어진 조건으로 위치시킨 후 편광판을 이용하여 초기 응력 상태를 분석하였고, 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. utility archwire에서는 중등도의 응력이 전치부의 치근단 부위에서 비교적 균일하게 나타났고, 제1대구치의 치근단 부위에서는 집중되어 나타났다. 2. Burstone의 3-piece intrusion archwire에서는 중등도의 응력이 전치부와 구치부의 치근단 부위에서 비교적 균일하게 나타났다. 3. "J" hook headgear에서는 강한 응력이 치조골 전반과 전치부 치근단 부위에 넓게 분포되어 나타났고, 특히 중절치와 측절치 사이 치조골 부위에 가장 강한 응력을 나타냈다. 다른 군과는 달리 전체 치아의 periodontal ligament space를 따라 약한 응력이 나타났다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.310-322
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal loading conditions for pure intrusion of the six maxillary anterior teeth with miniscrews according to alveolar bone loss. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model was created for a segment of the six anterior teeth, and the positions of the miniscrews and hooks were varied after setting the alveolar bone loss to 0, 2, or 4 mm. Under 100 g of intrusive force, initial displacement of the individual teeth in three directions and the degree of labial tilting were measured. Results: The degree of labial tilting increased with reduced alveolar bone height under the same load. When a miniscrew was inserted between the two central incisors, the amounts of medial-lateral and anterior-posterior displacement of the central incisor were significantly greater than in the other conditions. When the miniscrews were inserted distally to the canines and an intrusion force was applied distal to the lateral incisors, the degree of labial tilting and the amounts of displacement of the six anterior teeth were the lowest, and the maximum von Mises stress was distributed evenly across all the teeth, regardless of the bone loss. Conclusions: Initial tooth displacement similar to pure intrusion of the six maxillary anterior teeth was induced when miniscrews were inserted distal to the maxillary canines and an intrusion force was applied distal to the lateral incisors. In this condition, the maximum von Mises stresses were relatively evenly distributed across all the teeth, regardless of the bone loss.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.391-398
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• 1998

본 연구는 유한요소법을 사용하여 상악견치에 intrusion arch wire를 강제로 engage시켰을 때 상악 견치와 치근막에서 발생되는 압축력과 인장력의 분포의 양을 알아보고 어느 부분에 집중되는가를 분석하였다. 또한 각 부분에서의 압축력과 인장력의 비율을 비교하기 위해서 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 상악 견치의 FA point와 백악법랑경계부분에서는 압축력과 인장력의 비율이 거의 비슷하게 나타났다. 2. 치근첨 부분에서는 압축력이 인장력의 거의 4배정도 크게 나타났다. Intrusion force적용시 치근흡수 정도가 치근첨에서 발생되는 것을 정량화시켜서 보여준 결과이다. 3. 백악법랑경계부분은 즉 FA point를 제외하고는 압축력과 인장력이 가장 큰 값을 보이고 있다. 즉 치아에 교정력이 직접 적용된 부분을 제외하고는 치아와 치주인대가 처음 접촉되는 백악법랑경계부에서 응력이 집중되는 것을 유추할 수 있다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.411-424
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• 1999

Utility arch wire를 이용한 상악 4절치 압하시 중절치와 측절치의 초기 응력 분포를 알아보기 위하여 컴퓨터 단층 촬영된 정상 교합자의 치아 사진으로부터 유한요소 모델을 만든 후 beam요소로 만든 utility arch wire의 구치부에 $45^{\circ}$ tipback을 부여하고 전치부에 $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}$ crown lingual torque를 부여하여 activation한 후 치아와 치근막 유한요소 모델에 적용하여 해를 구한 다음 중절치와 측절치의 치경부, 치근 중간부, 치근첨부의 세 부분에서 초기 응력분포를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 중절치는 $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}$ activation 했을 때 치경부의 원심 구개측과 치근첨의 근심 순측에서는 압축이, 치경부의 근심순측과 치근첨의 원심 구개측에서 약한 인장이 나타나는 양상이 각각의 경우에 거의 비슷하게 나타났다. 주응력의 크기 또한 거의 비슷하였다. 그러나 $10^{\circ}$ activation 했을 때 그 양상이 가장 강하였다. 2. 측절치는 $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ}$ activation했을 때 치경부의 순측과 치근 첨부의 구개측에서 압축이 치경부의 구개측과 치근첨부의 순측에서 인장이 나타나는 양상이 각각의 경우에 거의 비슷하게 나타났다. 그러나 $10^{\circ}$ activation했을 때 그 양상이 가장 강하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.721-733
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• 1994

Orthodontic tooth movement is closely related to the stress on the periodontal tissue. In this research the finite element method was used to observe the stress distribution and to find the best condition for effective tooth movement in the case of unilateral molar expansion. The author constructed the model of lower dental arch of average Korean adult and used $.032'\times.032'\times60mm$ TMA wire. The wire was deflected in the horizontal and vertical direction to give the 16 conditions. The following results were obtained ; 1. When the moment and force were controlled properly the movement of anchor tooth was minimized and the movement of moving tooth was maximized. 2. As the initial horizontal deflection increased the buccal displacement of both teeth was also increased. As the initial horizontal deflection increased the lingual movement of anchor tooth and the buccal movement of moving tooth increased. 3. When the initial horizontal and vertical deflection rate was 1.5 the effective movement of moving tooth was observed with minimal displacement of anchor tooth.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

Objective: The purposes of this study were to measure the orthodontic forces generated by thermoplastic aligners and investigate the possible influences of different activations for lingual bodily movements on orthodontic forces, and their attenuation. Methods: Thermoplastic material of 1.0-mm in thickness was used to manufacture aligners for 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mm activations for lingual bodily movements of the maxillary central incisor. The orthodontic force in the lingual direction delivered by the thermoplastic aligners was measured using a micro-stress sensor system for the invisible orthodontic technique, and was monitored for 2 weeks. Results: Orthodontic force increased with the amount of activation of the aligner in the initial measurements. The attenuation speed in the 0.6 mm group was faster than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). All aligners demonstrated rapid relaxation in the first 8 hours, which then decreased slowly and plateaued on day 4 or 5. Conclusions: The amount of activation had a substantial influence on the orthodontic force imparted by the aligners. The results suggest that the activation of lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor should not exceed 0.5 mm. The initial 4 or 5 days is important with respect to orthodontic treatment incorporating an aligner.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1995

이 연구는 다양한 형태의 closing loops의 activation에 따른 치주조직에서의 응력분포를 평가하고 상악 절치의 이동 양상을 예측하기 위하여 3차원 유한요소법에 의하여 시행되었다. 동시에 상악 절치의 견인시 사용되는 bull loop, key-hole loop, T-loop, combination loop 그리고 asymmetrical T-loop도 3차원 유한요소법에 의해 분석 되었다. 이 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 여러가지 형태의 공간폐쇄용 루프중 bull loop에서 가장 큰 수평력을 나타냈으며 , key-hole, combination loop, T-loop 순이었다. 이들 모두 치아이동의 양상은 uncontrolled tipping을 나타냈다. 2. Asymmetrical TMA T-loop에서는 수평력이 현저히 감소하였으며, 절치부위에 함입력이 나타났다. 3. 절치부에서 torque의 증가에 따라 모멘트가 증가하였고, 선형적인 증가를 보였다. 4. 모멘트의 증가에 따라 치아의 초기 이동양상은 uncontrolled tipping에서 치근이동 양상으로 변화되었다.